Seohaeicola nanhaiensis sp. nov., A Moderately Halophilic Bacterium Isolated from the Benthic Sediment of South China Sea

An aerobic, Gram-staining negative, non-motile, and rod-shaped bacterial strain, SS011A0-7#2-2^T, was isolated from the sediment of South China Sea with the depth of 1,500 m. Optimum growth occurred at pH 8.0, 30 °C, and 6 % (w/v) NaCl. Strain SS011A0-7#2-2^T did not synthesize bacteriochlorophyll a or carotenoid, neither possess photosynthesis genes. Its genome DNA G+C content was 67.9 mol%. It contained Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone and C_18:1 ω7c (52.3 %) as the major fatty acid. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, unidentified phospholipid, and unidentified aminolipid. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that it was closely related to Seohaeicola saemankumensis SD-15^T, Phaeobacter gallaeciensis BS 107^T and Roseovarius pacificus 81-2^T in Rhodobacteraceae, with the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities being 96.5, 95.7, and 95.6 %, respectively. However, the phylogeny of the 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain SS011A0-7#2-2^T was a member of the genus Seohaeicola. Strain SS011A0-7#2-2^T was moderately halophilic which was different from Seohaeicola saemankumensis SD-15^T, and it showed the enzyme activities and carbon source spectrum significantly different from Seohaeicola saemankumensis SD-15^T. As its physiological and chemotaxinomic properties were different from those of Seohaeicola saemankumensis SD-15^T, strain SS011A0-7#2-2^T represents a novel species of the genus Seohaecola. The name Seohaeicola nanhaiensis sp. nov. is proposed, with strain SS011A0-7#2-2^T (=LMG 27733^T = CGMCC 1.12759^T) as the type strain.     

Rhizobium indicum sp. nov., isolated from root nodules of pea (Pisum sativum) cultivated in the Indian trans-Himalayas

Three strains of rhizobia isolated from effective root nodules of pea (Pisum sativum L.) collected from the Indian trans-Himalayas were characterized using 16S rRNA, atpD and recA genes. Phylogeny of the 16S rRNA genes revealed that the newly isolated strains were members of the genus Rhizobium with ≥99.9% sequence similarity to the members within the “Rhizobium leguminosarum” group. Phylogenetic analyses based on the concatenated sequences of atpD and recA gene, and 92 core genes extracted from the genome sequences indicated that strains JKLM 12A2^T and JKLM 13E are grouped as a separate clade closely related to R. laguerreae FB206^T. In contrast, the strain JKLM 19E was placed with “R. hidalgonense” FH14^T. Whole-genome average nucleotide identity (ANI) values were 97.6% within strains JKLM 12A2^T and JKLM 13E, and less than 94% with closely related species. The digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values were 81.45 within the two strains and less than 54.8% to closely related species. The major cellular fatty acids were C_18:1w7c in summed feature 8, C_{14:0 3OH}/C_{16:1 iso I} in summed feature 2, and C_18:0. The DNA G + C content of JKLM 12A2^T and JKLM 13E was 60.8 mol%. The data on genomic, chemotaxonomic, and phenotypic characteristics indicates that the strains JKLM 12A2^T and JKLM 13E represent a novel species, Rhizobium indicum sp. nov. The type strain is JKLM 12A2^T (= MCC 3961^T = KACC 21380^T = JCM 33658^T). However, the strain JKLM 19E represents a member of “R. hidalgonense” and the symbiovar viciae.     

Evaluation of the Role of Glutathione in the Lead-Induced Toxicity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

A Gram-negative, aerobic, short-rod-shaped, non-motile bacterium designated Rs7^T, was isolated from peat soil collected from Russia and was characterized to determine its taxonomic position. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that the strain Rs7^T belongs to the class Betaproteobacteria. The highest degree of sequence similarities were determined to be with Burkholderia tropica Ppe8^T (98.4 %), Burkholderia unamae MTI-641^T (97.8 %), Burkholderia bannensis E25^T (97.7 %), Burkholderia heleia SA41^T (97.0 %), and Burkholderia sacchari IPT101^T (97.0 %). Chemotaxonomic data revealed that the strain Rs7^T possesses ubiquinone Q-8. The polar lipid profile of strain Rs7^T contained phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, and an unknown amino phospholipid. The predominant fatty acids were C_16:0, C_19:0 cyclo ω8c, and C_17:0 cyclo, all of which corroborated the assignment of the strain to the genus Burkholderia. The DNA G+C content was 63.2 mol%. DNA–DNA hybridization experiments showed less than 37.8 % DNA relatedness with closely related type strains, thus confirming separate species status. The results of physiological and biochemical tests allowed phenotypic differentiation of strain Rs7^T from the members of the genus Burkholderia. Based on these data, Rs7^T (=KEMC 7302-068^T = JCM 18069^T) should be classified as the type strain for a novel Burkholderia species, for which the name Burkholderia humi sp. nov. is proposed.     

