Les nanoparticules

Nanoparticles (NP) are structures comprising from some hundred to some thousand atoms. Owing to their size (1 to 100 nanometres), the physical and chemical properties of these nano-objects differ from those of classical materials. They cover a wide development area, which includes medical research: they can be classified into two major groups, organic NP (liposomes, polymers NP, carbon nanotubes, fullerenes) and inorganic NP (quantum dots, magnetic NP, Raman probes). NP can be conceived to act as a drug delivery system (therapeutic), imaging probe (diagnostic) or both (theranostic). We report recent data from scientific literature and describe main NP within medical area, their state of development, and the limited knowledge of their toxicity in human being.     

Les rhyncholites

Are presented the stratigraphical and palaeogeographical distribution of the rhyncholites, and the determining factors, namely chemical and mineralogical composition, internal structure and growth, function, mode of life of Cephalopods with rhyncholites, evolution, deposition, and preservation.—There may be distinguished two main groups of the rhyncholites, Rhyncholithes and Rhynchoteuthis. The former has no stratigraphical value, the latter allows only to distinguish between: (A) Lower and Upper Pliensbachian, (B) Toarcian-Lower Bajocian (Aalenian), (C) Middle Bajocian/Bathonia, (D) Bathonian-Callovian, (E) Callovian-Oxfordian, (F) Kimeridgian-Tithonian, (G) Neocomian. On the other hand, it seems that the rhyncholites indicate fairly well the bathymetrical conditions and the faunal provinces. In the deep- and calm-water deposits, the position of the rhyncholites in relation to the bedding planes is a top-and-bottom criterion.     

Les troponines

L’utilisation des dosages des troponines cardiaques ont participé à l’extension de la notion d’infarctus du myocarde et a permis au cardiologue l’identification et la stratification des patients présentant un syndrome coronarien aigu. Le développement de techniques d’immuno-dosages de ces protéines de structure du muscle cardiaque, ayant une grande spécificité, a rendu possible la détermination en routine de ces nouveaux marqueurs biochimiques.