补光对大棚火龙果冬季促花的影响

为探讨夜间补充光照对大棚火龙果冬季植株促花的效应,以2年生‘短芯’红肉(心)火龙果植株为试材,每天夜间补光6 h,以不补光为对照,观测火龙果枝条抽蕾状况。结果显示,在平均光强500 lx、每天补充光照6 h、连续补光45 d条件下,第一批次植株抽生花蕾率达83.3%,老枝(枝龄≥12个月)抽生花蕾率为15.2%,青枝(枝龄＜12个月)抽生花蕾率为28.0%,抽生花蕾枝条占植株总枝条数的21.4%;枝条花蕾数占枝条上芽点数的比率,老枝为2.7%、青枝为2.9%。而对照植株没有抽生花蕾,抽蕾率为0。表明夜间补充光照可有效地促进大棚火龙果冬季植株抽花。     

深山含笑分枝成花规律及其系统演化证据

以10年生深山含笑(Michelia maudiae Dunn)为材料,研究其年生长发育节律、芽的种类、混合芽分化、分枝类型和成花规律.结果显示:(1)深山含笑芽可为分未分化芽和分化芽,其中分化芽包括营养芽、混合芽和花芽.(2)年生长周期依次划分为营养芽生长期、混合芽分化期、混合芽快速膨大期、混合芽/花芽发育滞缓期、开...     

中国棘豆属（豆科）一新记录种——平卧棘豆

平卧棘豆Oxrytropis prostrata（Pall．）DC主要分布于蒙古和俄罗斯,最近发现在中国的呼伦贝尔草原区也有分布,属于中国新记录种。该种主要特征为茎基部多分枝,托叶大部分与叶柄合生,密被白色柔毛,小叶先端钝圆或微凹,龙骨瓣先端喙长约2mm,子房和荚果光滑无毛。     

多效唑和缩节胺对现蕾前忍冬枝叶生长及花蕾性状和有效成分含量的影响

以忍冬品种‘九丰一号’(Lonicera japonica‘Jiufeng 1’)为实验材料,采用叶面喷施方法研究了不同质量浓度多效唑和缩节胺对现蕾前(抽枝生长初期)枝叶生长和叶片叶绿素含量以及花蕾性状和花蕾中绿原酸和总黄酮含量的影响。结果显示:分别喷施100、400、700和1 000 mg·L-1多效唑和50、100、150和200 mg·L-1缩节胺后,多数处理组的开花枝条数、着花节数和叶绿素含量较对照CK1(水)有不同程度提高,但叶面积差异不明显。随处理时间延长,各处理组枝条节间长度总体上呈逐渐增加的趋势,其中多数处理组枝条节间长度增长缓慢。各处理的花蕾长度、百蕾鲜质量和干质量总体上小于CK1,而花蕾折干率、总黄酮含量和绿原酸含量显著或不显著高于CK1。此外,在喷施多效唑和缩节胺的同时喷施质量体积分数1.0%尿素和质量体积分数0.1%硼砂,忍冬的叶面积、着花节数、花蕾长度、折干率、百蕾鲜质量和干质量总体上有所提高,而绿原酸含量降低,但各指标的差异总体较小。研究结果表明:喷施适量多效唑和缩节胺可调控忍冬枝条生长,并能提高花蕾中总黄酮和绿原酸含量。     

中国一新记录属--线隔孢属

Septonema Corda, Icon. Fung., 1: 9, 1837. 菌落铺展型,绒毛状,淡青褐色至黑褐色。菌丝体埋生或部分表生。无子座、刚毛和附着枝。分生孢子梗分化明显,通常单生,直或稍微弯曲,不分枝或具短侧枝,褐色,外壁光滑,有隔膜。产孢细胞单芽生或有时多芽生,顶生或居间生于柄或分枝上,与梗合生,有限生长,柱状。分生孢子大多顶生,形成长且常分枝的向顶序列孢子链,易分离,柱状或长方形,椭圆形或纺锤形,至端部突然变细,最末端平截,淡褐色至深青褐色,褐色或红褐色,表面光滑,厚壁,具1至若干个横膈膜。 模式种：Septonema se…     

