椰子狸的一新亚种——海南椰子狸

椰子狸(Paradoxurus hermaphroditus Pallas) 是亚洲东南部比较典型的一种林栖食肉兽类。在我国仅分布于大陆南缘和海南岛,曾记载过两个亚种:P.h.exitus(广东虎门、云南东南部和南部)和P.h.laotum(广西西南部和广东海南岛)。我们在整理椰子狸过程中,查看了该种在国内的所有标本和有关资料,发现云南南部(西双版纳)的标本应属于     

广西植物油脂的研究 Ⅲ.大瑶山九种植物种子的油脂成分

<正> 一、材料 分析样品来源是区综合考察队植物资源组采集。共分析5个科9个种的植物种子:五味子科的冷饭团(Kadsura coccinea)风藤、(K.heteroclita)樟科的广东山胡椒(Lindera kwangtungensis)锈叶新木姜(Neolitsea cambodiana)、葫芦科的大苞括楼(Trichosanthes rosthornii.)、毛括楼(T.mushaensis)、双边括楼(T.uniflora)、蔷薇科的尖嘴林檎(Malus melliana)、省沽油科的大果山香圆(Turpinia pomifera)。     

值得注意的中国植物(续二)

继续报道了大戟科等10个分类单位:发表了防城巴豆(Crotonhanceivar.tsoiH.S.Kiu)和七星毛桐(Mallotusbarbatusvar.wuiH.S.Kiu)两个新变种;补充了合柱金莲木(Siniarhodoleuca)广东的标本;柳叶钝果寄生(Taxillusdelavayi)广西及贵州的标本;香港巴豆(Crotonhancei)的标本;小黄珠子草(Phyllanthuswilfordii)的标本;茎花守宫木(Sauropusbonii)为海南新记录;山麻杆(Alchorneadavidii)为广东新记录;分布于广东、广西、香港、云南的卵叶石岩枫(Mallotusrepandusvar.scabrifolius)的代表性标本;论述了毛果巴豆(CrotonlachnocarpusBenth.)为中国特有种。     

江南油杉和台湾油杉核型的比较研究

<正> 江南油杉(Keteleeria cyclolepis Flous)和台湾油杉(Keteleeria formcsana Hayata)均为松科(Pinaceae)油杉属的常绿乔木,我国的特产树种,前者分布于云南、贵州、广西、广东、湖南,江西等省区,后者分布于台湾。油杉属(keteleeria)的细胞学资料已有Sugihara和王伏雄分别报道过铁坚油杉(K.dayidiana Beissn.)和云南油杉(K.     

中国的离根香属植物

<正> 作者于1985—1986年在广东省汕头市普查中草药资源期间,曾注意到一种具香味的草药,据具花的标本;其花柱3裂,柱头为杯状集粉杯围绕,确认为离根香属(Calogyne R.Br.)植物。此后,陆续查阅华南植物研究所(SCBI)、厦门大学生物系(XMU)和广西中医药研究所(GXMI)收藏的最近30年来我国植物学工作者采集的标本,澄清本属植物分布于我国的福建、广东、海南和广西;毗邻我国广西的越南(芒街)为分布新纪录。     

江苏省花椒属(芸香科)植物地理分布新记录

报道江苏省花椒属地理分布新记录植物1种——椿叶花椒(Zanthoxylum ailanthoides Sieb.et Zucc.),并对该省花椒属植物进行了补充记述。椿叶花椒分布于中国东南部(福建、浙江、江西、广东、广西、贵州、四川、云南、台湾)至东亚和东南亚的热带与亚热带地区,在江苏为新记录,且是该种分布的最北界。凭证标本存放于南京师范大学生命科学学院生物标本馆(NJNUH)。     

几种水稻螟虫幼虫和蛹的外形比较

蛀食稻茎的螟虫,目前已发现有五种。计大螟(Sesam?a inferens Walk.)、二化螟(Chilosupressalis(Walk.)、台湾稻螟(Chilotraea auri-cilia Dudg.)、三化螟(Schoenobius incertellusWalk.)、稻褐边螟(Schoenobius sp.)。台湾稻螟目前记载分布于台湾、广东、广西、福建。稻褐边螟分布于湖南、江西。二化螟和三化螟分布比较普遍,为害也较严重。除以上五种蛀食稻     

