干旱生境中接种根际促生细菌对核桃根际土壤生物学特征的影响

研究了干旱生境下接种假单胞菌YT3、枯草芽孢杆菌DZ1、蜡样芽孢杆菌L90和纺锤芽孢杆菌L13等4株植物根际促生细菌(PGPR)对核桃根际土壤生物学特征的影响.结果表明:干旱对核桃根际土壤养分有效性影响不显著,但高活性有机碳含量降低18.4%,pH由7.34显著提高到7.79.干旱生境下接种L90后,土壤高活性有机碳含量提高14.5%,pH降低至7.41.干旱导致根际土壤微生物总量、微生物生物量碳、氮和根系分泌物含量分别下降36.0%、20.7%、33.5%和30.7%,接种L90后仅分别降低14.1%、10.3%、12.1%和12.7%.核桃根际土壤微生物的末端限制性片段长度多态性分析图谱显示,干旱胁迫导致一些优势细菌群落消失,而接种PGPR对核桃根际土壤细菌群落结构有较大影响.干旱胁迫下核桃根际土壤微生物群落的Margalef指数和Shannon指数显著降低,Simpson指数显著增加;接种L90后,Margalef指数和Shannon指数分别由0.42和0.52增至0.99和0.98,Simpson指数由0.60降至0.39.与接种L90处理相比,干旱生境下接种YT3、DZ1和L13处理核桃根际土壤生物学特征差异不显著,表明L90可有效抑制干旱引起的核桃根际土壤生物学特征的改变.     

干旱胁迫对不同根型苜蓿根系生长及根际土壤细菌的影响

为明确干旱胁迫对根茎型清水紫花苜蓿、直根型陇东紫花苜蓿、根蘖型公农4号杂花苜蓿根系生长及根际土壤细菌群落的影响,采用盆栽试验,运用16S rRNA基因测序技术,研究了幼苗期干旱胁迫下各根型苜蓿根系生长及根际土壤细菌群落结构的变化。结果表明：干旱胁迫下各根型苜蓿的Chao1和ACE丰富度指数均在中度胁迫下最大,Simpson和Shannon-wiener多样性指数各处理间差异不显著;根际土壤细菌群落均以变形菌门、绿弯菌门、类杆菌门、放线菌门和厚壁菌门为主,干旱胁迫均显著增加了变形菌门和厚壁菌门的相对丰度,显著降低了绿弯菌门的相对丰度,但类杆菌门和放线菌门先提高后下降。统计学分析显示,幼苗期干旱胁迫显著影响各根型苜蓿生长发育,随胁迫程度增加,其株高、地上生物量、地下生物量、根系活力、根体积、根系总长均显著降低,根冠比先增加后下降且在中度胁迫时达到最大值。重度胁迫下,清水苜蓿的株高、根系活力显著大于其他品种,而根冠比、根系干重显著小于其他品种;陇东苜蓿的根长、根尖数均显著大于其他品种;根系平均直径、根系总表面积各根型苜蓿间差异不显著。研究结果为植物的抗干旱胁迫以及提高各根型苜蓿在干旱胁迫下的水分利用提供参考。     

