中华根瘤菌NP1腺苷酸激酶基因的克隆与功能鉴定

以中华根瘤菌NP1（Sinorhizobium sp. NP1）为原始菌株,通过同源克隆的方法,获得了579 bp的腺苷酸激酶基因（adk）全长序列. 该基因编码192个氨基酸,其二级结构和三级结构与Sinorhizobium meliloti 1021 ADK的二级结构和三级结构相似. 以表达载体pET21b为原始载体,构建成NP1 adk原核表达载体pET21b-adk,转化E.coli BL21菌株, SDS-PAGE检测表明：adk基因获得高效表达. HPLC测定证实：重组表达菌中ATP含量约为对照的1.3倍. 上述结果证明本实验中所克隆的腺苷酸激酶基因具增强ATP合成的功能.     

银杏CONSTANS基因植物表达载体构建

目的:构建银杏CONSTANS基因的表达载体.方法:PCR扩增CO基因得到1.2kb左右的片段,用BamH Ⅰ+HindⅢ酶切纯化,通过T4 DNA连接酶连接到植物表达载体pCAMBIA 1304上,并转化到农杆菌LBA4404,然后进行菌落PCR及酶切鉴定.结果:载体构建成功.结论:构建了GbCO正义链和反义链的植物表达载体pCAMBIA 1304-GbCOs和pCAMBIA 1304-GbCOa,可用于GbCO基因的转基因功能研究.     

香蕉束顶病毒中国漳州分离物DNA 4的克隆及非编码区的启动子活性初探

应用PCR方法克隆了香蕉束顶病毒中国漳州分离物(Banana bunchy top virus Chinese Zhangzhou isolate, BBTV-ZZ) DNA 4.序列分析表明其序列全长为1 039 nt,归属于亚洲组.5′ RACE分析确定其转录起始位点是269 nt处的A.利用PCR方法亚克隆了BBTV-ZZ DNA 4非编码区序列并将其插入到植物表达载体pCAMBIA 1304中的 gfp∶∶gus 基因上游得到重组质粒pTA2.将含pTA2和pCAMBIA 1304的根癌土壤杆菌(Agrobacterium tumefaciens)注射进烟草(Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Xanthi NC)叶片,3～5 d后剪下注射部位的叶片进行GUS和GFP的表达分析.pTA2(含BBTV-ZZ DNA 4非编码区)、pCAMBIA 1304(含CaMV 35S启动子)和未注射的烟草叶片的GUS活性分别为1.007 0 pmol MU*μg-1*min-1 , 2.069 0 pmol MU*μg-1*min-1和0.021 4 pmol MU*μg-1*min-1.注射含pTA2和pCAMBIA 1304植物表达载体根癌土壤杆菌以及未注射的烟草叶片的每毫克总蛋白的GFP间接ELISA在490 nm的吸光值分别为89.577、100.440和3.287.     

含甘露糖异构酶基因植物表达载体的构建

目的:构建了以manA基因为选择标记的植物表达载体。方法:从大肠杆菌DH5α中克隆出manA基因,连接到质粒pCAMBIA1301的XhoⅠ位点,替换hpt基因,通过酶切和PCR检测了插入片段的正确性,使用XbaⅠ和HindⅢ酶切Gateway载体(pGWCBF)获得含有P35S-T35S-attR1-attR2-CmR-ccdB的结构域,将其插入到表达载体pCAMBIA1301的相应位点中,获得中间表达载体pCAMBIA1301-manA-GW,使用Gateway载体的BP反应与LR反应,将转录因子CBF基因片段整合到载体中。结果:酶切结果表明以甘露糖异构酶基因(manA)为选择标记的植物表达载体pCAMBIA1301-manA-CBF已经构建完成。结论:将构建好的载体用液氮冻融法转化到农杆菌中,可以用于葡萄的遗传转化研究,为将来获得安全的转基因抗寒植株奠定基础。     

