共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
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The use of bio‐nanotechnology for the fabrication of diverse functional nanomaterials with precisely controlled morphologies and microstructures is attracting considerable attention due to its sustainability and renewability. As one of the key energy storage devices, supercapacitor (SC) requires the active electrode material to have high specific surface area, interconnected porous structure, excellent electronic conductivity, and appropriate heteroatom doping for promoting the transfer of electrons and electrolyte ions. The combination of bio‐technology and SC will open up a new avenue for the large‐scale fabrication of high performance functional energy storage devices. In this review, the most state‐of‐the‐art research progress in bio‐nanotechnological fabrication of different nanomaterials, including carbon materials, metal oxides, conducting polymers, and their corresponding composites are reviewed with the following three bio‐nanotechnical approaches covered: (1) biomass carbonization technologies; (2) bio‐template methods; and (3) bio‐complex technologies, while also highlighting their applications as functional SC electrodes. 相似文献
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We tested the effect of cultivation on butterfly (Nymphalidae: Charaxes) and beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) species richness and abundance along a cultivation intensification gradient. Results showed significant differences in species richness and abundance between natural woodlands and cultivated landscapes with larger differences in areas of high cultivation intensity. The results indicate that natural woodland clearing for cultivation purposes has negative impacts on arthropod diversity, a situation more severe in highly intensified cultivated areas. Our results imply that mosaics of different land‐use units, each in a different phase of clearance‐cultivation‐abandonment‐recovery‐clearance cycle could counter the negative effects of cultivation intensity on arthropod diversity. 相似文献
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Increasing pressure is being exerted on the peri‐urban space that has elevated the demand for electricity, affects the global water resource, and impacts the potential to produce food, fiber, and commodity products. Algae‐based technologies and in particular algae‐based sewage treatment provides an opportunity for recovery of water for recycle and re‐use, sequestration of greenhouse gases, and generation of biomass. Successful coupling of municipal sewage treatment to an algae‐to‐energy facility depends largely on location, solar irradiance, and temperature to achieve meaningful value recovery. In this paper, an algae‐to‐energy sewage treatment system for implementation in southern Africa is elaborated. Using results from the continued operation of an integrated algal pond system (IAPS), it is shown that this 500‐person equivalent system generates 75 kL per day water for recycle and re‐use and, ～9 kg per day biomass that can be converted to methane with a net energy yield of ～150 MJ per day, and ～0.5 kL per day of high nitrogen‐containing liquid effluent (>1 g/L) with potential for use as organic fertilizer. It is this opportunity that IAPS‐based algae‐to‐energy sewage treatment provides for meaningful energy and co‐product recovery within the peri‐urban space and, which can alleviate pressure on an already strained water–energy–food nexus. 相似文献
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Abstract. This study analyses the pollen signature of tropical lowland forests (< 1000 m a.s.l.) in the Asian monsoon climate. Its aim is to investigate how well the pollen data can reproduce the vegetation patterns in tropical India, and how the variations in the pollen composition are related to the gradient of decreasing plant moisture availability (measured by the ratio of actual over equilibrium evapotranspiration) that is associated with the strong seasonality of precipitation that characterizes the monsoon climate regime. We used canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) to relate the variations in the pollen composition of 71 surface soil samples from evergreen and semi‐evergreen forests distributed along the western coast of south India (8° 48’ N‐15° 08’ N), with the climate characteristics of the sampling sites. We show that variations in plant moisture availability strongly determine variations in the pollen composition; for example evergreen and semi‐evergreen forests can be distinguished on the basis of their pollen assemblages. Variations in the mean temperature of the coldest month associated with elevation also determine distinct pollen assemblages; for example evergreen forests above 800 m a.s.l. present different pollen signatures than those below this altitude/temperature limit. Variations in the relative abundance of some pollen taxa are strongly related to plant moisture availability and taxa indicators of climate can be identified. Hence, modern pollen assemblages from tropical forests in south India carry considerable information about vegetation patterns and climate. Paleoclimatic changes, notably in the monsoon season, could be quantified. 相似文献