两种盐生植物根际土壤细菌多样性和群落结构

应用高通量测序技术对西北干旱区两种盐生植物黑果枸杞和里海盐爪爪根际土壤细菌的多样性和群落结构进行研究,旨在揭示两种耐盐植物根际土壤细菌之间以及根际与非根际细菌群落结构间的差异,为深入研究盐生植物根际土壤微生物与耐盐性之间的关系提供理论基础。结果表明:黑果枸杞、里海盐爪爪根际细菌多样性丰度高于非根际土,黑果枸杞根际土壤细菌多样性丰度高于里海盐爪爪。根际和非根际土壤细菌群落的组成和丰度存在差异,从黑果枸杞和里海盐爪爪根际土壤中分别检测出细菌21门289属和22门304属,而从非根际土壤中分别检测出28门285属和24门336属;在两种盐生植物根际土壤中,变形菌门和厚壁菌门均为优势门;拟杆菌门、放线菌门、蓝细菌门及浮霉菌门在根际土壤中的丰度显著高于非根际土壤,而厚壁菌门在根际土壤中的丰度低于非根际土壤。两种植物根际土壤中的细菌优势门和优势属的数量均高于非根际土壤,在黑果枸杞和里海盐爪爪的根际土壤中的细菌优势属分别有10个和9个,而二者非根际土壤中的细菌优势属各有4个,其中假单胞菌属是根际和非根际土壤中的共有优势属。黑果枸杞和里海盐爪爪根系细菌群落组成和丰度存在差异,只有假单胞菌属和盐单胞菌属是两种植物根际土壤中的共有优势属。Unifrac分析和聚类分析表明,两种盐生植物根际土壤细菌之间的相似性大于根际和非根际细菌群落间的相似性。细菌多样性与土壤有机碳、有机质、总氮正相关,与pH、电导率负相关,电导率和pH,有机碳和总氮分别是非根际土,根际土壤细菌群落物种组成的主要影响因素。     

酸铝胁迫土壤中耐铝大豆根际不同部位细菌群落结构、功能及其对促生菌富集作用的研究

针对酸性土壤中影响作物生产的主要限制因子(pH及其铝毒),选用耐酸铝且具有固氮能力的豆科作物是改良该类土壤、促进农业生产的有效措施之一,至于其所关联的根际微生物是否起到相应的促进作用,一直为国内外学者所关注和探究.为此,本研究以铝耐受型大豆品种基因型(BX10)和铝敏感型大豆品种基因型(BD2)为材料,以酸性红壤为生长...     

银北盐渍化土壤中6种耐盐植物根际细菌群落结构及其多样性

土壤微生物对土壤肥力的形成和植物营养的转化起着积极的作用。对盐渍化土壤中植物根际微生物群落组成和多样性进行研究,有助于发现新的重要微生物功能类群或者功能潜力,对于盐碱土壤的植被恢复和生态重建都具有十分重要的意义。通过高通量测序和分离培养方法,对宁夏银北地区盐渍化土壤中的6种耐盐植物根际细菌的群落结构和多样性进行了分析。结果表明:所有土壤样品共检测到31门(亚门) 67纲253科400属细菌类群,不同植物根际微生物群落组成相似,但丰度各有差异,厚壁菌门、变形菌门、放线菌门和拟杆菌门为主要优势类群;在纲水平芽孢杆菌纲相对丰度最高,其次为α-变形菌、γ-变形菌和梭菌纲;在属水平上,芽孢杆菌属以极高的丰度(15.57%—53.85%)占据绝对优势,其次是鞘氨醇单胞菌属、不动杆菌属和节杆菌属。6种植物根际细菌的群落结构组成表现为芨芨草和柽柳相似,柳枝稷、苜蓿与枸杞相似,苦豆子则与另外5种差别最大。分离培养出的110株根际细菌多数具有较强的盐碱耐受性和一种以上生物学活性,分别隶属于芽孢杆菌属、假单胞菌属、鞘氨醇杆菌属、节杆菌属和中华根瘤菌属,在属水平上多样性单一,其中芽孢杆菌属是优势属。传统的分离培养和高通量测序结果都反映出银北地区盐渍化土壤中定殖着许多有重要生态功能的微生物类群,可用于进一步筛选和利用根际微生物改良盐碱土壤。     

东乡野生稻根际可培养细菌多样性及其植物促生活性分析

为了解江西东乡野生稻(Oryza rufipogon)不同生育期根际可培养细菌群落多样性动态,从中寻找新的具有植物促生活性的微生物资源,分别于2009年5月、8月和11月采集了东乡野生稻秧苗期、抽穗期和成熟期根际土壤,采用稀释平板法分离到118株根际细菌,并检测了其植物促生活性.16S rRNA基因序列分析结合菌体形态...     

