基孔肯雅病毒与基孔肯雅热

基孔肯雅热(chikungunya fever)是由基孔肯雅病毒(chikungunya virus)引起的一种蚊媒传染病,感染率高,可引起持续的关节症状。近几年来,基孔肯雅热暴发次数增加,流行范围不断扩大,全球范围内每年可导致100万人感染。同时,基孔肯雅病毒中某些基因突变使其可有效通过白纹伊蚊传播,不仅对热带和亚热带地区,还对白纹伊蚊广泛存在的温带地区的民众构成了潜在威胁。     

基孔肯雅病毒疫苗的研究进展

基孔肯雅热是由基孔肯雅病毒(Chikungunya virus,CHIKV)引起的一种急性传染病。基孔肯雅病毒属披膜病毒科甲病毒属。近年来,该病毒死灰复燃,在全球多处引发大规模疫情暴发,是重要的全球性公共卫生问题之一。目前尚无针对CHIKV的疫苗和有效抗病毒药物。疫苗一直是CHIKV研究的热点领域,目前已经取得了很大的进展,就基孔肯雅病毒疫苗的研究进展进行了综述。     

广州首起输入性基孔肯雅热的调查分析

广州网络报告的疑似"登革热"患者经广州市疾病预防控制中心流行病学调查、血清学检测、病原学分离培养等做出的诊断为首例输入性基孔肯雅热。又经中国疾病预防控制中心和广东省疾病预防控制中心对疑似基孔肯雅热患者作进一步基孔肯雅病毒抗体和核酸等检测,并对扩增出的基孔肯雅病毒特异性片段进行了序列测定和分析。核苷酸同源性比较显示,E2区(336nt)和NS1区(314nt)的核苷酸序列与意大利基孔肯雅病毒分离株ITA07-RA1及多株印度的基孔肯雅病毒分离株的序列高度同源(98%以上)。根据现场流行病学和实验流行病学的调查结果,可以确认这例疑似境外感染的输入性登革热实为基孔肯雅热病例,也是中国首例输入性基孔肯雅热病例。     

基孔肯雅病毒浓缩提纯及多肽抗原研究

采用聚乙二醇(PEG 6000)沉淀法(粗提)和蔗糖密度梯度速率区带离心(精提)浓缩纯化基孔肯雅病毒获得满意效果。以SDS-PAGE和免疫印迹法分析基孔肯雅病毒结构蛋白的组成及抗原性。结果证实:基孔肯雅病毒含有三种结构蛋白(E_1、E_2和C),另一种病毒特异性蛋白E_3与完整毒粒无结构上的联系;病毒粗提样品与精提样品的免疫印迹结果基本一致,尽管在SDS-PAGE图谱上二者相差甚大,因而就某些研究或应用目的而言,病毒的纯化程序可简化。文中初步探讨了以基孔肯雅病毒包膜糖蛋白为特异性抗原用于流行病学调查和临床     

基孔肯雅病毒囊膜蛋白假病毒模型的构建

目的:以HIV为骨架构建单次复制性的含基孔肯雅病毒囊膜蛋白的假病毒模型,观察其对哺乳动物细胞的侵染性。方法:PCR合成基孔肯雅病毒囊膜蛋白基因,克隆到真核表达载体上,与HIV慢病毒包装系统质粒共转染293FT细胞,48 h后收培养上清,在8μg/mL Polybrene存在下感染293FT细胞,感染48 h后在荧光显微镜下观察结果。结果:PCR合成了基孔肯雅病毒囊膜蛋白基因并克隆到真核表达载体上,测序结果正确;共转染293FT细胞后,检测到基孔肯雅病毒囊膜蛋白的表达并包装成假病毒,感染新鲜293FT细胞后能够检测到绿色荧光蛋白。结论:合成的基孔肯雅病毒囊膜蛋白基因能正确表达并包装成假病毒,含基孔肯雅病毒囊膜蛋白的假病毒能感染293FT细胞并表达绿色荧光蛋白,可用该假病毒模型进一步研究基孔肯雅病毒的感染性,筛选评价抗基孔肯雅病毒药物。     

