仿生技术在合成农药中的应用进展

仿生学是近年来发展起来的工程技术与生物科学相结合的交叉学科.人们发现,一些关于植物和动物的相类似的功能,实际上是超越了人类自身在此方面的技术设计方案的.植物、动物和微生物在几百万年的自然进化当中不仅完全适应了自然,而且其适应程度接近完美.仿生学试图在技术方面模仿动物和植物在自然中的功能,而仿生技术在生物学和技术之间架起了一座桥梁,并且对解决技术难题提供了帮助.通过再现生物学的原理,人类不仅找到了技术上的解决方案,而且同时该方案也完全适应了自然的需要.仿生学的目的就是分析生物过程和结构,并把得到的分析结果用于未来的设计.     

生命科学与仿生学

仿生学(Bionics)是1960年由美国斯蒂尔博士提出的从生物界发现机理来解决人类技术上问题的一门综合性的交叉学科,是利用自然生物系统构造和生命活动过程作为技术创新设计的标准,有意识地进行复制,它使人类社会逐步由向自然索取转入向自然界学习和创造世界的新纪元。国际上有声誉的动物学家Wemer Nachtigall博士提出仿生学就是     

仿生学的现状和未来

文章以机器人技术的发展、“荷叶效应”与“非光滑表面理论”的发现为例,介绍了仿生学在当前的蓬勃发展;以诱导动物运动的研究、神经工程学的建立和隐形技术的发展等,介绍了仿生学对生物学科与工程技术发展的促进;论述了仿生学对未来经济发展的重要性。     

昆虫与仿生学浅淡

昆虫个体小,种类和数量庞大,占现存动物的75%以上,遍布全世界.它们有各自的生存绝技,有些技能连人类也自叹不如.人们对自然资源的利用范围越来越广泛,特别是仿生学方面的任何成就,都来自生物的某种特性,本文简要介绍昆虫与仿生学.     

昆虫资源利用及其产业化进展

主要从食用昆虫、饲用昆虫、药用昆虫、工业原料昆虫、传粉昆虫、观赏娱乐昆虫、天敌昆虫、环保昆虫以及昆虫生物反应器和昆虫在仿生学上的应用等方面全面综述了昆虫资源的利用及其产业化进展.     

我国生物物理学的奠基与交叉学科的建立

20世纪50年代上半叶,生物物理学作为一门新的独立学科应运而生.1958年,以中国科学院生物物理研究所的成立为主要标志,开始了我国生物物理学的发展历程.本文将介绍我国生物物理学科的奠基与前期发展,以及放射生物学、生物控制论、宇宙生物学和仿生学等交叉学科的建立过程.     

昆虫的复眼

主要对昆虫复眼的结构、功能及其应用和仿生学研究进展进行简单介绍.     

纳米生物仿生技术研究进展

纳米生物仿生学是一门新兴的交叉学科,它集仿生、纳米技术、生物技术及新材料科学于一身,是仿生学研究的一个重要分支,是材料领域一个重要的、前瞻性的研究方向.本文重点综述了国内外纳米生物仿生技术领域最新研究进展,着重介绍了纳米生物仿生技术在仿生矿化、仿生DNA纳米机器、仿生智能纳米通道、仿免疫细胞生物黏附、仿生人造血管和仿生人造器官芯片等方面的应用,并详细阐述了这些材料的结构特点,最后对纳米生物仿生技术的未来发展方向进行了展望.     

仿生学与新药开发

仿生学与新药开发罗光明（江西省中医学院,南昌３３０００６）仿生学是１９６０年正式诞生的一门综合性的边缘科学。它主要研究生物系统的结构性质、能量转换和信息过程,并将所获得的知识用来改善现有的或创造崭新的机械、仪器、建筑结构和工艺过程,或用于人类的治病防...     

刊首语

从20世纪60年代Clark和Lyon提出生物传感器的设想开始,生物传感器的发展距今已有几十年的历史了。生物传感器与生物信息学、生物芯片、生物控制论、仿生学、生物计算机等学科共同处在生命科学和信息科学的交叉领域,又因其具有选择性好、灵敏度高、分析速度快、成本低、在复杂体系中能连续监测的特点,在近几十年获得了蓬勃而迅速的发展。     

Interspecific brood parasitism in galliform birds

Mode of development in birds helps determine the form of brood parasitism a species exhibits. Most knowledge of precocial brood parasites comes from a single avian family, the waterfowl (Anatidae: Anseriformes). Here we review cases of interspecific brood parasitism (IBP) in a second group of precocial birds, the order Galliformes. IBP is uncommon but taxonomically widespread, occurring in at least 11 species and in four of five galliform families. By far the most common brood parasite is the Ring-necked Pheasant Phasianus colchicus . Hosts were generally other ground-nesting precocial species. It is unclear whether the absence of IBP in the Cracidae (Guans, Curassows, and Chachalacas) is due to the paucity of research on tropical gamebirds or because tropical birds such as the Cracidae may be less likely to practise IBP. Galliform birds mirror the trend found in ducks in which virtually all species that parasitize heterospecifics are also conspecific brood parasites (CBP). This association supports the hypothesis that IBP as an adaptive tactic or strategy may evolve from CBP. Alternatively, or additionally, egg-dumping may represent reproductive error on the part of females, such that concordance between CBP and IBP could be a byproduct of having sufficient knowledge of breeding biology only for a subset of galliform species.     