Pseudoalteromonas xishaensis sp. nov., isolated from Acanthaster planci in the Xisha islands

A Gram-negative, aerobic, motile by means of single polar flagellum, short rod-shaped marine bacterium, designated strain E418^T, was isolated from the spines on the body surface of starfish Acanthaster planci in the Xisha islands, China. Cells of strain E418^T were found to grow optimally at pH 7–8, at 25–37 °C, and in the presence of 2–5 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on the comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain E418^T is a member of the genus Pseudoalteromonas. The closest relative to this strain was found to be P. ruthenica LMG 19699^T, with a similarity level of 97.7 %. DNA relatedness between the novel isolate and this phylogenetically related species was 57.4 %. Strain E418^T decomposed Tween 80, gelatin, and casein, but was unable to decompose starch and grow on DNase Agar. The cellular fatty acid profile consisted of significant amounts of C16:1ω7c/C16:1ω6c, C18:1ω7c/C18:1ω6c, C16:0, and C17:1ω8c. The G+C content of DNA of this strain was determined to be 46.7 mol%. Phenotypic characteristics, phylogenetic analysis and DNA–DNA relatedness data suggest that strain E418^T represents a novel species of the genus Pseudoalteromonas, for which the name Pseudoalteromonas xishaensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of P. xishaensis is strain E418^T (DSM 25588^T = NBRC 108846^T = CCTCC AB 2011177^T).     

Marinobacter nanhaiticus sp. nov., polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading bacterium isolated from the sediment of the South China Sea

A Gram-negative, rod-shaped, slightly halophilic and facultatively anaerobic bacterium, designated strain D15-8W^T, was isolated from the sediment of the South China Sea. Growth was found to occur optimally at 25 °C, between pH 7.0 and 8.0 and with 1–5 % (w/v) NaCl. The strain was observed to utilize a variety of organic substrates and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as sole carbon sources. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was determined to be 58.7 %. The predominant respiratory quinone was found to be Q-9. The significant fatty acids were determined to be C_16:0, C_16:1 ω9c, C_18:1 ω9c, C_12:0 and C_14:0 3OH. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain D15-8W^T fits within the phylogenetic cluster of the genus Marinobacter and is most closely related to Marinobacter segnicrescens CGMCC 1.6489^T, Marinobacter bryozoorum DSM 15401^T, Marinobacter lacisalsi CECT 7297^T and Marinobacter daqiaonensis CGMCC1.9167^T. The DNA–DNA hybridization values between strain D15-8W^T and the type strains of the most closely related species were 42.3 % (CGMCC 1.6489^T), 39.8 % (DSM 15401^T), 37.3 % (CECT 7297^T) and 35.2 % (CGMCC1.9167^T). The results of this polyphasic study indicate that strain D15-8W^T represents a novel species of the genus Marinobacter, for which the name Marinobacter nanhaiticus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is D15-8W^T (=CGMCC 1.11019^T=KCTC 23749^T).     

Niabella thaonhiensis sp. nov., Isolated From the Forest Soil of Kyonggi University in Korea