基孔肯雅热

基孔肯雅热(Chikungunya fever,CHIK)是由基孔肯雅病毒(Chikungunya virus,CHIKV)病毒引起的,伊蚊叮咬传播的,以发热、关节疼痛等为主要特征的自限性传染性疾病。1952年在坦桑尼亚发生的暴发流行中首次分离CHIKV[1-2],亚洲地区于     

基孔肯雅病毒和辛德毕斯病毒可视化基因芯片与荧光基因芯片的建立

根据GenBank中收录的基孔肯雅病毒和辛德毕斯病毒E蛋白基因序列,设计及筛选针对2种病毒的寡核苷酸探针及引物,制备基孔肯雅病毒与辛德毕斯病毒可视化基因芯片与荧光基因芯片,对芯片的灵敏性、特异性进行了验证,并将可视化基因芯片、荧光基因芯片进行灵敏性比较.结果显示,制备的两种基因芯片都能检测到基孔肯雅病毒和辛德毕斯病毒特异性杂交信号.可视化基因芯片、荧光基因芯片检测两种病毒质粒的灵敏度达到9.1×103 copies/mL, 6.8×101 copies/mL和9.1×104 copies/mL, 6.8×103 copies/mL,与普通PCR比较差异显著. 荧光基因芯片灵敏度是PCR方法的10倍,可视化基因芯片是荧光基因芯片灵敏度的100倍. 模拟病毒检测过程特异性检验证明,可视化基因芯片都具有良好的特异性.本试验建立了基孔肯雅病毒与辛德毕斯病毒两种特异的可视化和荧光基因芯片检测方法,两种方法灵敏度高、特异性强,适用于基孔肯雅病毒与辛德毕斯病毒的流行病学调查和种特异性鉴定.     

两例输入性登革病毒合并基孔肯雅病毒感染实验室检测

对不明原因发热病人开展登革病毒和基孔肯雅病毒合并感染的检测,明确合并感染的可能性,为防御这两种虫媒传染病的传播提供依据。通过流行病史调查,临床症状和实验室检测对两名从泰国普吉岛旅行归来的发热病人进行了登革病毒和基孔肯雅病毒感染的诊断。两名患者在泰国旅行停留10天,在此期间两人均有蚊虫叮咬史。回国3天后两患者相继出现高热症状(39℃以上),且伴有皮疹,肌肉酸痛和乏力。实验室血常规检测发现轻度血小板降低伴淋巴细胞减少,登革病毒IgG/IgM快速诊断试剂盒检测发现一名患者登革病毒IgM阳性。实时荧光RT-PCR检测证实两患者血液中登革病毒和基孔肯雅病毒核酸均阳性,同时用RT-PCR方法扩增获得了登革病毒C-prM蛋白部分基因,经测序和同源性分析,证实感染登革病毒属于Ⅰ型登革热病毒。这是我国首次出现的输入性登革病毒合并基孔肯雅病毒感染病例,本研究建议对流行病史和临床症状满足的病例要同时进行两种病毒的实验室检测。     

树鼩实验感染基孔肯雅病毒的研究

选用3株基孔肯雅病毒人工感染成年树鼩,进行了病毒血症、抗体动态变化、内脏组织病理改变和病毒在宿主体内定位的研究。结果表明,感染树鼩能产生2～6天的病毒血症。血凝抑制(Hi)抗体第6天产生,第30～50天达高峰:中和(NT)抗体在第10天产生,第30～40天达高峰,二者相关性非常显著(P<0.01)。补体结合(CF)抗体第14天产生,第40～50天为高峰,以后逐渐下降。第8～12天能在其脑、肺、肝、脾和肾等组织查到病毒,经病理检查这些内脏组织呈炎性改变和出血倾向,表明该病毒能侵袭树鼩各主要脏器。试验认为树鼩对基孔肯雅病毒敏感。     