广西种子植物小资料

几年来,我所在中草药资源调查工作中,发现一些我国及广西未曾记录过的植物,现整理成文,以供有关部门参考。本文引用的标本均收藏在广西中医药研究所植物标本室(GXMI)。 山椒子水番挑(博白)番落技科Annonaceae Uvar花a grandiflora Roxb.in FI.Ind.2:665.1524;李秉滔,植物分类学报14(1):98.2976,蒋英,李秉滔,中国植物志30(2):26,图版10. 1979。 广西东南部:博白县,浪平公社,水库边1971年5月9日,王鉴均2247外北流县,隆盛公社,天堂,坡地疏林中,1977年9月26日北流调查队8一44口7。 分布:广东南部,广西东南部;印度、缅甸、泰国、越南、马来…     

台湾林檎生长发育生物学特性的观察研究

台湾林檎(Malus doumeri(Bois.) chev．)是蔷薇科苹果属植物。主要对其生长发育生物学特性进行了研究,掌握它的生长发育规律,为进一步的开发利用提供参考。     

关于木棉与攀枝花

锦葵科(Malvaceae)棉属(Gossypium)的栽培棉种,大都是一年生品种,但在气候温暖的地带如我国的云南、西康、广西、广东、福建和台湾等地有多年生棉品种的栽培,在这种气候条件下,一年生棉亦能经冬不死,成为多年生状态。多年生棉,不论是海岛棉(G.barba-dense L.)、中国棉(G.arboreum L.)或陆地棉(G.hir-sutum L.),习惯上都称做木棉。后两种在南方虽可变为多年生,但不重要,所以木棉一般指多年生海岛棉而言。此外,我国南部如云南、广西、广东和贵州等地有     

中药山楂原植物的研究

山楂为传统中药,也是保健食品山楂饼等的主要原料,通过对一些省、市、县的商品药材山楂及其原植物的调查,发现中药山楂的原植物有5种1变种,他们是:山楂、山里红(变种)、野山楂、云南山楂、光萼林檎(新种)和台湾林檎,均隶属于蔷薇科。本文提供中药山楂原植物分种检索表,新分类群的描述,药材性状主要鉴别特征和资源分布等。     

台湾林檎生长发育生物学特性的观察研究

台湾林檎（Ｍａｌｕｓｄｏｕｍｅｒｉ（Ｂｏｉｓ．）ｃｈｅｖ．）是蔷薇科苹果属植物。主要对其生长发育生物学特性进行了研究,掌握它的生长发育规律,为进一步的开发利用提供参考。     

我国苹果属资源现代分布调查初报

种质资源是农业生物资源的重要组成部分。我国是苹果属植物的起源演化中心之一,加强我国苹果种质资源调查与收集,可以丰富我国苹果资源保存的多样性。国家果树种质苹果圃于2005-2016年开展了我国西北、华北、西南、东北和华东苹果属植物集中分布地区的调查和收集,旨在进一步摸清家底,扩展我国苹果属种质资源的保存类型和数量,为保护利用及科学研究提供基础资料。调查结果表明:我国苹果属种质资源类型多样,分布广泛,新收集资源621份,西北、西南和东北地区的苹果野生种资源丰富,地方品种少量分布;华北地区以地方品种为主,野生种类型较少。目前野生资源集中分布面积逐年减少,由先前的大范围散落分布逐渐转变为小面积集中分布;地方品种面临的问题较多,砍伐频发,流失严重。以连续11年的苹果属种质资源调查为依据,提出苹果资源收集保存面临的问题,并提出建议。     

Two new species of Stemphylium from Northwest China

During surveys of hyphomycetes from the Northwest of China, two undescribed taxa of Stemphylium were discovered from diseased leaves of Malus sieversii and Pyrus sinkiangensis in Sinkiang Province, which are described as S. mali and S. pyrinum. The two species differ from similar species morphologically.     

Phylogeny of the Malus (apple tree) species,inferred from its morphological traits and molecular DNA analysis

Some debated issues of the genus Malus (apple) taxonomy were examined using a variety of species from the collection of the Maikop Experimental Station, Vavilon Research Institute of Plant Industry (Krasnodar krai). Phylogenetic relationships among these species were studied using traditional analysis of morphological traits, RAPD, and complete sequencing of the 5'-internal transcribed spacer (ITS1), 5.8S rRNA, 3'-internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) (constituting a cluster of the rRNA genes), and the terminal fragment of the matK gene encoding chloroplast maturase. The results showed that the Sorbomalus section was polyphyletic; the American apple M. fusca was closely related to the species contributing to the East Asian center of the genus origin, and the American species M. angustifolia, M. coronaria, and M. ioensis were closely related to the M. trilobata relict species, whose assignment to the genus Malus is debated by some authors. Molecular analysis of the species relationships showed that the Middle Asian apple M. sieversii is the species from which apple domestication started.     