Strain NHI-24^T was isolated from forest soil by a polycarbonate membrane transwell plate. It is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacterium. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence data indicated that strain NHI-24^T is closely related to members of the genus Niabella: N. drilacis E90^T (97.7 %), N. tibetensis 15-4^T (96.7 %), N. aurantiaca R2A15-11^T (96.5 %), N. hirudinis E96^T (95.8 %), N. soli JS13-8^T (94.7 %), N. ginsengisoli NBRC106414^T (94.4 %), and N. yanshanensis CCBAU 05354^T (94.2 %). Growth temperatures range widely, from 15 to 37 °C, with 30 °C as the optimum. Salt tolerance ranges from 0 to 2 %. The strain grows at pH 6.5–11.0, with an optimal range of pH 7.0–9.5. Cells produce flexirubin-type pigments, and the predominant menaquinone is MK-7. The major fatty acids of strain NHI-24^T are iso-C_15:0 (36.72 %), iso-C_15:1 G (20.8 %), and summed feature 3 (C_16:1 ω7c/C_16:1 ω6c; 15.2 %). DNA–DNA hybridization values between strain NHI-24^T and members of the genus Niabella range from 37 to 53 %. Based on these results, it is proposed that strain NHI-24^T represents a novel species of the genus Niabella with the name Niabella thaonhiensis (= KACC 17215^T = KEMB 9005-018^T = JCM 18864^T).     

Description of Hymenobacter arizonensis sp. nov. from the southwestern arid lands of the United States of America

Strain OR362-8^T was isolated from a biological soil crust sample collected from the southwestern arid lands of the United States of America, using BG11-PGY medium. Cells of OR362-8^T were found to be rod shaped; occur singly, as pairs and in groups; non-motile; positive for catalase, oxidase, phosphatase and gelatinase; hydrolyze starch; contain iso-C_15:0, anteiso-C_15:0, iso-C_15:1G, C_16:1ω5c and summed feature 3 (C_16:1(ω7c)/iso-C_15:0 2OH as defined by the MIDI system) as the major fatty acids; and MK-7 as the sole respiratory quinone. A BLAST sequence similarity search using 16S rRNA gene sequence of OR362-8^T identified Hymenobacter as the nearest genus with a similarity of 90.4–96.9 %. The phylogenetic analyses based on the phenetic methods UPGMA, NJ, ME and DNA parsimony resulted in the clustering of OR362-8^T with Clade 1 Hymenobacter species represented by Hymenobacter glaciei, Hymenobacter antarcticus, Hymenobacter flocculans, Hymenobacter metalli and Hymenobacter soli with the closest being the Hymenobacter glaciei (96.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). Besides the strong phylogentic affiliation, OR362-8^T also exhibited significant phenotypic and chemotaxonomic differences with the members of Clade 1 Hymenobacter spp. More importantly, the DNA G+C content (mol%) of OR362-8^T is very high (70 %) compared to the nearest species identified by phylogenetic analysis. Based on the phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, OR362-8^T was assigned to a novel species for which we propose here the name Hymenobacter arizonensis sp. nov., with OR362-8^T (=ATCC BAA 1266^T = DSM 17860^T = JCM 13504^T) as the type strain.     

Genome Sequence of the Alkane-Degrading Bacterium Alcanivorax hongdengensis Type Strain A-11-3

Alcanivorax hongdengensis A-11-3^T was isolated from an oil-enriched consortium enriched from the surface seawater of Hong-Deng dock in the Straits of Malacca and Singapore. Strain A-11-3^T can degrade n-alkane and produce a lipopeptide biosurfactant. Here we report the genome of A-11-3^T and the genes associated with alkane degradation.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Mesorhizobium soli</Emphasis> sp. nov., a novel species isolated from the rhizosphere of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Robinia pseudoacacia</Emphasis> L. in South Korea by using a modified culture method

Strain NHI-8^T was isolated from a forest soil sample, collected in South Korea, by using a modified culture method. Comparative analysis of its nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain NHI-8^T belongs to the genus Mesorhizobium and to be closely related to Mesorhizobium chacoense PR5^T (97.32 %). The levels of DNA–DNA relatedness between strain NHI-8^T and reference type strains of the genus Mesorhizobium were 32.28–53.65 %. SDS-PAGE of total soluble proteins and the sequences of the housekeeping genes recA, glnII, and atpD were also used to support the clade grouping in rhizobia. The new strain contained summed feature 8 (57.0 %), cyclo-C_19:0ω8c (17.3 %), and C_18:0 (11.0 %) as the major fatty acids, as in genus Mesorhizobium. The strain contained cardiolipin, phosphatidylglycerol, ornithine-containing lipid, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidyl-N-dimethylethanolamine, and phosphatidylcholine. Morphological and physiological analyses were performed to compare the characteristics of our strain with those of the reference type strains. Based on the results, strain NHI-8^T was determined to represent a novel member of the genus Mesorhizobium, and the name Mesorhizobium soli is proposed. The type strain is NHI-8^T (=KEMB 9005-153^T = KACC 17916^T = JCM 19897^T).     