云南基孔肯雅病毒生物学性状的研究

本文对分离自云南的基孔肯雅病毒进行了生物学特性研究。实验证明基孔肯雅病毒对乳鼠有强而稳定的致病性,对C6/36,BHK21及Vero细胞有致病变作用,能与鹅和鸽红细胞凝集,最适pH5.75。电镜观察病毒呈圆形,有膜,外径66.8nm,内径47.7nm。交互血凝抑制及中和试验表明,云南毒株之间或与国外原株在抗原性上无明显差别,为同一血清型,并与同亚组病毒反应较弱,与其它虫媒病毒无交叉。本文还讨论了云南株与国外原株在某些生物学特性方面的异同。     

CHIKVPRO - a protein sequence annotation database for chikungunya virus

In the recent past, there has been a resurgence of interest in Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) attributed to massive outbreaks of Chikungunya fever in the South-East Asia Region. This has reflected in substantial increase in submission of CHIKV genome sequences to NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information) database. Hereby we submit a database "CHIKVPRO" containing structural and functional annotation of Chikungunya virus proteins (25 strains) submitted in the NCBI repository. The CHIKV genome encodes for 9 proteins:4 non-structural and 5 structural. The CHIKVPRO database aims to provide the virology community with a single accession authoritative resource for CHIKV proteome- with reference to physiochemical and molecular properties, proteolytic cleavage sites, hydrophobicity, transmembrane prediction, and classification into functional families using SVMProt and other Expasy tools. AVAILABILITY: The database is freely available at http://www.chikvpro.info/     

Development of a theoretical model for the inhibition of nsP3 protease of Chikungunya virus using pyranooxazoles

Abstract

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) causes Chikungunya fever (CHIKF) and till date no effective medicine for its cure is available in market. Different research groups find various possible interactions between small molecules and non-structural proteins, viz. nsP3, one of the most important viral elements in CHIKV. In this work, authors have studied the interactions of nsP3 protease of CHIKV with pyranooxazoles. Initially, a one-pot three-component reaction was designed using oxazolidine-2,4-dione, benzaldehyde and cyanoethylacetate to get a proposed biological active molecule, i.e. based on pyranooxazoles. The mechanism for the synthesis of the product based on pyranooxazole was studied through density functional theory (DFT) using Gaussian. Then, a library of the obtained pyranooxazole was created through computational tools by varying the substituents. Further, virtual screening of the designed library of pyranooxazoles (200 compounds) against nsP3 protease of CHIKV was performed. Herein, CMPD 104 showed strongest binding affinity toward the targeted nsP3 protease of CHIKV, based on the least binding energy obtained from docking. Based on docking results, the pharmacological, toxicity, biological score and Lipinski’s filters were studied. Further, DFT studies of top five compounds were done using Gaussian. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation of nsP3 protease of CHIKV with and without 104 was performed using AMBER18 utilizing ff14SB force field in three steps (minimization, equilibration and production). This work is emphasized to designing of one-pot three-component synthesis and to develop a theoretical model to inhibit the nsP3 protease of CHIKV. Abbreviations CHIKF Chikungunya fever

CHIKV Chikungunya virus

DFT density functional theory

DS Discovery Studio

MD molecular dynamics

MM-GBSA molecular mechanics-generalized born surface area

MMV Molegro molecular viewer

Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma     

基孔肯亚病毒垂直传播的研究进展

基孔肯亚病毒(chikungunya virus,CHIKV)是一种由埃及伊蚊和白纹伊蚊传播的蚊媒病毒,属于披膜病毒科甲病毒属.从2005年起,CHIKV在非洲、亚洲和美洲多次发生大规模疫情,其感染率较高,能引起发热性疾病,常伴有关节炎,关节炎症状可维持数月甚至数年,对患者生活和社会生产造成极大影响.除了蚊媒传播,妊娠...     