The taxonomic accounts of the genus Symmorphus Wesmael (Hymenoptera,Vespidae, Eumeninae) from China,with descriptions of three new species

In this study, we recognize and review a total of 19 species of the genus Symmorphus Wesmael from China. We also provide a key to these species. Three new species are described and illustrated, namely Symmorphus (Symmorphus) tianchiensis Li & Chen, sp. n., S. (S.) cavatus Li & Chen, sp. n., and S. (S.) nigriclypeus Li & Chen, sp. n. The following four species are newly recorded from China: Symmorphus (S.) fuscipes (Herrich-Schaeffer), S. (S.) lucens (Kostylev), S. (S.) sublaevis Kostylev, and S. (S.) violaceipennis Giordani Soika. In addition, we map the species geographical distributions in China of these 19 species. Type specimens of these three new species are deposited in Chongqing Normal University and Yunnan Agricultural University.     

The apple FERONIA receptor-like kinase MdMRLK2 negatively regulates Valsa canker resistance by suppressing defence responses and hypersensitive reaction

Valsa canker, caused by the fungus Valsa mali, is one of the most destructive diseases of apple trees in China and other East Asian countries. The plant receptor-like kinase FERONIA is involved in plant cell growth, development, and immunity. However, little is known about the function of FERONIA in apple defence against V. mali. In this study, we found that MdMRLK2 was highly induced by V. mali in twigs of V. mali-susceptible Malus mellana but not in those of the resistant species Malus yunnaensis. 35S:MdMRLK2 apple plants showed compromised resistance relative to wild-type (WT) plants. Further analyses indicated that 35S:MdMRLK2 apple plants had enhanced abscisic acid (ABA) levels and reduced salicylic acid (SA) levels relative to the WT on V. mali infection. MdMRLK2 overexpression also suppressed polyphenol accumulation and inhibited the activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), β-1,3-glucanase (GLU), and chitinase (CHT) during V. mali infection. Moreover, MdMRLK2 interacted with MdHIR1, a hypersensitive-induced response protein, and suppressed the MdHIR1-mediated hypersensitive reaction (HR), probably by impairing MdHIR1 self-interaction. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that overexpression of MdMRLK2 compromises Valsa canker resistance, probably by (a) altering ABA and SA levels, (b) suppressing polyphenol accumulation, (c) inhibiting PAL, GLU, and CHT activities, and (d) blocking MdHIR1-mediated HR by disrupting MdHIR1 self-interaction.     

New insight into the history of domesticated apple: secondary contribution of the European wild apple to the genome of cultivated varieties

The apple is the most common and culturally important fruit crop of temperate areas. The elucidation of its origin and domestication history is therefore of great interest. The wild Central Asian species Malus sieversii has previously been identified as the main contributor to the genome of the cultivated apple (Malus domestica), on the basis of morphological, molecular, and historical evidence. The possible contribution of other wild species present along the Silk Route running from Asia to Western Europe remains a matter of debate, particularly with respect to the contribution of the European wild apple. We used microsatellite markers and an unprecedented large sampling of five Malus species throughout Eurasia (839 accessions from China to Spain) to show that multiple species have contributed to the genetic makeup of domesticated apples. The wild European crabapple M. sylvestris, in particular, was a major secondary contributor. Bidirectional gene flow between the domesticated apple and the European crabapple resulted in the current M. domestica being genetically more closely related to this species than to its Central Asian progenitor, M. sieversii. We found no evidence of a domestication bottleneck or clonal population structure in apples, despite the use of vegetative propagation by grafting. We show that the evolution of domesticated apples occurred over a long time period and involved more than one wild species. Our results support the view that self-incompatibility, a long lifespan, and cultural practices such as selection from open-pollinated seeds have facilitated introgression from wild relatives and the maintenance of genetic variation during domestication. This combination of processes may account for the diversification of several long-lived perennial crops, yielding domestication patterns different from those observed for annual species.     

中国新纪录属--小裂绵蚜属(同翅目,瘿绵蚜科)

研究了中国瘿绵蚜科Pemphigidae 1新纪录属--小裂绵蚜属Schizoneurella Hille Ris Lambers,1973;记述1新纪录种,印度小裂绵蚜Schizoneurella indica Hille Ris Lambers,1973.标本采自云南省昭通市,该种在苹果Malus pumila根部取食,蚜虫是重要的苹果害虫,可造成较大经济损失.文中提供了各型检索表、形态记述、寄主植物及地理分布,配有形态特征图和野外生态照片.研究标本保存在中国科学院动物研究所动物标本馆和英国自然历史博物馆.