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Inland halophilous vegetation as indicator of soil salinity 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
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Nor‐Insyirah Syahira Abdul Latif Mei Yin Ong Saifuddin Nomanbhay 《Engineering in Life Science》2019,19(4):246-269
Currently, fossil materials form the majority of our energy and chemical source. Many global concerns force us to rethink about our current dependence on the fossil energy. Limiting the use of these energy sources is a key priority for most countries that pledge to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The application of biomass, as substitute fossil resources for producing biofuels, plastics and chemicals, is a widely accepted strategy for sustainable development. Aquatic plants including algae possess competitive advantages as biomass resources compared to the terrestrial plants in this current global situation. Bio‐oil production from algal biomass is technically and economically viable, cost competitive, requires no capacious lands and minimal water use and reduces atmospheric carbon dioxide. The aim of this paper is to review the potential of converting algal biomass, as an aquatic plant, into high‐quality crude bio‐oil through applicable processes in Malaysia. In particular, bio‐based materials and fuels from algal biomass are considered as one of the reliable alternatives for clean energy. Currently, pyrolysis and hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) are two foremost processes for bio‐oil production from biomass. HTL can directly convert high‐moisture algal biomass into bio‐oil, whereas pyrolysis requires feedstock drying to reduce the energy consumption during the process. Microwave‐assisted HTL, which can be conducted in aqueous environment, is suitable for aquatic plants and wet biomass such as algae. 相似文献
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Yongshuo H. Fu Xiaojun Geng Shouzhi Chen Hao Wu Fanghua Hao Xuan Zhang Zhaofei Wu Jing Zhang Jing Tang Yann Vitasse Constantin M. Zohner Ivan Janssens Nils Chr. Stenseth Josep Peñuelas 《Global Change Biology》2023,29(5):1377-1389
Over the past decades, global warming has led to a lengthening of the time window during which temperatures remain favorable for carbon assimilation and tree growth, resulting in a lengthening of the green season. The extent to which forest green seasons have tracked the lengthening of this favorable period under climate warming, however, has not been quantified to date. Here, we used remote sensing data and long-term ground observations of leaf-out and coloration for six dominant species of European trees at 1773 sites, for a total of 6060 species–site combinations, during 1980–2016 and found that actual green season extensions (GS: 3.1 ± 0.1 day decade−1) lag four times behind extensions of the potential thermal season (TS: 12.6 ± 0.1 day decade−1). Similar but less pronounced differences were obtained using satellite-derived vegetation phenology observations, that is, a lengthening of 4.4 ± 0.13 and 7.5 ± 0.13 day decade−1 for GS and TS, respectively. This difference was mainly driven by the larger advance in the onset of the thermal season compared to the actual advance of leaf-out dates (spring mismatch: 7.2 ± 0.1 day decade−1), but to a less extent caused by a phenological mismatch between GS and TS in autumn (2.4 ± 0.1 day decade−1). Our results showed that forest trees do not linearly track the new thermal window extension, indicating more complex interactions between winter and spring temperatures and photoperiod and a justification of demonstrating that using more sophisticated models that include the influence of chilling and photoperiod is needed to accurately predict spring phenological changes under warmer climate. They urge caution if such mechanisms are omitted to predict, for example, how vegetative health and growth, species distribution and crop yields will change in the future. 相似文献
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The effects of herbivory and the season of disturbance on species composition and algal succession were experimentally tested at a tropical intertidal shore, Phuket Island, Thailand. Dead coral patches were cleared of all organisms during both the dry and rainy seasons in order to study the effects of season on algal succession and cages were set up to exclude fish herbivory. Algal succession in this intertidal habitat showed a simple pattern and took a year from the early Ulva paradoxa C. Agardh stage to the late Polysiphonia sphaerocarpa Børgesen stage. The abundance of algae during succession was under the influence of seasonal change. U. paradoxa reproduced and recruited throughout the year. Caging effects did not apparently influence algal abundance, perhaps because resident herbivorous damselfishes excluded other herbivores from their territories and maintained their algal “farms”. Unexpectedly, the percent cover of Ulva in the caged plots was lower than in uncaged plots. This pattern may indicate that caging excluded damselfishes only, but allowed small herbivores that consumed substantial amounts of soft filamentous algae in the cages. 相似文献