人颗粒裂解肽片段在大肠杆菌中的表达

目的：建立颗粒裂解肽（NKG5）的原核表达载体系统,并在大肠杆菌中获得表达。方法：采用寡核苷酸合成、PCR扩增得到NKG5编码序列,克隆到pGEM-T载体上,经测序正确后,再切下编码序列连接到重组表达载体pGEx-4T-1中,转化大肠杆菌BL21,用IPTG诱导重组工程菌表达,采用谷胱甘肽偶联的Sepharose 4B纯化重组蛋白。结果：重组菌株可以表达GST-NKG5融合蛋白,用免疫印迹反应鉴定纯化的融合蛋白,在相对分子质量34000处有一条带。结论：获得了在大肠杆菌中低表达的颗粒裂解肽融合蛋白,为后续研究奠定了基础。     

木糖异构酶基因xylA的克隆及其表达载体的构建

木糖异构酶基因xylA是一种正向选择标记基因,在植物基因工程中使用该标记可以获得安全的转基因植物.构建了以xylA基因为选择标记的植物表达载体.从大肠杆菌Top10中扩增出xylA基因,插入到质粒pCAMBIA2301的Xho Ⅰ位点,通过酶切和PCR检测插入片段的正确性,得到载体pCAMBIA2301-xylA,将pBI121载体上的‘35S-GUS-Nos'表达框插入到pCAMBIA2301-xylA的EcoR Ⅰ和Hind Ⅲ位点.得到中间载体pCAMBIA2301-xylA-GUS,用Sac Ⅰ和Sma Ⅰ切下克隆载体上的CBF1基因替代pCAMBIA2301-xylA-GUS中的GUS片段,用电转化法将获得的表达载体转化到农杆菌中,为将来获得安全的转基因抗寒植株奠定基础.     

纳豆激酶酶原基因和纳豆激酶基因的克隆及在大肠杆菌中表达

目的：构建可高效生产有活性的纳豆激酶的大肠杆菌工程菌。方法：将纳豆激酶酶原（pro-nattokinase,pro-NK)基因和纳豆激酶（natokinase,NK)基因,并分别克隆到表达融合蛋白的高效表达载体pJN上,构建出表达质粒pJNK1和pJNK2,并转化大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）。结果：IPTG诱导下,两个融合蛋白的表达量均达到30%,活性检测显示表达纳豆激酶酶原融合蛋白的菌株pJNK-1(BL)诱导后菌体破碎上清的溶栓活性比表达纳豆激酶融合蛋白的菌株pJNK-2(BL)高2-3倍,结论：纳豆激酶酶原融合蛋白部分自减切产生纳豆激酶成熟肽。     

人乳头瘤病毒31和33亚型L1基因导入水稻及转基因植株的鉴定

目的:结合水稻胚乳生物反应器的优点,将人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)31、33亚型的L1蛋白编码基因导入水稻,构建HPV31 L1、HPV33 L1植物表达载体,最终实现其在水稻胚乳表达系统中的表达。方法:利用生物信息学方法分析并优化合成HPV31及HPV33 L1蛋白编码基因,将其重组于中间载体pMP3和植物表达载体pCAMBIA1300中,分别构建植物双元表达载体pCAMBIA1300-pMP3-HPV-31 L1和pCAMBIA1300-pMP3-HPV-33 L1,采用遗传转化法经根癌农杆菌介导转化水稻TP309种子的愈伤组织,经共培养、潮霉素筛选和分化再生,获得潮霉素抗性植株。结果和结论:构建了HPV31 L1、HPV33 L1的植物表达载体,经根癌农杆菌介导转化水稻TP309种子的愈伤组织,获得转基因植株。     