Development of a Specific CHIKV-E2 Monoclonal Antibody for Chikungunya Diagnosis

Chikungunya fever is a vector-borne viral disease transmitted to humans by chikungunya virus(CHIKV)-infected mosquitoes. There have been many outbreaks of CHIKV infection worldwide, and the virus poses ongoing risks to global health. To prevent and control CHIKV infection, it is important to improve the current CHIKV diagnostic approaches to allow for the detection of low CHIKV concentrations and to correctly distinguish CHIKV infections from those due to other mosquito-transmitted viruses, including dengue virus(DENV), Japanese encephalitis virus(JEV), and Zika virus(ZIKV). Here, we produced monoclonal antibodies(mAbs) against the CHIKV envelope 2 protein(CHIKV-E2) and compared their sensitivity and specificity with commercially available m Abs using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays(ELISA). Two anti-CHIKV-E2 mAbs, 19-1 and 21-1, showed higher binding affinities to CHIKV-E2 protein than the commercial mAbs did. In particular, the 19-1 m Ab had the strongest binding affinity to inactivated CHIKV. Moreover, the 19-1 mAb had very little cross-reactivity with other mosquito-borne viruses, such as ZIKV, JEV, and DENV. These results suggest that the newly produced anti-CHIKV-E2 mAb, 19-1, could be used for CHIKV diagnostic approaches.     

In Vitro Inhibition of Alphaviruses by Lycorine

Virologica Sinica - Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-borne alphavirus. As an emerging virus, CHIKV imposes a threat to public health. Currently, there are no vaccines or antivirals available...     

Differential proteome analysis of Chikungunya virus-infected new-born mice tissues reveal implication of stress, inflammatory and apoptotic pathways in disease pathogenesis

Chikungunya infection is a major disease of public health concern. The recurrent outbreaks of this viral disease and its progressive evolution demands a potential strategy to understand major aspects of its pathogenesis. Unlike other alphaviruses, Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) pathogenesis is poorly understood. In every consecutive outbreak, some new symptoms associated with virulence and disease manifestations are being reported such as neurological implication, increased severity and enhanced vector competence. In order to unravel the mechanism of the disease process, proteomic analysis was performed to evaluate the host response in CHIKV-infected mice tissues. Comparative analysis of the multiple gels representing the particular tissue extract from mock and CHIKV-infected tissues revealed a drastic reprogramming of physiological conditions through 35 and 15 differentially expressed proteins belonging to different classes such as stress, inflammation, apoptosis, urea cycle, energy metabolism, etc. from liver and brain, respectively. Based on the alterations obtained in the CHIKV mouse model, most of the aspects of CHIKV infection such as disease severity, neurological complications, disease susceptibility and immunocompetence could be defined. This is the first report unravelling the complicated pathways involved in the mechanism of Chikungunya disease pathogenesis employing proteomic approach.     

Regulatory T cells in acute and chronic human Chikungunya infection

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection generates strong immune responses that are associated with the disease pathophysiology. Regulatory T cells (Treg-cluster of differentiation (CD)-4⁺CD25^highforkhead box P3 (FOXP3⁺)) are essential for the induction and maintenance of peripheral tolerance. Thus, they play key roles in determining the patient prognosis by preventing excessive immune responses via different suppression immune mechanisms. However, the regulatory mechanisms involved in human CHIKV infection are still poorly understood. Here, we characterize for the first time the Treg cell molecule-associated-mechanism during acute and chronic human Chikungunya disease. Here, we assessed the Treg cell population and molecule-associated mechanism in the peripheral blood samples of acute and chronic patients with Chikungunya. Our results indicate that CHIKV infection is associated with reduced frequency of Tregs, along with the impaired expression and production of Treg functional markers, including CD39, CD73, perforin, granzyme, programmed death 1 (PD-1), cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen (CTLA)-4, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β. This observation suggests that Treg cells possess the poor regulatory capacity in both acute and chronic phases of the disease. Taken together, these data provide significant evidence that the imbalanced response of Treg cells plays an essential role in establishing the pathogenesis of Chikungunya.     

Analysis of latent CHIKV dynamics models with general incidence rate and time delays

In this paper, we study the stability analysis of latent Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) dynamics models. The incidence rate between the CHIKV and the uninfected monocytes is modelled by a general nonlinear function which satisfies a set of conditions. The model is incorporated by intracellular discrete or distributed time delays. Using the method of Lyapunov function, we established the global stability of the steady states of the models. The theoretical results are confirmed by numerical simulations.