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采用巴氏罐诱法于2009年3月到10月对盐池四墩子3种不同类型荒漠草原的步甲物种组成、数量分布进行了系统调查,共获得步甲标本1318号,分属于9属15种,其中直角通缘步甲Pterostichus gebleri、蒙古伪葬步甲Pseudotaphoxnus mongolicus、径婪步甲Harpalus salinus和短翅伪葬步甲Pseudotaphoxnus brevipennis为优势种,个体数量分别占个体总数的33.08%、19.73%、15.94%和8.04%。多样性分析表明适度干扰荒漠草地的Shannon-Wiener多样性、丰富度和均匀度均高于低干扰和强干扰荒漠草地。群落相似性分析显示猪毛蒿和甘草混交带与围栏放牧带及柠条带有较高的相似性,蒙古冰草带和苜蓿与柠条混种带相似性较高。从时间动态上看,步甲群落的个体数量在8月份达到最高。4种优势种季节性变化分别是直角通缘步甲盛发期为8月,径婪步甲发生的高峰期为8、9月,短翅伪葬步甲在5月和8月,蒙古伪葬步甲7-10月个体数量均多;不同物种在不同类型荒漠草地出现的高峰期是不一致的。典范对应分析(CCA)分析表明土壤含水量是影响步甲分布的最重要环境因子,植物生物量和植被密度次之;土壤含水量与步甲的Shannon-Wiener多样性、均匀度显著负相关,与优势度呈显著正相关。 相似文献
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The distribution of isopod species along a 70 km transect through northern Israel is described. The transect started from the Mediterranean seashore through Mt. Carmel and the Gilboa Mts. to the Jordan Valley. The habitats ranged from grassland, macqui to woodland in the Mediterranean region, onto grassland in the semi-arid region. Thirty isopod species were found, of these only one species was common to all the regions, and two species were found in four out of five regions. The largest number of species inhabited the mountainous habitats of Mt. Carmel and the Gilboa Mts: 20 and 14 species, respectively. Twelve species were found in the Coastal Plain; five of these were found exclusively there. Two of the four species found in the Jordan Valley were characteristic of that semi-arid region. Beta-diversity was found to be low in most cases and especially in the comparison between Mediterranean and semi-arid habitats. 相似文献
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坡向差异对广东古兜山自然保护区蕨类植物多样性的生态影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为揭示坡向差异对蕨类植物多样性的生态影响,作者在广东新会古兜山自然保护区海拔1,000 m以下的中低山植被东、南、西、北4个坡向,分别选取10个5 m×5 m的样方进行调查,分析蕨类植物群落多样性和种类组成的差异.结果表明:(1)东坡(半阴坡)与北坡(阴坡)物种多样性最丰富,而西坡(半阳坡)和南坡(阳坡)相对贫乏;(2)4个坡向的相似性系数均很低(不超过0.5),其中南坡(阳坡)与北坡(阴坡)间种类组成差异最大;(3)反映热量差异的区系地理性质分析显示,热带性质蕨类植物在阳坡占优势,而非热带性蕨类在阴坡占优势,南坡、西坡、东坡、北坡的热带成分比例依次下降;(4)反映光照条件的植物耐荫程度分析显示,阴性种类占优势,阳性和耐荫性种类较少,其阴性蕨类植物的比例依南坡、西坡、东坡、北坡顺序增加;阳性蕨类植物比例最高的坡面是西坡,而最低的是东坡.南坡的比例稍高于北坡.研究结果显示坡向差异对蕨类植物物种及其生态习性的多样性分布格局具有比较明显的影响,蕨类植物多样性可以作为环境和气候变化的一个较好的指示物种. 相似文献
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The reproductive biology and gonad cycle of three Cyprinid fish species:Barbus canis (Valenciennes, 1842),B. longiceps (Valenciennes, 1842) andCapoeta damascina (Valenciennes, 1842), in the upper Jordan River system of Israel were studied by monthly sampling over a two-year period. The reproductive activity of the three species was found to peak from January to April, mostly involving upstream migration towards spawning grounds on river beds 400–900 m above the Jordan River. Hybrids of the three species were collected in nature: in those ofBarbus canis ×Capoeta damascina, the gonads possessed both types of gametes, spermatogonia and oogonia, all of which became arrested at an early stage of development, and infertile; in hybrids of detected in nature, males had oocytes dispersed in the testis, whereas in females, the ovaries had small islets of spermatogonial tissue. In these female hybrids the oocytes ripened normally and spawning occurred. 相似文献
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River Dan is the largest of the headwater rivers of the Jordan. The karstic exsurgence of the Dan has a seasonally stable output, a long stretch of strongly turbulent flow, stable temperature around 15.5°C and high oxygen saturation. A total of 156 taxa, mainly at the species level, were identified from the river. These species are almost exclusively of Palearctic origin. About half of the species are limited to the northernmost part of Israel. The faunal complex described, does not present any longitudinal zonation for the 5 kilometers of turbulent flow; neither does it present seasonal changes in species composition. River Dan is considered to be a post-Pleistocenic river which has an important function of refugium for a wide area of aquatic water-bodies in the area, including the presently drained Lake Hula. It is suggested that in the Illies scheme of stream classification, River Dan might represent a type of stream belonging to a ‘pseudorhithral’ along with other stenothermic warm water torrents of the tropical-subtropical climatic belt. 相似文献
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Rotaru AE Jiang W Finster K Skrydstrup T Meyer RL 《Biotechnology and bioengineering》2012,109(8):1889-1897