喷施GA3和6 BA对“富士”苹果顶芽内源激素及成花成枝的影响

为探讨外源GA_3、6-BA对"富士"苹果大小年现象调控机理及其在成花成枝中的作用,试验以4年生"富士"苹果树为材料,分别在不同生长时期、相同浓度GA_3、6-BA喷施处理树体和以不同喷施次数、不同浓度的GA_3、6-BA处理树体,利用超高效液相色谱法测定枝条顶芽中内源激素(GA_3、IAA、ABA、ZT)含量,同时考察不同类型枝条成花率、成枝率和枝条长度。结果显示:(1)在不同生长时期喷施GA_3促进了顶芽中内源GA_3和ABA含量的积累,抑制了ZT和短枝IAA的合成,同时降低了不同类型枝条的成花率、促进了生理分化前期短枝的成枝率;6-BA处理增加了所有枝条顶芽中GA_3、ABA以及短枝顶芽中IAA和中长枝顶芽中ZT的合成,从而促进了花芽生理分化前期不同类型枝条的成花率、短枝的成枝率以及中长枝的伸长,但对短枝的伸长有抑制作用。(2)单次喷施GA_3抑制了所有枝条顶芽中IAA的合成,促进了所有枝条顶芽中GA_3、ABA以及短枝顶芽ZT含量的积累,使得成花率降低、成枝率增加、枝条伸长减小,GA_3浓度越大对顶芽中ZT合成的抑制越明显。多次喷施GA_3增加了所有枝条顶芽中GA_3和IAA的积累,短枝中ABA含量减小而中长枝增加,并使得成花率降低,成枝率减小,但对ZT含量和枝条伸长无显著影响。(3)单次喷施6-BA增加了短枝顶芽中GA_3和ABA含量以及所有枝条中ZT的含量,但抑制了中长枝GA_3和ABA的合成以及所有枝条顶芽中IAA的合成;使得成花率降低,成枝率增加,抑制了短枝枝条伸长而促进了中长枝伸长;多次喷施6-BA使得所有枝条顶芽中GA_3和IAA含量增加,短枝ABA含量减小,短枝ZT含量增加而中长枝ZT含量减小,并抑制了所有枝条成花率和短枝的伸长,但对成枝率和中长枝的伸长无显著影响。研究表明:不同生长时期使用外源激素可以促进顶芽中GA_3和ABA的合成,但对IAA、ZT的含量以及成花率、成枝率、枝条长度影响随处理时期的不同而有所改变。喷施次数和浓度对内源激素的合成、成枝率以及枝条的伸长有不同的调节作用,但都抑制了花芽的分化,使成花率降低。     

地肤的开发利用

地肤的开发利用地肤（Ｋｏｃｈｉａｓｃｏｐａｒｉａ（Ｌ．）Ｓｃｈｒａｄ）俗称扫帚菜、扫帚草,属藜科地肤属。一年生草本,高５０～１００ｃｍ。茎直立,多分枝。分枝斜上,淡绿色或浅红色,生短柔毛。平面叶互生,无柄,披针形或线状披针形,长２～ｓｃｍ,宽０．３～...     

富贵草

富贵草（Ｐａｃｈｙｓａｎｄｒａ ｔｅｒｍｉｎａｌｉｓ）又名粉蕊黄杨、顶蕊三角咪、顶花板凳果等,属黄杨科常绿半灌木。茎下部匍匐,根茎状,密生须状不定根。枝绿色斜生,株高２０—３０厘米。由地下根茎星分蘖状分枝生长,节节生根,具较强的蔓延性。叶呈菱状卵形,有光泽     

