浙江省清凉峰自然保护区苔藓植物区系成分研究

通过对2013~2014年于清凉峰自然保护区采集的1 500余份苔藓植物标本进行鉴定和文献研究,统计分析了清凉峰自然保护区苔藓植物种类组成,区系地理成分及特点,并对该地区与相邻8个地区藓类植物的丰富度系数比较和相似性系数比较,以明确该地区苔藓植物不同的生态分布类型,揭示浙江清凉峰保护区苔藓植物多样性的变化规律。结果表明:(1)浙江省清凉峰国家自然保护区苔藓植物共有62科143属337种(包括3个变种),其中苔类植物20科29属49种,藓类植物42科114属288种。(2)藓类植物的优势科9个、优势属16个。(3)该地区苔藓植物区系成分主要以东亚成分为主(占总种数41.84%),温带成分次之(占总种数28.57%),热带成分再次之(占总种数20.74%)。(4)浙江清凉峰自然保护区苔藓植物区系与浙江省境内的金华山、大盘山、天目山和凤阳山的亲缘关系较为密切。(5)浙江清凉峰自然保护区苔藓植物生态分布类型复杂多样,以石生类型(占总标本数的47.09%)最多,其次为岩面土生(占总标本数的27.68%)和土生(占总标本数的12.85%)类型。     

英格兰洞穴苔藓植物区系特征及其岩溶沉积研究

根据作者1998－2000年采自英格兰7个岩溶洞穴452份苔藓植物标本研究,英格兰岩溶洞穴苔藓植物区系具有下列特征：（1）区系种类由20科41属65种（含变种亚种）组成;（2）区系地理成分含北温带分布（52．30％）、温带欧洲分布（15．38％）、欧洲－亚洲分布（1．54％）、欧洲－北美分布（12．31％）、旧世界温带分布（4．62％）、英国特有（1．54％）和世界广泛分布（12．31％）等7种成分;（3）生活型含高丛集型（9．22％）、矮丛集型（20％）、交织型（61．54％）、扇型（4．08％）和平铺型（4．08％）5种类型。14种洞穴苔藓植物参与了洞穴洞口钙华沉积,沉积形态包括钟乳石、洞壁钙华、洞底泉华和洞底滴水钙华4种类型。     

小秦岭自然保护区苔藓植物区系分析

小秦岭自然保护区共计有苔藓植物53科128属281种10变种2变型。其中苔类植物19科22属37种2变种l变型;藓类植物34科106属244种8变种l变型．其区系的基本特征是：地理成分多样,区系联系广泛;以温带性质为主,但有较明显的热带残遗性和亲缘性;隶属于华北植物区系,但兼有多种区系成分,体现了本区苔藓植物区系南北过渡,东西交汇的特征。     

广西猫儿山自然保护区藓类植物区系研究

首次系统调查了猫儿山自然保护区的藓类植物区系。通过野外考察和室内鉴定,报道广西猫儿山藓类植物39科109属265种(含种下单位),其中广西新记录属6个,新记录种47个。其区系成分以东亚成分为主,占总种数的36.06%,其次为热带亚洲成分和北温带成分,具亚热带性质。将猫儿山自然保护区的藓类植物与四川峨眉山和云南大围山进行比较,结果显示其Gleason物种丰富度指数在三者间最低,Kroeber系数则指示出猫儿山与大围山藓类植物的属、种相似度略高于其与峨眉山的比较值。此外,区系谱的比较反映了猫儿山自然保护区藓类植物区系的东亚成分和其中的中国—日本成分在三者间最高。     

中国桂林岩溶洞穴苔藓植物研究

对采自中国广西桂林17个岩溶洞穴的192份苔藓植物标本进行研究,报道了洞穴苔藓13科19属28 种,其中含广西苔藓植物新记录16种。野外观察表明,桂林岩溶洞穴苔藓植物主要分布于洞穴洞口0～32m 弱光带范围内。三种丛集型藓类植物:净口藓、钩喙净口藓和东亚泽藓参与岩溶洞穴洞口带钙华沉积。     

Environmental monitoring in Baden-Württemberg with special reference to biocoenotic trend-monitoring of macrozoobenthos in rivers and methodical requirements for evaluation of long-term biocoenotic changes