金银花容器苗对干旱胁迫下接种根际促生细菌的生理响应

在盆栽试验条件下,以金银花容器苗为试材,研究了不同干旱强度下接种蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)L90对植物生理特征的影响。结果表明:随着干旱胁迫强度的增加,金银花容器苗的光合速率和气孔导度逐渐降低;而干旱环境下接种L90可显著提高气孔导度,缓解干旱胁迫对净光合速率的抑制;且干旱强度增加,缓解效果增强。接种B.cereus L90可显著抑制干旱胁迫下金银花容器苗PSⅡ最大光化学效率、实际光化学效率和光化学猝灭系数的降低,抑制非光化学猝灭系数的升高。虽然L90并没有提高对照处理中光合色素的绝对含量,但可显著抑制干旱环境下金银花叶片中光合色素的分解。干旱显著降低了金银花叶片中细胞分裂素含量,增加了脱落酸(ABA)的含量;在干旱胁迫下,接种L90可显著提高叶片中细胞分裂素的含量,并可促使根部产生的ABA运输到叶片中。干旱胁迫程度较轻时,L90对金银花容器苗的相对含水量和相对电导率影响不显著;而在重度干旱时,同对照相比,干旱及接种L90处理的相对含水量分别降低20.56%和10.21%,相对电导率分别提高31.42%和16.08%,接种L90处理的变化幅度明显较小。因此,干旱生境下接种B.cereus L90,可增加叶片中细胞分裂素含量,抑制光合色素的分解及光合能力的下降,提高金银花容器苗在干旱环境中的适应能力。     

宁夏中部干旱带不同作物根际土壤真菌群落多样性及群落结构

【背景】宁夏中部干旱带常年缺水,植被稀疏,土地沙漠化严重,生态环境十分脆弱。土地沙漠化导致土地生产力下降,制约着该区农业的发展,因此,改善宁夏中部干旱带农田生态环境具有重要意义。【目的】为该区土地资源的合理利用开发及干旱区土壤真菌多样性的深入研究提供基础数据和理论依据。【方法】运用IlluminaMiSeq高通量测序技术对宁夏中部干旱带农田作物土壤真菌种类进行预测,并对其进行真菌多样性和群落结构的分析。【结果】5个处理中真菌种类均较为丰富,丰富度指数无差异;真菌多样性指数分别以‘张杂谷5号’谷子最高,藜麦的多样性最低,且存在极显著差异。不同作物根际土壤中,子囊菌门(Ascomycota)为最优势菌门,相对丰度为73.00%-89.14%,且远远大于次优势菌门——担子菌门(Basidiomycota,3.9%-16.5%),表现出非常明显的优势;支顶孢属(Acremonium)和裂壳菌属(Schizothecium)为共有的优势菌属。土壤速效磷和土壤碱解氮会对土壤真菌群落结构和功能多样性产生影响,土壤微生物群落结构、功能多样性的变化是土壤理化性质与微生物相互作用的结果。【结论】休闲和种植作物的农田土壤养分均可不同程度的提高,土壤pH降低,真菌群落结构和多样性发生变化。说明合理的土地利用有利于丰富农田土壤微生物群落结构和多样性,改良土壤特性,进而促进该区域土壤生态系统的稳定,提高农田土地资源的合理利用。     