The use of microorganisms as support for reduction of dissolved Pd(II) to immobilized Pd(0) nanoparticles is an environmentally friendly approach for Pd recovery from waste. To better understand and engineer Pd(0) nanoparticle synthesis, one has to consider the mechanisms by which Pd(II) is reduced on microbial surfaces. Escherichia coli, Shewanella oneidensis, and Pseudomonas putida were used as model organisms in order to elucidate the role of microbial cells in Pd(II) reduction under acidic conditions. Pd(II) was reduced by formate under acidic conditions, and the process occurred substantially faster in the presence of cells as compared to cell-free controls. We found no difference between native (untreated) and autoclaved cells, and could demonstrate that even a non-enzymatic protein (bovine serum albumin) stimulated Pd(II) reduction as efficiently as bacterial cells. Amine groups readily interact with Pd(II), and to specifically test their role in surface-assisted Pd(II) reduction by formate, we replaced bacterial cells with polystyrene microparticles functionalized with amine or carboxyl groups. Amine-functionalized microparticles had the same effect on Pd(II) reduction as bacterial cells, and the effect could be hampered if the amine groups were blocked by acetylation. The interaction with amine groups was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy on whole cells and amine-functionalized microparticles. In conclusion, bio-supported Pd(II) reduction on microbial surfaces is possibly mediated by a non-enzymatic mechanism. We therefore suggest the use of amine-rich biomaterials rather than intact cells for Pd bio-recovery from waste. 相似文献
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Abstract We identified 126 species of algae and cyanoprokaryotes from seven divisions in 21 samples of plankton and periphyton collected at 8 stations over the Hadera River in 2003 – 2005. The chlorophytes strongly prevail. Of these, 110 species are indicators of environmental conditions. The indicators of saprobity (Watanabe's scale) show a medium level of organic pollution. The saprobity index S (Sládecek's scale) varies from 1.73 to 2.80, corresponding to II – IV classes of water quality. The environmental pollution index (EPI) varies from 2 to 5 indicating a range of slightly to strongly polluted water of classes III and IV. The Water Ecosystem State Index, WESI = 0.6, testifies to a toxic impact on the algae in the middle reaches. The River Pollution Index for saprobity (RPIs = 2.35 – 2.42), temperature (RPIt = 17.1 in winter), conductivity (RPIε = 3.31 – 4.5), nitric nitrogen (RPIN = 15.3), and pH (RPIpH = 7.6 – 8.3) indicate alkaline, moderately mineralized waters with an occasional input of nitrates all year round, corresponding to classes III – IV of water quality, and the beta- to alfa-mesosaprobic self-purification zone. According to our results, the self-purification capacity of the Hadera River ecosystem is rather high. This study shows the potential of the algal bioindication method for aquatic ecosystems of Israel. 相似文献
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Casey M. Godwin Aubrey R. Lashaway David C. Hietala Phillip E. Savage Bradley J. Cardinale 《Global Change Biology Bioenergy》2018,10(10):752-765
For algal biofuels to become a commercially viable and sustainable means of decreasing greenhouse gas emissions, growers are going to need to design feedstocks that achieve at least three characteristics simultaneously as follows: attain high yields; produce high quality biomass; and remain stable through time. These three qualities have proven difficult to achieve simultaneously under the ideal conditions of the laboratory, much less under field conditions (e.g., outdoor culture ponds) where feedstocks are exposed to highly variable conditions and the crop is vulnerable to invasive species, disease, and grazers. Here, we show that principles from ecology can be used to improve the design of feedstocks and to optimize their potential for “multifunctionality.” We performed a replicated experiment to test these predictions under outdoor conditions. Using 80 ponds of 1,100 L each, we tested the hypotheses that polycultures would outperform monocultures in terms of the following functions: biomass production, yield of biocrude from biomass, temporal stability, resisting population crashes, and resisting invasions by unwanted species. Overall, species richness improved stability, biocrude yield, and resistance to invasion. While this suggests that polycultures could outperform monocultures on average, invasion resistance was the only function where polycultures outperformed the best single species in the experiment. Due to tradeoffs among different functions that we measured, no species or polyculture was able to maximize all functions simultaneously. However, diversity did enhance the potential for multifunctionality—the most diverse polyculture performed more functions at higher levels than could any of the monocultures. These results are a key finding for ecological design of sustainable biofuel systems because they show that while a monoculture may be the optimal choice for maximizing short‐term biomass production, polycultures can offer a more stable crop of the desired species over longer periods of time. 相似文献