辣椒拟种群对模拟昆虫捕食行为的反应

基于拟种群理论,动用方差分析法、主分量分析法及植物生长分析法,研究７月高温期辣椒拟种群不同程度的剪叶对模拟短期虫害的反应。结果表明,辣椒具有较强的补偿能力;老叶的数量、干重和叶面积随剪叶程度的增加而下降,新叶则相反,但总叶数量相近;总叶面积和干重受老叶影响大,差异显著;枝的数量、干重、长度差异不显著;果、花、花蕾的数量差异也不显著,但干重差异显著;用数量指标代替干重、叶面积和长度等指标来进行植物的     

紫花芒花芽生长发育规律

用环剥摘叶法和石蜡切片法对紫花芒花芽生长发育规律进行研究,结果表明:紫花芒花芽生理分化期开始于末次梢停长后1 ～6周(11月初) ,到11月23日为止,75 %以上的芽完成了生理分化。形态分化始期为末次梢停长后3 ～4周(11月中旬) ,到第二年1月中下旬止,持续时间为60 ～75 d。从10月30日到11月6日为花芽未分化期或是处于叶芽期,11月16日至次年1月4日为花芽分化前期,11月16日至次年1月8日为花序分化期,12月21日至次年1月8日为花序第一分枝分化期,12月21日至次年1月14日为花序第二分枝分化期,1月8日至1月26日,开始花序基部的小花花器官的分化,先是花萼、花瓣的分化,接着为雄蕊、雌蕊、蜜盘的形成,此为花器官分化期。     

The Effect of Bud Position on Branch Growth and Bud Abscission in Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.

The time at which a bud began to expand was related to its positionnot only on an individual shoot but also within the crown. Thedistribution of buds and branches on the shoot was uneven; theshoot tip, where they were densely clustered, was termed the‘whorl; and the remainder of the shoot, where they werewidely spaced, the ‘interwhorl’ stem. In spring,the terminal bud started expanding before the ‘whorl’buds which preceded the ‘interwhorl’ stem buds;completion of the flush of growth, determined by the end ofleaf expansion, occurred in the reverse order, ‘interwhorl’> ‘whorl’ > terminal. Similarly bud expansionstarted at the top of the crown and progressed downwards, andthe first shoots to complete their flush were at the bottomof the crown. Approximately 60% of the buds on each shoot beganexpanding in spring but only about half of these formed branches.Bud abscission began in May and by Sep. 45% of buds originallypresent had abscised. Most of-the buds that did not abscisewere the small buds at the base of the shoot that were not originallyassociated with a leaf. Approximately 42% of ‘whorl’buds and 28% of MnterwhorP stem buds formed branches. ‘Whorl’branches were approx. 60% longer that ‘interwhorl’stem branches; buds on the lower surface of the shoot producedlonger branches than those on the upper surface. The implicationsof the results for the development of crown form and selectionof superior oak are discussed. Quercus petraea, oak, buds, branches, crown form     

越冬代梨木虱、梨二叉蚜产卵选择对子代种间竞争的影响

梨树萌芽期,越冬代梨木虱Cacopsylla chinensis和梨二叉蚜Schizaphis piricola子代共用同一食物资源,为了解其母代如何避免子代发生种间竞争,通过研究其产卵特点表明,梨二叉蚜和梨木虱在梨树枝条上的产卵位点不同。梨木虱主要在花芽枝上进行产卵,偏好于花芽芽鳞和枝条基部刻痕处产卵,以枝条基部产卵量最多,其次为顶花芽,产卵量随芽位次序依次下降,梨木虱还可在叶芽部位产卵,但数量较少;梨二叉蚜主要于叶芽枝上进行产卵,偏好在叶芽枝的第2、3芽位产卵,顶芽和枝条基部无产卵,未见梨二叉蚜在花芽部位产卵;在花芽枝上,梨木虱卵的空间生态位大于梨二叉蚜、叶芽枝上却相反,两者在梨树枝条上的产卵空间生态位呈分离状态;梨木虱和梨二叉蚜孵化的若虫数量及空间分布特点与卵一致;对梨木虱和梨二叉蚜产卵位点分析表明,其产卵位点的物理性状明显不同。本研究明确了梨木虱和梨二叉蚜母代通过不同产卵位点的选择,降低了子代种间的同位竞争。     