蒙古冰草MwLEA3基因植物表达载体的构建

以植物双元表达载体pCAMBIA2300为基础,设计分别带有酶切位点XbaI和PstI的一对引物,从克隆载体pGM-T-MwLEA3中扩增到目的基因MwLEA3。用XbaI和PstI双酶切该目的基因及表达载体pCAMBIA2300,回收后利用T4DNA连接酶连接,获得植物表达载体pCAM-MwLEA3。通过冻融法将所获得的植物表达载体重组质粒导入根癌农杆菌LBA4404菌株中,为该基因的功能鉴定及通过农杆菌介导法将MwLEA3基因导入植物提高相关抗性奠定了基础。     

香蕉Maasr1基因表达产物的亚细胞定位

利用SSH分离香蕉果实采后差异表达基因,获得香蕉的ASR基因,并将其命名为Maasr1。对该基因与香蕉采后成熟衰老进行相关性研究,发现其在果实采后早期表达上调。通过对Maasr1基因进行生物信息学分析表明,Maasr1基因编码的蛋白可能作为转录因子定位于细胞核或细胞质中。为进一步深入研究该基因功能,构建了香蕉Maasr1基因与绿色荧光蛋白基因融合的植物表达载体pCAMBIA1304-Maasr1。利用基因枪转化法将重组载体转入洋葱表皮细胞瞬时表达,荧光显微镜检测结果表明,Maasr1基因表达产物定位在细胞核中,符合转录因子特性。     

Role of adenosine kinase in the control of Streptomyces differentiations: Loss of adenosine kinase suppresses sporulation and actinorhodin biosynthesis while inducing hyperproduction of undecylprodigiosin in Streptomyces lividans

Adenosine kinase (ADK) catalyses phosphorylation of adenosine (Ado) and generates adenosine monophosphate (AMP). ADK gene (adk(Sli), an ortholog of SCO2158) was disrupted in Streptomyces lividans by single crossover-mediated vector integration. The adk(Sli) disruption mutant (Deltaadk(Sli)) was devoid of sporulation and a plasmid copy of adk(Sli) restored sporulation ability in Deltaadk(Sli), thus indicating that loss of adk(Sli) abolishes sporulation in S. lividans. Ado supplementation strongly suppressed sporulation ability in S. lividans wild-type (wt), supporting that disruption of adk(Sli) resulted in Ado accumulation, which in turn suppressed sporulation. Cell-free experiments demonstrated that Deltaadk(Sli) lacked ADK activity and in vitro characterization confirms that adk(Sli) encodes ADK. The intracellular level of Ado was highly elevated while the AMP level was significantly reduced after loss of adk(Sli) while Deltaadk(Sli) displayed no significant derivation from wt in the levels of S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) and S-adenosylmethionine (SAM). Notably, Ado supplementation to wt lowered AMP content, albeit not to the level of Deltaadk(Sli), implying that the reduction of AMP level is partially forced by Ado accumulation in Deltaadk(Sli). In Deltaadk(Sli), actinorhodin (ACT) production was suppressed and undecylprodigiosin (RED) production was dramatically enhanced; however, Ado supplementation failed to exert this differential control. A promoter-probe assay verified repression of actII-orf4 and induction of redD in Deltaadk(Sli), substantiating that unknown metabolic shift(s) of ADK-deficiency evokes differential genetic control on secondary metabolism in S. lividans. The present study is the first report revealing the suppressive role of Ado in Streptomyces development and the differential regulatory function of ADK activity in Streptomyces secondary metabolism, although the underlying mechanism has yet to be elucidated.     

Adenosine kinase modulates root gravitropism and cap morphogenesis in Arabidopsis