Possible role of horizontal gene transfer in the colonization of sea ice by algae

Diatoms and other algae not only survive, but thrive in sea ice. Among sea ice diatoms, all species examined so far produce ice-binding proteins (IBPs), whereas no such proteins are found in non-ice-associated diatoms, which strongly suggests that IBPs are essential for survival in ice. The restricted occurrence also raises the question of how the IBP genes were acquired. Proteins with similar sequences and ice-binding activities are produced by ice-associated bacteria, and so it has previously been speculated that the genes were acquired by horizontal transfer (HGT) from bacteria. Here we report several new IBP sequences from three types of ice algae, which together with previously determined sequences reveal a phylogeny that is completely incongruent with algal phylogeny, and that can be most easily explained by HGT. HGT is also supported by the finding that the closest matches to the algal IBP genes are all bacterial genes and that the algal IBP genes lack introns. We also describe a highly freeze-tolerant bacterium from the bottom layer of Antarctic sea ice that produces an IBP with 47% amino acid identity to a diatom IBP from the same layer, demonstrating at least an opportunity for gene transfer. Together, these results suggest that the success of diatoms and other algae in sea ice can be at least partly attributed to their acquisition of prokaryotic IBP genes.     

A method for the calculation of induced band power: implications for the significance of brain oscillations

A method for the calculation of significant changes in induced band power (IBP) is presented. In contrast to traditional measures of event-related band power (ERBP) which are composed of evoked and not evoked EEG components, the proposed measure for IBP is deprived from phase locked (or evoked) EEG activity. It is assumed that changes in IBP reflect the modulation of brain oscillations that are largely independent from ERPs. The results of a visual oddball task show that significant changes in IBP can be observed in response to the presentation of a warning signal (preceding a target or nontarget) and the imperative stimulus (i.e. a target or nontarget) in the α, θ and δ band. Only a few significant changes in IBP were obtained for the warning signal in the θ band although highly significant changes in ERBP were found. Our findings document that changes in IBP may be considered a phenomenon that is largely independent from the occurrence of ERPs. They underline the significance of oscillatory processes and suggest that induced rhythms are modulated by stimuli and/or events in a not phase locked way.     

Composition and bioactivity of polysaccharides from Inula britannica flower

In this paper, the composition and biological activities of polysaccharides from Inula britannica flower IBP obtained by water extraction were investigated. The properties and chemical compositions of IBP were analyzed with HPLC and IR methods. The results showed that IBP consisted of two kinds of polysaccharides with the molecular weight of 3500Da, 700Da. IBP consisted of mannose, glucuronic acid, rhamnose, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose, arabinose with a molar ratio of 4.1:1:1.4:2.7:14.6:6.3:7.9. The IR spectrum of IBP revealed the typical characteristics of polysaccharides and protein. IBP was administered orally at three doses [100, 200 and 400mg/kg body weight] for 14 days to the diabetic mice induced by alloxan. The body weight, plasma glucose, serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and liver glycogen were evaluated in normal and alloxan-induced diabetic mice. IBP could dose-dependently significantly increase the body weight of diabetic mice, and reverse the decrease of plasma glucose, glycogen and the decrease of blood lipid of diabetic mice as compared to those in control group. These results indicated that IBP could be developed to a potential anti-diabetic drug in the future.     

Isolation and characterization of a low-molecular-weight immunoglobulin-binding protein from Yersinia pseudotuberculosis

A low-molecular-weight immunoglobulin-binding protein (IBP) bound with the cell envelope has been isolated from Yersinia pseudotuberculosis cells and partially characterized. This IBP is a hydrophilic protein with a high polarity index of 55.3%. The molecular weight of the protein has been determined by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry as 14.3 kD. CD spectroscopy showed that the IBP has high contents of the beta-structure and random coil structure. The IBP contains glycine as the N-terminal amino acid. The protein can be stored for a long time at acidic pH values but aggregates and loses activity at alkaline and neutral pH. The IBP binds rabbit IgG with optimum at pH of 6.0-7.5. The IBP interacts with IgG molecule in the Fc-fragment region. The protein retains activity after heating at 100 degrees C in the presence of SDS.     

Overexpression of the Interferon regulatory factor 4-binding protein in human colorectal cancer and its clinical significance

Background: IFN regulatory factor 4-binding protein (IBP) is a novel type of activator of Rho GTPases. It has been linked with differentiation and apoptosis of lymphocytes, but its function in oncogenesis remains unclear. Here we studied the expression of endogenous IBP in four human colorectal cancer cell lines, normal, adenoma and tumor colorectal tissues. Methods: Molecular (Western blot and RT-PCR), and confocal analyses were used to investigate IBP expression in human colorectal cancer cell lines. Matched normal and tumor tissue sections of 63 patients and 15 adenoma tissue sections were analyzed for IBP expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results: IBP was ubiquitely expressed in human colorectal cancer cell lines. The expression of IBP can be detected at both the mRNA and protein level in SW480, SW620 and HT29 cells. Clinically, IBP were elevated in human colorectal cancer specimens in comparison to normal colorectal tissues. Substantial high expression of IBP was observed in colorectal cancer tissues (67%), whereas corresponding normal tissues and 15 adenoma tissues showed consistently absent immunoreactivity of IBP. Moreover, IBP expression is correlated with the differentiation level of colorectal cancer cells (p < 0.05) and clinical stage of patients (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Our data show, for the first time, a dysregulated expression of IBP in human colorectal cancer, offering new perspectives for its role in cancer development and progression. IBP may be a novel tumor marker and a therapeutic target for colorectal cancer.