喷施烯效唑对苹果顶芽激素水平和花芽分化的影响

用烯效唑(uniconazol,S3307)1 g/L喷洒“红富士“苹果树降低了顶芽IAA、GA1,3,4,7含量,提高了ZR、ABA含量,从而提高了ZR/IAA、ZR/GA1,3,4,7、ABA/IAA和ABA/GA1,3,4,7比值.烯效唑处理增加了花芽形成百分率,加速了花芽分化的进程,缩短了花芽形成的延续时期,但对花芽生理孕育临界时期长短没有影响.烯效唑处理对花芽的节位数没有影响,但使叶芽节位数增加了1节.     

The Effect of Bud Position on Branch Growth and Bud Abscission in Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.

The time at which a bud began to expand was related to its positionnot only on an individual shoot but also within the crown. Thedistribution of buds and branches on the shoot was uneven; theshoot tip, where they were densely clustered, was termed the'whorl; and the remainder of the shoot, where they were widelyspaced, the ‘interwhorl’ stem. In spring, the terminalbud started expanding before the ’whorl’ buds whichpreceded the ‘interwhorl’ stem buds; completionof the flush of growth, determined by the end of leaf expansion,occurred in the reverse order, ‘interwhorl’     

敦煌‘李光杏’花芽发育过程中雌蕊败育观察及生物学特性调查

为克服杏生产中雌蕊败育现象、提高坐果率,该研究以甘肃省敦煌市的‘李光杏’盛果期不同树势(强势树、中庸树和弱势树)和不同类型结果枝(花束状果枝、短果枝、中果枝、长果枝)的花芽为试材,对其开花物候期及生物学特性进行调查,采用石蜡切片观察易发生败育时期(花芽分化初期、雌蕊分化期、花粉细胞期和花蕾膨大期)的花芽内部组织结构形态,同时测定各主要败育时期叶片可溶性糖、淀粉含量及矿质元素的变化。结果表明:(1)弱树花芽的平均败育率最高(91.26%),中庸树最低(71.08%);不同类型结果枝中,花束状果枝花芽的败育率最低,长果枝的败育率最高。(2)不同结果枝类型的花粉生活力表现为花束状果枝>短果枝>中果枝>长果枝,花粉发芽率表现为短果枝>花束状果枝>中果枝>长果枝。各花型花粉生活力表现为雌蕊高于雄蕊>雌雄等长>雌蕊低于雄蕊>无雌蕊,发芽率的表现为雌雄等长>雌蕊高于雄蕊>雌蕊低于雄蕊>无雌蕊。(3)各树势花芽雌蕊分化期叶片可溶性糖与淀粉含量显著低于其他时期;叶片P、K、Ca含量在分化前期较高,但是雌蕊、雄蕊分化期显著下降。(4)与正常花相比,败育花主要表现为子房发育异常,多数生长点不均匀,子房萎缩,胚珠原基发育停滞;雌蕊的花柱低于花丝,且花粉粒急剧减少。研究发现,‘李光杏’树势的强弱会造成败育花比例和坐果率的差异,并以中庸树果实坐果率最高,且花败育率最低;雌蕊发育是否正常直接关系到‘李光杏’正常开花,雌蕊的发育受阻,最终成为整个花芽退化的主要形式;叶片碳水化合物和矿质元素等营养物质参与并保证了花器官的正常发育。     

Occurrence of spontaneous shoot regeneration on leaf stipules in relation to hyperflowering response in micropropagated strawberry plantlets