微生物菌剂对绞股蓝药效成分及根际细菌群落的影响

【目的】为缓解中药绞股蓝种植区由于连作导致的土壤微生态失衡,提高绞股蓝品质及产量,使用本课题组的娄彻氏链霉菌(Streptomyces rochei) D74菌剂及新构建的复合菌剂T3,研究微生物菌剂的施加对绞股蓝产量、品质以及根际细菌群落组成的影响,明确绞股蓝在连作和正茬不同种植条件下的适用菌剂。【方法】采用五点取样法,测定大田种植试验中各处理组绞股蓝单位面积的产量。采用紫外-可见分光光度法及高效液相色谱法测定黄酮、多糖、皂苷等绞股蓝主要药效成分含量。利用16S rRNA基因高通量测序技术分析添加菌剂对绞股蓝根际细菌群落结构的影响。【结果】在正茬型Z区地块,T3菌剂处理组绞股蓝干重较对照组增加了63.44%,总黄酮含量提高12.50%,总多糖含量提高32.95%,增产提质效果均优于D74菌剂;而在连作型P区地块,D74菌剂处理组绞股蓝干重较对照组增加了77.41%,总黄酮含量提高112.50%,总多糖含量提高23.10%,效果优于T3菌剂。通过分析微生物群落组间差异发现,与对照组相比富集在T3菌剂组中的差异微生物为新鞘氨醇菌属(Novosphingobium)、罗河杆菌属(Rhodanobacter) 等有益微生物,富集在D74菌剂组中的差异微生物为慢生根瘤菌属(Bradyrhizobium)、硝化螺菌属(Nitrospira)等有益微生物。【结论】研究表明T3复合菌剂及D74菌剂均能够通过招募土壤中有益微生物类群,优化根际土壤中微生物群落结构,改善绞股蓝根际微生态环境,显著提高绞股蓝药效成分含量及产量。D74菌剂在连作型地块施用效果更佳,T3菌剂对正茬型地块施用效果更佳。     

园林植物女贞不同生态位细菌群落结构及其多样性

[目的]女贞是我国分布广泛的园林绿化树种、药用植物和资源昆虫白蜡虫的优良寄主植物,解析女贞叶、茎、根、根际土壤4种生态位的细菌群落结构、物种组成和多样性特征,为研究女贞及其相关微生物组的互作及开发利用女贞内生和根际细菌资源奠定基础.[方法]以女贞叶、茎、根、根际土壤为研究材料,基于细菌16S rRNA基因V5-V7区,...     

Effects of inoculation with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) andSinorhizobium fredii on biological nitrogen fixation, nodulation and growth ofGlycine max cv. Osumi

We investigated the effects of three plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), on Biological Nitrogen Fixation (BNF), nodulation and growth promotion by soybean (Glycine max) var. Osumi plants. The strains, Aur 6, Aur 9 and Cell 4, belong toPsedomonas fluorescens, Chryseobacterium balustinum andSerratia fonticola, respectively. Inoculation modes for the PGPRs andSinorhizobium fredii (carried out through irrigation), were examined. In the first mode, PGPRs andS. fredii were co-inoculated. In the second mode, we first inoculatedS. fredii and after the PGPRs, which were added 5 or 10 days later (each inoculation being an independent treatment). In the third mode, the PGPRs were inoculated first, and theS. fredii was inoculated 5 days later. We also included treatments inoculated with only the PGPRs (one PGPR per treatment) and only withS. fredii. Plants were maintained in a greenhouse under controlled environmental conditions, and were sampled 3 months after sowing. The results obtained showed the effects of the inoculation sequence. The most significant effects on growth parameters (stem plus leaf weight and fresh root weight) were found when inoculations with PGPR andS. fredii were at different times or when we inoculated only with PGPR and the plants were watered with nitrogen. Co-inoculation had no positive effects on any parameter, probably due to competition between the PGPR andS. fredii. Our results indicate that the inoculation modes with PGPR and rhizobia play a very important role in the effects produced. Thus, although plant growth promoting rhizobacteria may interact synergistically with root-nodulating rhizobia, plant growth promoting rhizobacteria selected for one crop should be assessed for potentially hazardous effects on other crops before being used as inoculants.     