Complete genome sequence of the cellulolytic planctomycete Telmatocola sphagniphila SP2T and characterization of the first cellulolytic enzyme from planctomycetes

Planctomycetes of the family Gemmataceae are strictly aerobic chemo-organotrophs that display a number of hydrolytic capabilities. A member of this family, Telmatocola sphagniphila SP2^T, is the first described planctomycete with experimentally proven ability for growth on cellulose. In this study, the complete genome sequence of strain SP2^T was obtained and the genome-encoded determinants of its cellulolytic potential were analyzed. The T. sphagniphila SP2^T genome was 6.59 Mb in size and contained over 5200 potential protein-coding genes. The search for enzymes that could be potentially involved in cellulose degradation identified a putative cellulase that contained a domain from the GH44 family of glycoside hydrolases. Homologous enzymes were also revealed in the genomes of two other Gemmataceae planctomycetes, Zavarzinella formosa A10^T and Tuwongella immobilis MBLW1^T. The gene encoding this predicted cellulase in strain SP2^T was expressed in E. coli and the hydrolytic activity of the recombinant enzyme was confirmed in tests with carboxymethyl cellulose but not with crystalline cellulose, xylan, mannan or laminarin. This is the first experimentally characterized cellulolytic enzyme from planctomycetes.     

Rhizobium ruizarguesonis sp. nov., isolated from nodules of Pisum sativum L

Four strains, coded as UPM1132, UPM1133^T, UPM1134 and UPM1135, and isolated from nodules of Pisum sativum plants grown on Ni-rich soils were characterised through a polyphasic taxonomy approach. Their 16S rRNA gene sequences were identical and showed 100% similarity with their closest phylogenetic neighbors, the species included in the ‘R. leguminosarum group’: R. laguerreae FB206^T, R. leguminosarum USDA 2370^T, R. anhuiense CCBAU 23252^T, R. sophoreae CCBAU 03386^T, R. acidisoli FH13^T and R. hidalgonense FH14^T, and 99.6% sequence similarity with R. esperanzae CNPSo 668^T. The analysis of combined housekeeping genes recA, atpD and glnII sequences showed similarities of 92-95% with the closest relatives. Whole genome average nucleotide identity (ANI) values were 97.5-99.7% ANIb similarity among the four strains, and less than 92.4% with closely related species, while digital DNA-DNA hybridization average values (dDDH) were 82-85% within our strains and 34-52% with closely related species. Major fatty acids in strain UPM1133^T were C18:1 ω7c / C18:1 ω6c in summed feature 8, C14:0 3OH/ C16:1 iso I in summed feature 2 and C18:0. Colonies were small to medium, pearl-white coloured in YMA at 28 °C and growth was observed in the ranges 8-34 °C, pH 5.5-7.5 and 0-0.7% (w/v) NaCl. The DNA G + C content was 60.8 mol %. The combined genotypic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data support the classification of strains UPM1132, UPM1133^T, UPM1134 and UPM1135 into a novel species of Rhizobium, for which the name Rhizobium ruizarguesonis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is UPM1133^T (=CECT 9542^T = LMG 30526^T).     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Hymenobacter jeollabukensis</Emphasis> sp. nov., isolated from soil

A Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, rod-shaped, aerobic bacterial strain, designated 1-3-3-8^T, was isolated from soil and characterized taxonomically using a polyphasic approach. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain 1-3-3-8^T belongs to the family Cytophagaceae of phylum Bacteroidetes and is most closely related to Hymenobacter paludis KBP-30^T (96.8% similarity), Hymenobacter ocellatus Myx2105^T (96.8%), Hymenobacter coalescens WW84^T (95.6%), and Hymenobacter deserti ZLB-3^T (95.4%). The G + C content of the genomic DNA of strain 1-3-3-8^T was 63.6 mol%. The isolate contained C_15:0 iso (28.4%), summed feature 4 (C_17:1 anteiso B/C_17:1 iso I; 18.9%), and C_15:0 anteiso (17.6%) as major fatty acids, MK-7 as the predominant respiratory quinone, and sym-homospermidine as the predominant polyamine. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified lipid. The phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data supported the affiliation of strain 1-3-3-8^T with the genus Hymenobacter. The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain 1-3-3-8^T and H. paludis KCTC 32237^T and H. ocellatus DSM 11117^T were 24.5 and 27.4% respectively, clearly showing that the isolate is not related to them at the species level. Overall, the novel strain could be differentiated from its phylogenetic neighbors on the basis of several phenotypic, genotypic, and chemotaxonomic features. Therefore, strain 1-3-3-8^T represents a novel species of the genus Hymenobacter, for which the name Hymenobacter jeollabukensis sp. nov. has been proposed. The type strain is 1-3-3-8^T (= KCTC 52741^T = JCM 32192^T).     