Biomonitoring methods from a comprehensive study of man-made impacts on urban and on the near-natural environment are presented. Part of the environmental monitoring in Baden-Württemberg is a biocoenotic trend-monitoring project on macrozoobenthos in running waters which has resulted in a database enabling long-term trend assessment of biocoenosis in diverse rivers and streams in the future. About 561 species of macrozoobenthos have been recorded (21 species for the first time in Baden-Württemberg). Data are analysed for different purposes: methodological requirements for aquatic trendbiomonitoring, status of endangerment according to the Red Data Book, and first assessment of faunistic long-term changes in the River Rhine.Calculation of cumulative species numbers over number of samples offers sampling success and therefore represents a good way to show how sure or complete results of a given faunistic approach are at a given time. One sample provides less than 25% of the fauna recorded within a three years period of quarterly inspections. To collect the main fraction (90%) of species, it takes 3 years of quarterly collections if all species recorded only once during the whole period are neglected. Several rare species were recorded within the project. 34% of mayflies, stoneflies and caddisflies are endangered.The River Rhine and its changes in faunal composition within the last century is the example to illustrate the principle of biocoenotic trend-monitoring. The more recent samples of the macrobenthic fauna of the River Rhine indicate an improved quality and diversity because of improved water quality. Several species, indicative of good water quality have returned, and invasion of neozoans is still high, too. However, with respect to extinct species of macrozoobenthos, especially stoneflies, mayflies and caddisflies, mentioned by former authors, there is still a marked absence of indigenous species in the River Rhine.     

紫金山国家森林公园苔藓植物多样性及其与环境关系研究

为深入了解紫金山国家森林公园苔藓植物资源,对南京紫金山展开苔藓植物野外调查,应用典范对应分析(CCA)研究苔藓植物分布与环境间关系。结果表明,调查中共记录苔藓植物23科37属65种,青藓科(Brachytheciaceae)、丛藓科(Pottiaceae)、羽藓科(Thuidiaceae)和绢藓科(Entodontaceae)为优势科(≥6种),绢藓属(Entodon)、青藓属(Brachythecium)、匐灯藓属(Plagiomnium)和真藓属(Bryum)为优势属(≥4种);苔藓植物生境以土生为主,树生较少;苔藓植物生活型以交织型和丛集型为主,占比分别达46.15%和35.38%;苔藓植物区系以温带和东亚成分为主,区系成分呈现明显过渡性;CCA排序结果表明,湿度、坡向和海拔是影响该区域苔藓植物分布的主要环境因子。     

我国地方植物志出版情况简介(九)

该文介绍了自2006年以来我国省市级以及跨省区的20种地方植物志的出版信息,包括出版年代、页码、收载类群的科属种、线描图及彩图等信息。其中,《昆仑植物志》为跨青海、甘肃、四川、新疆和西藏等五省(区)的地方植物志。     

Regional differences in bacterial flora in harbour porpoises from the North Atlantic: environmental effects?

Aims:  Microbiological findings in harbour porpoises from different regions of the North Atlantic were compared. Results in animals from the North and Baltic Seas were evaluated over a period of 18 years for changes in the microbiological flora.
Methods and Results:  Microbiological investigations were performed on 1429 organ samples from the lung, liver, kidney, spleen, intestine, and mesenteric lymph nodes from harbour porpoises of the German North and Baltic Seas, Greenlandic, Icelandic and Norwegian waters. A large variety of bacteria, including potentially pathogenic bacteria like Brucella sp., Clostridium perfringens, Escherichia coli, Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae , β-haemolytic streptococci and Staphylococcus aureus were isolated . Those bacteria were associated with bronchopneumonia, gastroenteritis, hepatitis, pyelonephritis, myocarditis and septicemia.
Conclusions:  Organs from animals originating from Greenlandic and Icelandic waters showed clearly less bacterial growth and fewer associated pathological lesions compared to animals from the German North and Baltic Seas and Norwegian waters.
Significance and Impact of the Study:  Differences in bacterial findings and associated lesions between harbour porpoises from the German North and Baltic Seas and animals from Greenlandic, Norwegian and Icelandic waters may result from higher stress due to anthropogenic activities such as chemical pollutants in the North and Baltic Seas.     

西北干旱荒漠区种子植物科的区系分析

西北干旱荒漠区分布有种子植物82科、484属、1704种,优势现象明显,优势科11个,它们是菊科、豆科、禾本科、藜科,十字花科、蓼科,莎草科、毛莨科、蔷薇科、唇形科和百合科;表征科8个,它们是香蒲科,麻黄科,柽柳科、蒺藜科,胡颓子科、藜科、眼子菜科和蓼科。地理成分多样,其中以世界广布成分为主,共37科,占总科数的45.12%,其次为温带成分（包括热带至温带,亚热带至温带,温带,温带至寒带）,共有31科,占总科数的37.80%,热带成分,热带致亚热带成分较少,共14科,占总科数的17.07%。这些反映出植物的分布与本地区气候相适应的特点。     

Plant traits and regeneration of urban plant communities after disturbance: Does the bud bank play any role?