Summary Stipular bud (SB) formation occurred spontaneously on “Gorella” strawberry leaf stipules during proliferation phase on Boxus medium. These buds gave rise to normal shoots on the inner median zone between the stipule tips. Some stipular buds also have been observed on other parts of adaxial surface of the stipule. Stipular bud formation took place directly on the stipule without an intermediate callus. The first stage consisted of subspherical protrusions of small cells which progressively differentiated into shoots that were able to proliferate and to root. Scanning electron microscopy was used to examine the developmental stages of this adventitious organogenesis and to describe morphologic abnormalities, e.g., multiapex formation and fasciation. In vitro cloning of plantlets was made from axillary and SBs produced by the same tufts. The greater flowering abundance of stipular plants resulted in a drastic reduction of the commercial production and the fruit caliber when compared to axillary plants. However, the general phenotype of the mother cultivar (Gorella) was not affected in either case.     

Bud morphology and shoot growth dynamics in two species of Mediterranean sub-shrubs co-existing in gypsum outcrops

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Understanding the effects of the environment on the morphology and shoot growth activities of plants is crucial to identifying plant ecological strategies. This study analysed the bud morphology, bud activity, shoot growth dynamics and shoot water content at full hydration (WC(h)) of two species of Mediterranean sub-shrubs, Lepidium subulatum and Linum suffruticosum, co-existing in gypsum outcrops in north-east Spain. METHODS: Sampling was conducted monthly over 2 years in one population per species. Buds were dissected under a stereo-microscope. Shoot growth was measured as the mean increase in shoot length of 15 marked individuals between two consecutive samplings. Bud activity was studied following the variations in the number of leaf primordia shorter than 1 mm and longer than 0.025 mm in the buds. KEY RESULTS: Both species bore naked buds and displayed discontinuous seasonal patterns of shoot growth, leaf primordia formation and WC(h). The number of leaf primordia in the bud peaked before the beginning of shoot expansion. In both species, organogenesis and expansion were uncoupled throughout the year. The time lapse between these two processes varied throughout the year, and was greatest for those elements differentiated in autumn. WC(h) was more closely related to shoot expansion than to organogenesis. CONCLUSIONS: Both species displayed similar bud morphology and similar seasonal patterns of bud and shoot growth, and WC(h) as a result of the strong seasonality of the Mediterranean climate in gypsum outcrops. The beginning of the spring period of expansion of long branches coincided with maximum values of WC(h), while the rest period of summer matched minimum values. These results support the hypothesis that the growth of long branches is strongly related to WC(h).     

Bud and crown architecture of white spruce and black spruce

Needle primordia in buds and branch lengths were assessed in the crown of a plantation-grown white spruce tree. There was a gradation in needle primordia in buds in branches within the crown. The largest number of primordia was in the terminal bud of the leading main stem shoot, with the number in first-order whorl lateral shoot terminal buds decreasing from whorl 1 to whorl 4, below which buds contained a similar small number of primordia (about one-third as many as in the terminal shoot). Previous year's shoot elongation followed a similar pattern (i.e., elongation of whorl branches was greater closer to the top of the tree and elongation in the fourth through ninth whorls was about one-third that of the main stem leader). Higher order branches within whorls had within-branch gradation in shoot elongation and number of needle primordia, with older branches having as few as 16–30 primordia in buds and 3–4 cm elongation for high-order branches on older main stem whorls. There were strong correlations between the number of primordia in branch terminal buds and branch length/diameter and bud length/diameter/volume. In both black spruce and white spruce, there were strong correlations of number of needle primordia in main stem leader terminal buds with number of needle primordia in terminal buds of first and second whorl leaders.     

枣花芽分化过程中营养物质和内源激素含量及抗氧化酶活性变化研究

以新疆主栽品种灰枣和骏枣的花芽为材料,测定不同分化时期花芽的可溶性糖、还原糖、淀粉、可溶性蛋白含量,SOD、POD、PPO、CAT活性以及内源GA3、IAA、ABA、ZT水平的变化,并分析它们与花芽分化的关系,为枣花芽分化调控提供理论参考.结果表明:(1)灰枣和骏枣花芽可溶性糖、还原糖和淀粉含量在花芽分化过程的变化趋势...