Optimization of a Trap for Tuta absoluta Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) and Trials to Determine the Effectiveness of Mass Trapping

Management of the South American tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta Meyrick, with insecticides has led to the widespread development of insect resistance. Mass trapping using traps baited with the female-produced sex pheromone is an attractive alternative for the management of this pest. The current study evaluated several commercial trap designs for capture of T. absoluta. Based on its small size and ease of handling, the most effective trap is a small plastic container with entry windows cut on the sides filled with motor oil over water. These traps are most effective when placed near ground level. Tests of septa containing 0.1 or 0.2 mg of the pheromone (95:5) E4, Z8-14Ac/E4,Z8,Z11-14Ac were slightly more attractive than septa loaded with 0.5, 1.0, or 2 mg during the first week of use, but the latter three loadings were slightly more attractive than the first two loadings after 9 weeks. Ideal trap baits were loaded with 0.5 mg of pheromone. Higher numbers of T. absoluta were captured near upwind borders of tomato fields suggesting that treatments against T. absoluta should be concentrated near upwind parts of fields. Comparisons of conventional insecticide treatment versus mass trapping to manage T. absoluta damage in three different test sites showed that even when initial captures in monitoring traps were high (>35 males trap^?1 day^?1), mass trapping at 48 traps/ha reduced leaf damage more efficiently than conventional insecticide treatment. Based on the typical insecticide recommendations against T. absoluta, mass trapping is an economically viable alternative.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Larkinella terrae</Emphasis> sp. nov., isolated from soil on Jeju Island,South Korea

A Gram-stain negative, non-motile, rod-shaped, aerobic bacterium, designated 15J8-8^T, was isolated from a soil sample collected on Jeju Island, South Korea, and characterized taxonomically using a polyphasic approach. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain 15J8-8^T belongs to the family Cytophagaceae and is related to Larkinella bovis M2TB15^T (95.0%), ‘Larkinella harenae’ 15J9-9 (94.5%), Larkinella arboricola Z0532^T (93.2%), and Larkinella insperata LMG 22510^T (93.0%). The DNA G+C content of strain 15J8-8^T was 50.5 mol%. The detection of phosphatidylethanolamine and two unidentified polar lipids as major polar lipids; menaquinone-7 as the predominant quinone; and C_16:1 ω5c, C_16:0 N alcohol, and iso-C_15:0 as the major fatty acids also supported the affiliation of the isolate to the genus Larkinella. Based on its phenotypic properties and phylogenetic distinctiveness, strain 15J8-8^T should be classified in the genus Larkinella as representative of a novel species, for which the name Larkinella terrae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 15J8-8^T (= KCTC 52001^T = JCM 31990^T).     

Genome Sequence of an Alkane-Degrading Bacterium,Alcanivorax pacificus Type Strain W11-5, Isolated from Deep Sea Sediment

Alcanivorax pacificus W11-5^T was isolated from a pyrene-degrading consortium, enriched from the deep sea sediment of the Pacific Ocean. Strain W11-5^T can degrade various n-alkanes. Here we report the draft genome of W11-5^T and genes associated with alkane degradation.     

Devosia epidermidihirudinis sp. nov. isolated from the surface of a medical leech

A Gram-negative, rod-shaped organism, isolated from the surface of the medical leech Hirudo verbana was characterized phenotypically and genotypically. The calculated 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to those of the most closely related species grouped strain E84^T into the genus Devosia showing the highest similarities to Devosia limi (98.1 %), followed by Devosia psychrophila (97.9 %), Devosia neptuniae (97.3 %), and Devosia glacialis (97.5 %). Chemotaxonomic analyses showed that the major quinone was ubiquinone Q-10. The polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and three glycolipids. The major fatty acid profile consisted of C_18:1 ω7c 11-methyl, C_19:0 cyclo ω8c, and C_16:0, C_18:0 and C_18:1 ω7c with C_18:0 3OH as hydroxylated fatty acid. This profile is very similar to those of the patterns reported for the already described Devosia species. The results of DNA–DNA hybridization, physiological and biochemical tests allowed both genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of strain E84^T from all other Devosia species suggesting a novel species for which the name Devosia epidermidihirudinis sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain E84^T (=CIP 110375^T = LMG 26909^T = CCM 8398^T).     