植物根际促生菌促生特性研究进展

根际微生物组是决定农作物健康状况的关键因素之一,也是调节农作物与生物和非生物环境相互作用的重要因素。植物根际促生菌(plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, PGPR)为农作物宿主提供了多种有益作用,通过化学交流以复杂的方式与农作物、土壤相互作用,进而促进农作物生长。本文综述了PGPR对农作物的促生机制、PGPR与农作物的互作及其在农业实践中的应用,并展望了PGPR在农业实践中应用的发展趋势,以期为今后PGPR的应用和研究提供新的思路和理论支撑。     

含ACC脱氨酶的根际细菌提高植物抗盐性的研究进展

盐胁迫是抑制植物生长的主要非生物因素之一,高浓度的盐分不利于植物体的生长和发育,严重时会导致植物细胞及植物体死亡.已有大量实验结果显示含ACC脱氨酶的根际细菌可以缓解高盐对植物的危害.ACC脱氨酶可以降解乙烯的直接前体1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸(ACC),从而降低胁迫乙烯的合成量.胁迫乙烯是阻碍植物生长的主要原因.首先介...     

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria reduce adverse effects of salinity and osmotic stress by regulating phytohormones and antioxidants in Cucumis sativus

We assessed the role of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) strains viz. Burkholdera cepacia SE4, Promicromonospora sp. SE188 and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus SE370 in counteracting salinity and drought stress to cucumber plants. The control plants had stunted growth, while PGPR-treated plants had significantly higher biomass and chlorophyll contents under salinity and drought stress. The ameliorative effects of PGPR-application were also evidenced by the increased water potential and decreased electrolytic leakage. The PGPR-applied plants had reduced sodium ion concentration, while the potassium and phosphorus were abundantly present as compared to control under stress. Oxidative stress was mitigated by PGPR through reduced activities of catalase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, and total polyphenol as compared to control. The control plants showed up-regulation of stress-responsive abscisic acid as compared to PGPR application, while salicylic acid and gibberellin 4 were significantly higher in PGPR. In conclusion, the PGPR application might be used in marginalized agricultural lands to increase crop productivity.     

Detection and quantification of Paenibacillus polymyxa in the rhizosphere of wild barley (Hordeum spontaneum) with real-time PCR

Aim:  To detect and quantify the plant drought tolerance enhancing bacterium Paenibacillus polymyxa in a collection of 160 Hordeum spontaneum rhizosphere samples at the 'Evolution Canyon' ('EC'), Israel.
Methods and Results:  PCR primers and a FAM-TAMRA probe (6-carboxyfluorescein, 6-carboxy-tetramethyl-rhodamine) targeting 16S rRNA genes were designed and used to detect and quantify the target strain. Two commercial kits, Bio101 Fast Spin and Mo Bio Ultra Clean Soil DNA, were tested for DNA isolation from the rhizosphere and surrounding soil. Population densities of P. polymyxa were studied in the rhizosphere of wild barley and surrounding soil from the contrasting climatic slopes at the 'EC' using the real-time PCR and culture based methods.
Conclusion:  Paenibacillus polymyxa is one of the best established species in wild barley rhizosphere at the 'EC' slopes. With the real-time PCR assay we are able to detect 1 pg of DNA per PCR corresponding to 100 cells per ml. The results at the 'EC' correlate well to bacterial estimations by culture based methods.
Significance and Impact of the Study:  Significantly higher P. polymyxa cell number was detected in the rhizosphere of arid 'African' microclimate indicating possible role of adaptive co-evolution with plants.     

