扩增片段长度多态性( AFLP) ——一种新的分子标记技术

AFLP(扩增性片段长度多态性)是一种新的DNA分子标记。与RFLP、RAPD相比,AFLP具有在一次试验中可同时观察到大量的限制性片段的优点。本文阐述了AFLP的原理和方法,综述了AFLP目前在植物遗传育种研究中的应用进展,并对AFLP技术在植物遗传育种中的应用前景提出了初步设想。     

AFLP技术在食品微生物中的应用

AFLP技术是一项新的DNA分子标记技术,它是在PCR技术的基础上,扩增了基因组DNA限制性片段,先用限制性内切酶切割基因组DNA,在接着将双链接头与DNA片段的末端相连接,接头序列和相邻的限制性位点序列,作为印务结合位点。这种AFLP技术结合了RT-PCR和AFIP技术,与RFLP相比较,AFLP具有在一个实验中可以同时观察到大量的限制性片段的优点。本文阐述了AFLP技术的基本原理,并研究了AFLP技术在食品微生物中的应用以及探讨在食品微生物中的应用前景。     

AFLP标记技术的发展和完善

AFLP标记技术自诞生以来,由于集成高效性、高通量、无需知道序列信息等诸多优点而在分子生物学研究中得以广泛应用。近年来,研究人员对该技术进行了不断的优化和完善,并由之衍生出多种相关技术,不仅能区分纯合子和杂合子,还能够将感兴趣AFLP条带进行位点特异性标记的高效转化,从而有利于进行大规模单位点检测和基因克隆,检测技术更趋高效。重点评述近年来“常规”AFLP技术向更高通量、更加高效和信息完全AFLP技术的转化和发展,了解这些变革对高效利用AFLP技术实现研究目标具有重要的意义。     

AFLP分子标记及其应用

扩增片段长度多态性(Amplified fragment length polymorphism,AFLP),是Zabeau等(1992)发展的一种新DNA指纹技术。该技术原理简单,引物设计巧妙,既具有RFLP技术的可靠性又具有RAPD技术的高效性,被称为“最有力的分子标记”。系统介绍了AFLP分子标记的基本原理、技术流程和优化措施,对AFLP标记在植物居群生物学、保护生物学、分子系统学等领域中的应用作了简要介绍,并对其应用前景进行了展望。     

云南栽培种及野生种芋头的AFLP指纹分析

目的:分析云南芋头种质资源遗传多样性。方法:应用扩增片段长度多态性(AFLP)指纹技术,用3对AFLP引物对采集自云南省的9份芋头栽培品种及1份野生品种进行研究,分离AFLP多态性条带。结果:共分离到60个AFLP多态性条带,AFLP多态位点百分率为96.77%,云南芋头种质资源在DNA分子水平上表现出丰富的遗传多样性。聚类分析将10份芋头品种分为2组,遗传距离为0.101～0.908。结论:AFLP指纹技术是筛选品种间差异基因的有效方法,研究结果为云南省芋头品种鉴定、遗传相关性分析、特殊功能基因的分离等工作提供了一定的理论基础。     

AFLP在分子生物学研究中的应用

扩增片段长度多态性（AFLP）可靠性强,多态检出率高,因而被认为是最有效的DNA指纹分析技术。AFLP已广泛应用于分类学、病理学、种群遗传学、DNA指纹分析的研究和建立数量性状基因图谱,成为最主要的遗传标记。介绍了AFLP的原理、影响因素及其在分子生物学研究中的应用。     

AFLP技术及其在茶树种质资源研究中的应用(综述)

AFLP分子标记技术具有快速、方便、分辨率高、重复性好等优点,在茶树种质资源研究中应用潜力很大。本文简要介绍AFLP分析技术的原理、特点与进展,并综述近年来AFLP标记技术在茶树种质资源研究中的应用。     

中华稻蝗AFLP反应体系的建立与优化

以中华稻蝗为研究材料,提取到高质量的总DNA.通过优化酶切连接、预扩增、选择性扩增等实验条件,确定了AFLP银染技术方法,从而建立了中华稻蝗AFLP分子标记研究体系,得到了清晰的AFLP指纹图谱,为探讨稻蝗种间遗传学关系提供了新的技术手段.     

AFLP标记在研究家蚕遗传多态性方面的应用

AFLP是一种多态检出效率很高的分子标记技术,在构建遗传图谱,遗传多态性研究,重建分子系统演化树,品种鉴定,基因克隆等众多研究领域有着其它分子标记技术不可比拟的优势。本文在前人用AFLP技术对植物多态性研究的基础上,将AFLP用于家蚕的遗传多态性研究,结果发现在家蚕中同样具有丰富的AFLP标记的多态性。由此暗示AFLP技术亦适合研究家蚕等昆虫类动物的遗传多态性,构建遗传图谱,或用于其分子生态学,分子进化和分类等方面的研究。此外本文还探讨了适合于家蚕等昆虫的AFLP分析的实验条件。     

AFLP 分子标记技术的发展

AFLP分子标记技术是一种建立在PCR技术和RFLP标记基础上的新的DNA指纹分析技术,具有多态性丰富、结果稳定可靠、重复性好、所需DNA量少,且可以在不知道基因组序列的情况下进行研究等特点,现已被广泛用于构建遗传图谱、遗传多样性研究、系统进化及分类学、遗传育种和品质鉴定以及基因定位等方面。介绍AFLP技术的原理以及AFLP技术基础上条件的改进。     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Principles of organization and evolution of systems of regulation of functions

Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms. The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning of physiological systems and organs of the living organism