Adenosine kinase (ADK) is a key enzyme that regulates intra- and extracellular levels of adenosine, thereby modulating methyltransferase reactions, production of polyamines and secondary compounds, and cell signaling in animals. Unfortunately, little is known about ADK's contribution to the regulation of plant growth and development. Here, we show that ADK is a modulator of root cap morphogenesis and gravitropism. Upon gravistimulation, soluble ADK levels and activity increase in the root tip. Mutation in one of two Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) ADK genes, ADK1, results in cap morphogenesis defects, along with alterations in root sensitivity to gravistimulation and slower kinetics of root gravitropic curvature. The kinetics defect can be partially rescued by adding spermine to the growth medium, whereas the defects in cap morphogenesis and gravitropic sensitivity cannot. The root morphogenesis and gravitropism defects of adk1-1 are accompanied by altered expression of the PIN3 auxin efflux facilitator in the cap and decreased expression of the auxin-responsive DR5-GUS reporter. Furthermore, PIN3 fails to relocalize to the bottom membrane of statocytes upon gravistimulation. Consequently, adk1-1 roots cannot develop a lateral auxin gradient across the cap, necessary for the curvature response. Interestingly, adk1-1 does not affect gravity-induced cytoplasmic alkalinization of the root statocytes, suggesting either that ADK1 functions between cytoplasmic alkalinization and PIN3 relocalization in a linear pathway or that the pH and PIN3-relocalization responses to gravistimulation belong to distinct branches of the pathway. Our data are consistent with a role for ADK and the S-adenosyl-L-methionine pathway in the control of root gravitropism and cap morphogenesis.     

Expression of a staphylokinase,a thrombolytic agent in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Arabidopsis thaliana</Emphasis>

A gene encoding staphylokinase from Staphylococcus aureus was cloned into the plant transformation binary vector pCAMBIA 1304. The transgene was introduced into the genome of A. thaliana via in planta Agrobacterium tumefaciens–mediated genetic transformation. The presence of the staphylokinase gene was confirmed by PCR in 60% of the investigated plants. The presence of the fusion protein (119 kDa) was confirmed by SDS–PAGE and Western blot analysis in protein extracts from putative transgenics. Furthermore, the amidolytic assay confirmed the activity of SAK in protein extracts in 23 out of 45 transgenic lines of A. thaliana plants.     

蔗糖转运蛋白基因VvSUC11和VvSUC12双价植物表达载体的构建及在甜菜中的遗传转化

将葡萄Vitis vinifera L.的蔗糖转运蛋白基因VvSUC11和VvSUC12与甘薯Ipomoea batatas L. Lam.的甘薯贮藏蛋白 (Sporamin) 基因的根部特异性启动子命名为SP1和SP2重组。以pCAMBIA2301为起始载体,构建了pCAMBIA2301- SP1-VvSUC11-SP2-VvSUC12用农杆菌介导法转化了甜菜Beta vulgaris L.品种KWS-9103,发现预培养4 d,侵染时农杆菌的浓度OD600值为0.5,附加0.005％表面活性剂Silwet L-77,延迟筛选4 d,转化效率最高,可达42％。对在卡那霉素中分化并生根的甜菜植株进行PCR和RT-PCR检测,证明目的基因已整合到甜菜中并表达,为进一步研究该基因在甜菜Beta vulgaris中的功能奠定了基础。     

以木糖异构酶基因xylA为选择标记的Gateway系统植物表达载体的构建

目的:构建以木糖异构酶基因xylA为筛选标记的无抗生素标记Gateway系统植物表达载体。方法:克隆大肠杆菌木糖异构酶基因xylA并用其替换植物表达载体pCAMBIA1301中的hpt基因,利用载体中的多克隆位点将Gateway Binary Vector(pH7WG2D)中酶切位点XbaⅠ和HindⅢ之间包括P35S、T35S、attR1、attR2和CmR-ccdB的片段重组入表达载体pCAMBIA1301中,构建表达载体pCAMBIA1301-xylA-GW,利用含有津田芜菁HY5基因片段的BP反应产物与载体进行LR反应,获得含有目的基因的植物表达载体pCAMBIA1301-xylA-HY5,并导入根癌农杆菌LBA4404中。结果:抗生素筛选及酶切和PCR鉴定表明成功构建了以xylA为筛选标记的无抗生素标记植物表达载体pCAMBIA1301-xylA-HY5。结论:利用木糖异构酶基因xylA结合Gateway克隆技术构建无抗生素标记植物表达载体,可简化、方便植物转基因表达载体构建。     