三种蓝莓根际细菌的分离及其对蓝莓苗生长发育的影响

【目的】从3种蓝莓根际土壤中分离细菌,探究蓝莓根际土壤细菌多样性,并筛选具有产酸、促生长、抑菌性能的菌株,为蓝莓专用微生物肥料的研究提供优质菌株资源和理论基础。【方法】选用5种培养基分离3种蓝莓根际土壤细菌,并进行16S rRNA基因测序和系统发育分析。筛选产酸、产吲哚-3-乙酸（indole-3-acetic acid,IAA）和铁载体、固氮、溶磷和抑制灰葡萄孢生长的菌株,挑选最适菌株制备菌剂进行蓝莓苗盆栽实验验证促生能力,并检测菌剂对蓝莓元素吸收和根际土壤肥力的影响。【结果】从3种蓝莓根际土壤分离得到124株细菌,挑选70株代表性菌株进行16S rRNA基因测序,分布于3个门21个属,其中芽孢杆菌属（Bacillus）、假单胞菌属（Pseudomonas）、链霉菌属（Streptomyces）和红球菌属（Rhodococcus）为优势分离菌群。代表性菌株中,21.4%的菌株能产酸,21.4%的菌株产吲哚-3-乙酸,47.1%的菌株具有固氮潜力,65.7%的菌株具有解磷能力,14.3%的菌株能产铁载体。少量菌株同时具有产酸、产IAA、固氮、解磷和抑菌等能力。选取具有产酸和多种促生特征的菌株绿针假单胞菌CSM-70和双鱼假单胞菌CSM-129进行盆栽蓝莓苗处理,发现2株菌均能显著促进蓝莓苗的生长发育并调控根际土壤pH,其中菌株CSM-70处理还显著促进了蓝莓叶片氮、磷元素的吸收,提升了土壤速效钾、碱解氮的含量。【结论】蓝莓根际细菌多样性高且蕴藏着丰富的促生长菌株,绿针假单胞菌CSM-70和双鱼假单胞菌CSM-129能够促进蓝莓苗生长、调控根际土壤pH和肥力,并促进植株养分吸收,具有蓝莓专用微生物菌剂研制与应用的潜力。     

肠杆菌FYP1101对盐胁迫下小麦幼苗的促生效应

【背景】中国盐碱地面积大、分布广、类型丰富,主要分布在东北、西北、华北及滨海地区,近年来的研究表明通过生物治理方式接种植物根际促生菌可提高植物对盐胁迫的抗性,从而加速盐碱地治理。【目的】初步揭示肠杆菌(Enterobacter sp.)FYP1101对盐胁迫下小麦幼苗的促生效应和机理,以期为该菌株的田间应用提供理论依据。【方法】基于涂布划线技术,以植酸磷培养基进行分离纯化,分别以Ashby培养基、无机磷培养基进行具有固氮、解无机磷能力细菌的初筛,之后对纯化所得细菌进行固氮、解植酸磷、解无机磷、产铁载体、产1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸(ACC)脱氨酶、产吲哚乙酸(IAA)能力的分析;基于16S r RNA基因序列对FYP1101做初步分类鉴定;设置3种处理(施加含FYP1101的颗粒菌肥,FP;施加不含菌的空载体颗粒,NK;颗粒菌肥和空载体颗粒都不施加的空白处理,CK),采用盆栽试验分析不同处理下的盐胁迫小麦生长性状及其根际土理化性质变化。【结果】共分离得到96株菌,其中一株编号为FYP1101的菌株耐盐性达8%,且具有较强的固氮能力[固氮酶活性为2.59 nmol C2H4/(h?mg蛋白)]、解植酸磷能力(2.70μg/m L)、解无机磷能力(4.29μg/m L)、产铁载体能力(D/d为2.88)、ACC脱氨酶活性[7.32μmolα-丁酮酸/(h·mg蛋白)]、产IAA能力(24.93 mg/L);基于16S r RNA基因序列,将FYP1101鉴定为Enterobacter属的菌株;FP相比NK和CK处理,显著提高了盐胁迫下小麦的叶绿素含量及地上和地下的生物量(提高约19%-54%),显著增加了根长(增幅约46%);根际土有机质和速效氮含量也显著提高,提高约52%-98%,根际土p H略降低(0.12和0.17),盐度升高约40%。【结论】Enterobacter sp.FYP1101具有多种植物促生特性,可显著影响盐胁迫下小麦幼苗根形态的建成,提高根际土营养、降低小麦对盐的吸收,促进小麦幼苗生长,在促进植物适应逆境胁迫方面具有良好的应用潜力。     

Active attachment ofAzospirillum brasilense to root surface of non-cereal plants and to sand particles