Questions: What is the relative role of the bud bank, seed and various species traits in the regeneration of urban plant communities after severe disturbances? Do invasive and exotic species, highly abundant in disturbed communities, regenerate better than native species after disturbance? Methods: Hand tilling was applied to three urban plant communities with and without additional herbicide treatment to exclude regeneration from the bud bank. Plant traits were determined from the literature and databases. Species responses to the treatments were evaluated with RDA analyses in CANOCO. Linear models were applied to identify traits that could predict the responses of species to disturbance. Results: The bud bank played a key role in regeneration in the plots without herbicide. In the plots with herbicide treatment, the seed bank was important in re‐establishing vegetation after disturbance. Exclusion of the bud bank by using herbicide allowed the establishment of small annuals, whereas biennials and perennials were successful in plots where the bud bank was not inhibited by herbicide. Exotic species with a long residence time in the local flora were successful in plots where regeneration from the bud bank was excluded, whereas species with short residence times or that were invasive were suppressed by both types of disturbance. Conclusion: In response to various types of disturbance, species with different regeneration strategies (either seeds or bud bank) were promoted. Exotic species were suppressed primarily by disturbance, which suggests that factors other than just regenerative capability contributed to the high abundance of exotics in urban communities.     

越南苦苣苔科植物国家级分布新记录——大苞漏斗苣苔

漏斗苣苔属(Raphiocarpus Chun)是分布于中国至中南半岛一带的小属,主要产于中国华南西南抵越南北部至中部,但之前中越两国共有分布的该属物种仅有3个种。大苞漏斗苣苔[Raphiocarpus begoniifolius(Lévl.)Burtt]一度被认为是中国的特有种,仅分布在中国的广西西北部、贵州西南部、云南东南部和湖北西北部,尚未见有在越南的相关研究报道。该文首次报道了越南植物区系中大苞漏斗苣苔的国家级分布新记录,使得中越两国共有分布的该属物种上升到了4个种,并着重讨论了大苞漏斗苣苔与其近缘种长筒漏斗苣苔[Raphiocarpus macrosiphon(Hance)Burtt]的区别特征,进一步完善了越南所分布的漏斗苣苔属植物检索表。根据中越两国的各自与联合野外考察工作对该种的濒危现状进行了讨论,为中越两国开展该种乃至该属植物的保育提供了直接证据。凭证标本保存于越南生物资源与生态研究所标本馆(HN)中。     

Stable isotope and trace element geochemistry of Upper Cretaceous carbonates and belemnite rostra (Middle Campanian, north Germany)

Trace element contents and stable isotopic composition of Middle Campanian marl-limestone rhythmites and belemnite rostra of Belemnitella mucronata were investigated. High strontium and low iron as well as manganese and magnesium contents of belemnite calcite and bulk rock samples suggest no diagenetic overprint. However, the orange-coloured cathodoluminescence of coccolith-rich sediments indicates diagenetic cementation and/or recrystallization. The non-luminescent belemnite rostra reveal an extraordinary preservation of the microstructures that is interpreted to have been favoured by a silification of the outer rim of the belemnite rostra. Carbon isotope ratios of the coccolith limestones and belemnite rostra are comparable, with higher δ¹³C variations observed for belemnite calcite. The 1.5-2‰ depletion in δ¹⁸O of the marl-limestone rhythmites relative to belemnite calcite is explained by diagenetic alteration of the sediments. Palaeotemperatures, calculated from the δ¹⁸O values of the well-preserved belemnite rostra, are around 12.5 ± 2 °C and suggest rather low sea-surface temperatures for the Middle Campanian epicontinental sea of north Germany assuming a water depth of less than 100 m.     

Archaeobotanical samples from non-specific urban contexts as a tool for reconstructing environmental conditions (examples from Elbląg and Kołobrzeg,northern Poland)

The botanical composition of samples from culture layers, explored in two medieval towns in northern Poland, is discussed with respect to their potential as a source of environmental data. The frequency of selected taxa and the proportion of their diaspores in the actualistic groups of weed and grassland species, as well as the distribution of indices for edaphic factors were used as indicators of the natural environment around and inside the towns, and of some aspects of agriculture. The comparison of the results from both towns affords new evidence for a better understanding of archaeobotanical data from culture layers of non-specific, complex origin.