美洲商陆抗真菌蛋白转化烟草的研究和抗病性检测

本研究为美洲商陆抗病毒蛋白(PaAFP)基因首次对植物遗传转化的研究,转入烟草中研究此蛋白对烟草立枯病的抗性。从美洲商陆叶片中获得美洲商陆抗真菌蛋白前体蛋白基因cDNA序列,构建植物表达载体pCAMBIA1300-PaAFP,通过三亲杂交法将其导入根癌农杆菌LBA4404受体菌,转染烟草获得了大量再生转基因植株。PCR、Southern杂交、RT-PCR以及Tris-Tricine-SDS-PAGE检测结果表明目的基因已经整合到烟草基因组中,并且已经得到转译。转基因植株苗期抗立枯病试验表明,转基因烟草植株对立枯丝核菌表现出了抗性。     

马铃薯Sgt1基因启动子的结构及功能分析

糖苷生物碱(steroidal glycoalkaloids,SGAs)是一类存在于茄科和某些百合科植物的重要次生代谢物,与植物的抗逆性和产品品质有密切关系．茄啶半乳糖基转移酶（solanidine galactosyltransferases,SGT1）是SGAs合成代谢途径的末端关键酶之一,研究其编码基因的启动子序列对于SGAs生物合成代谢调控有重要的作用和意义．研究采用染色体步移技术(Genome walking),首次克隆到马铃薯Sgt1基因起始密码子上游2 183 bp的启动子序列,已注册到GenBank（注册号：KC759163）．构建该启动子驱动融合报告基因gfp::gus的植物双元表达载体p1304Sgt1p,转化野生型烟草获得Sgt1p::gfp::gus转基因植株,通过GUS组织化学染色分析Sgt1p::gfp::gus转基因植株中Sgt1p启动子的活性．结果表明,gus基因在转基因烟草的根、茎和叶中均表达,在叶中Sgt1p启动子的活性低于CaMV35S启动子,而在根和茎中二者基本相同;光诱导结果显示,光照处理明显增强了Sgt1p::gfp::gus转基因烟草叶片中Sgt1p启动子的活性,表明庄薯3号马铃薯 Sgt1p启动子是一种光诱导型启动子．     

番木瓜β-Gal基因RNAi双T-DNA植物表达载体的构建及其遗传转化的初步研究

克隆了番木瓜(Carica papaya L.)果肉的细胞壁水解关键酶β-半乳糖苷酶(β-GAL)基因保守区,将其反向重复插入载体pKANNIBAL,构建RNAi中间表达载体pKAN/RG,将其上的发夹结构取代经改造的载体pCAMBIA 1300上hpt II基因,构建中间表达载体p1300~-/MFRG,分离单T-DNA区段,与载体pCAMBIA 2301构建RNAi双T-DNA植物表达载体p2301/TTRG.酶切分析和PCR检测表明,p2301/TTRG已被成功导入农杆菌EHA 105.通过遗传转化,初步获得了GUS染色呈阳性且具Kan抗性的番木瓜胚性愈伤组织.     

Arresten在烟草中的表达及其生物学活性分析

采用5'端引入His-tag的引物从携带有Arresten基因的质粒pCA中扩增血管生成抑制因子Arresten编码基因,构建其植物表达载体pCAMBIAarr并通过冻融法转化根癌农杆菌LBA4404,获得携带目的基因的重组农杆菌.采用叶盘法以重组农杆菌转化烟草,在50 μg/mL潮霉素B为选择压力下获得再生烟草植株,经过Southern杂交、RT-PCR和Western blotting检测,获得稳定整合有Arresten编码基因的烟草转基因植株.牛血管内皮细胞BCE增殖抑制实验表明,采用镍离子螯合次氨基三乙酸亲和层析法从转基因烟草叶片中分离纯化的重组Arresten蛋白具有明显的抑制牛血管内皮细胞增殖的生物活性.