The rhizosphere bacteriumAzospirillum brasilense Cd adsorbed strongly to light-textured and heavy-textured soils, but only slightly to quartz sand. Bacterial attachment to sand particles was mediated by a network made up of various sizes and shapes of fibrillar material. Inoculation of sand with an aggregate-deficient mutant resulted in no detectable fibrillar formation. Rinsing or agitating the sand, colonized by the wild-type and the mutant, had a greater effect on the mutant than on the parental strain. We propose that bacterial fibrils are essential for anchoring ofA. brasilense to sand. A. brasilense Cd was capable of efficiently colonizing the elongation and root-hair zones of tomato, pepper, cotton and soybean plants as well as of wheat plants. All inoculated plants demonstrated: (i) larger amounts of a mucigel-like substance on the root surface than non-inoculated plants, and (ii) fibrillar material which anchored the bacterial cells to the root surface. These fibrils established also connections between cells within bacterial aggregates. On non-water stressed soybean roots, mostA. brasilense Cd cells occurred as vibroid forms. Whereas, those on roots of water-stressed plants.(wilting) were cyst-like. A lower rhizosphere bacterial population was observed on water-stressed plants. When water stress conditions were eliminated, cells reverted to the vibroid form. A concomitant increase in the bacterial population was observed. We suggest that cyst-like formation is a natural response forA. brasilense Cd in the rhizosphere of water-stressed plants.     

两株芽孢杆菌对花生幼苗生长及其根际土壤微生物群落结构的影响

【背景】贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(Bacillus velezensis)和坚强芽孢杆菌(Bacillus firmus)对花生的促生作用及促生机制研究尚未见报道。【目的】从微生物群落结构和土壤氮磷钾有效养分两个方面综合解析两株芽孢杆菌(贝莱斯芽孢杆菌HP9和坚强芽孢杆菌HP10)对花生的促生机制。【方法】以两株芽孢杆菌为研究对象,通过单独灌根或混合灌根盆栽花生,测定其对花生生长及根际土壤氮磷钾有效养分的影响;利用高通量测序技术分析灌根组与对照组花生根际土壤的细菌和真菌群落结构及多样性。【结果】与对照组相比,3个灌根处理组均明显促进了花生幼苗茎部的伸长及鲜重的增加,根际土壤碱解氮含量显著提高,有效磷和速效钾含量有不同程度增加。芽孢杆菌对花生根际土壤的微生物多样性无显著影响,但影响了细菌和真菌的群落结构组成。灌根处理组根际土壤的拟杆菌门及Mortierellomycota等相对丰度显著增加,在属水平上,农杆菌属、节杆菌属、芽孢杆菌属、伯克霍尔德氏菌属、黄杆菌属、Pedobacter、极地单胞菌属、假单胞菌属、鞘脂单胞菌属、寡养单胞菌属等属的相对丰度明显提高,而且无色杆菌属、短波单胞菌属、金黄色杆菌...     

The effect of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria on the phytoextraction of Cd and Zn by Brassica napus L.

The test strains Bacteroidetes bacterium (Ba), Pseudomonas fluorescens (Pf) and Variovorax sp. (Va) were selected in advance for their in vitro capability for growth promotion of rapeseed in the presence of increased concentrations of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn in the medium. In the pot experiment, the strains were used for single Ba, Pf, Va or combined Ba + Pf, Ba + Va, Pf + Va, and Ba + Pf + Va inoculation of B. napus growing in contaminated soil from alluvial deposits. The positive effect of bacterial strains on plant growth was observed in vitro, but was not confirmed in situ in the contaminated soil, where the tested strains inhibited biomass production, rather than stimulating it. However, single inoculation with Ba significantly increased the chlorophyll content and K⁺ concentration in the leaves. The inoculation of rapeseed with Ba and Va strains was indicated to be the most promising combination for phytoextraction of Cd and Zn from contaminated soil. Combined inoculation with Pf+Va and Pf + Ba+Va significantly decreased the concentration of heavy metals in the roots of rapeseed. We conclude that suitable combinations of PGPR can control the metal uptake of B. napus, selectively increasing either metal extraction or metal stabilization in the rhizosphere and offering promising applications in soil remediation.