Ensifer shofinae sp. nov., a novel rhizobial species isolated from root nodules of soybean (Glycine max)

Two bacterial strains isolated from root nodules of soybean were characterized phylogenetically as members of a distinct group in the genus Ensifer based on 16S rRNA gene comparisons. They were also verified as a separated group by the concatenated sequence analyses of recA, atpD and glnII (with similarities ≤93.9% to the type strains for defined species), and by the average nucleotide identities (ANI) between the whole genome sequence of the representative strain CCBAU 251167^T and those of the closely related strains in Ensifer glycinis and Ensifer fredii (90.5% and 90.3%, respectively). Phylogeny of symbiotic genes (nodC and nifH) grouped these two strains together with some soybean-nodulating strains of E. fredii, E. glycinis and Ensifer sojae. Nodulation tests indicated that the representative strain CCBAU 251167^T could form root nodules with capability of nitrogen fixing on its host plant and Glycine soja, Cajanus cajan, Vigna unguiculata, Phaseolus vulgaris and Astragalus membranaceus, and it formed ineffective nodules on Leucaena leucocephala. Strain CCBAU 251167^T contained fatty acids 18:1 ω9c, 18:0 iso and 20:0, differing from other related strains. Utilization of l-threonine and d-serine as carbon source, growth at pH 6.0 and intolerance of 1% (w/v) NaCl distinguished strain CCBAU 251167^T from other type strains of the related species. The genome size of CCBAU 251167^T was 6.2 Mbp, comprising 7,581 predicted genes with DNA G+C content of 59.9 mol% and 970 unique genes. Therefore, a novel species, Ensifer shofinae sp. nov., is proposed, with CCBAU 251167^T (=ACCC 19939^T = LMG 29645^T) as type strain.     

Hyphomonas beringensis sp. nov. and Hyphomonas chukchiensis sp. nov., isolated from surface seawater of the Bering Sea and Chukchi Sea

Two Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, oval to pear shaped motile strains, designated 25B14_1^T and BH-BN04-4^T, isolated from surface seawater from the Bering Sea and Chukchi Sea, respectively, were subjected to polyphasic taxonomic study. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that strains 25B14_1^T and BH-BN04-4^T clustered together with Hyphomonas atlanticus 22II1-22F38^T and Hyphomonas oceanitis DSM 5155^T, respectively, within genus Hyphomonas. Based on whole genome sequence analysis, the calculated DDH and ANIm values between strain 25B14_1^T and BH-BN04-4^T are 18.8 and 83.19 % respectively. The calculated DDH values of strain 25B14_1^T and BH-BN04-4^T with seven type strains ranged from 18.2 to 19.9 % and from 18.4 to 40.4 %, respectively. The ANIm values of strain 25B14_1^T and BH-BN04-4^T with seven type strains ranged from 83.00 to 84.67 % and from 83.14 to 90.58 %, respectively. Both isolates were found to contain Q-11 as the predominant respiratory quinone. The major fatty acids of strain 25B14_1^T were identified as C_16:0, C_17:0, C_18:1 ω7c-methyl and Summed Feature 8 (C_18:1 ω6c/ω7c as defined by MIDI), while in the case of strain BH-BN04-4^T they were identified as C_16:0, C_18:1 ω7c-methyl and Summed Feature 8 (C_18:1 ω6c/ω7c). The G+C contents of 25B14_1^T and BH-BN04-4^T were determined to be 58.4 and 61.0 mol%, respectively. The combined phenotypic and genotypic data show that the two isolates each represent novel species of the genus Hyphomonas, for which the names Hyphomonas beringensis sp. nov. and Hyphomonas chukchiensis sp. nov. are proposed, with the type strain 25B14_1^T (=MCCC 1A07321^T = LMG 27914^T) and BH-BN04-4^T (=MCCC 1A07481^T = LMG 27915^T), respectively.