蒙花忍冬的组织培养与快速繁殖研究

以金银花 蒙花 品系的茎段为外植体 ,于 MS和 B5附加不同激素配比的培养基上 ,探讨愈伤组织形成和丛生芽诱导及生根培养的条件 .诱导愈伤组织和丛生芽的培养基为 B5+BA2 .0 m g· L- 1 +KT0 .2～ 0 .5 mg· L- 1+IAA 0 .5～ 1 .0 mg· L- 1 +L H 1 0 0 0 m g· L- 1 ,继代增殖培养的培养基为 B5+BA 2 .0 m g· L- 1 +KT 0 .5 m g·L- 1 +IAA1 .0 m g· L- 1 +L H1 0 0 0 m g· L- 1和 B5+BA2 .0 mg· L- 1 +KT0 .36 m g· L- 1 +IAA1 .0 mg· L- 1+CH 1 0 0 0 m g· L- 1 +1 / 2 MS :大量元素 ,生根培养基为 1 / 2 MS +IBA 0 .2 mg· L- 1 +L H 1 0 0 0 mg·L- 1 .结果表明 L H和 CH在金银花愈伤组织和丛生芽诱导方面具明显的作用     

亚精胺调控菊花不定根发生的生理机制

以菊花(Dendranthema morifolium)品种‘神马’为试验材料,研究外源亚精胺(spermidine,Spd)及其抑制剂二环己胺(dicyclohexyl amine,DCHA)对不定根发生及相关生理生化指标的影响。结果显示,外源Spd处理可以比对照提前2 d生根,并且对生根和种苗质量提高有显著效果,增加了扦插菊花叶片叶绿素、可溶性糖、淀粉和可溶性蛋白的积累,并且显著提高了茎基部IAA的含量以及IAA/ABA和IAA/ZR的比值,降低了ABA、ZR、JA、GA含量,同时提高茎基部POD和PPO活性;DCHA对生根和种苗质量有抑制作用,并且生理指标均表现出不同程度的抑制作用;DCHA处理完再用Spd处理的插穗可以缓解DCHA的抑制。结果表明:一定浓度的Spd通过影响叶绿素、营养物质、内源激素及相关酶活性,影响菊花不定根的形成。     

LED光质对番茄幼苗生长及内源性GA和IAA含量的影响

采用发光二极管调制光谱能量分布,以荧光灯为对照,研究不同光质(红光、蓝光、黄光、绿光)下番茄幼苗生理特性及内源性GA和IAA水平与其生长的关系。结果表明:(1)红光和蓝光有利于番茄幼苗茎的伸长和叶面积的增加。(2)除蓝光处理下可溶性糖含量和SOD活性与对照无显著性差异外,各单色光质处理下番茄幼苗根系活力、色素含量、可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量、SOD活性较对照均显著降低。(3)与对照相比,各单色光质处理下番茄幼苗叶片中GA含量显著降低,IAA含量在红光下显著升高,在黄光和绿光下显著降低,且叶面积与IAA含量呈显著正相关关系。(4)番茄幼苗茎中GA和IAA含量在红光和蓝光处理下显著高于对照和黄、绿光处理,且株高与茎中GA和IAA含量呈正相关关系。     

番茄下胚轴离体培养植株再生及其组织学观察

研究了上海地区的主要栽培品种之一“鲜丰”番茄下胚轴离体培养过程中的激素调控 ,结果表明 :“鲜丰”番茄下胚轴进行离体培养过程中 ,MS培养基上附加不同浓度的生长素( IAA)和细胞分裂素 ( BA) ,对愈伤组织的形成影响不大 ,但对不定芽的分化有较大的影响 ,得出最佳培养基为 MS+ BA1 .0～ 2 .0 mg· L- 1+ IAA0 .2 mg· L- 1。用不同浓度的 ZT、BA、KT进行单因子芽器官的诱导实验 ,发现 ZT的作用力强于 BA和 KT,KT最弱 ;用不同浓度NAA、IAA、IBA、2 ,4- D进行发根培养实验 ,发现番茄的内源生长素浓度较高 ,用外植体直接发根外加生长素有一定的作用 ,若用不定芽扦插发根 ,不附加生长素也极易发根 ,故番茄的生根培养基为 1 /2 MS或 MS附加 IAA 0 .0 5～ 0 .1 mg· L- 1。另外 ,对有关细胞启动、分裂、分化以及器官发生的组织学观察表明 :番茄离体培养中不定芽通常发生在愈伤组织的周边区 ,也可起源于维管组织结节周围的形成层状细胞。不定根则由茎中柱鞘处发生。     

栓皮栎茎段离体培养的研究

以4～6个月的实生苗茎段为外植体,研究了离体条件下培养基及激素对栓皮栎器官发生和植株再生的影响。结果表明:初代培养选用低盐培养基WPM、BTM和GD,附加0.2mg·L-16-BA,丛生芽较多,茎粗壮,生长势健壮,均好于高盐培养基MS。继代培养时,以BTM为基本培养基,添加0.2～0.6mg·L-16-BA有利于茎芽增殖和生长,当6-BA浓度为0.8～1.0mg·L-1时,不利于茎芽伸长。以WPM为基本培养基,附加NAA0.1mg·L-1和IBA0.25mg·L-1时,生根率高,根系发育好。     

水杨酸对黄瓜幼苗抗高温胁迫能力的影响

对津绿2号黄瓜四叶期的幼苗分别喷施0、50、100和200μmol·L-1的水杨酸(SA)溶液,24h后以42℃的高温胁迫24h。结果表明:不同浓度的SA溶液均可降低黄瓜叶片中的相对电导率和丙二醛(MDA)含量,增加SOD活性,以50μmol·L-1的效果最优。但相对电导率和MDA含量的降幅及SOD活性的增幅则随SA浓度的增加而减小。     

海滨锦葵胚轴愈伤组织诱导及植株再生

以海滨锦葵(Kosteletzkya virginica)胚轴为外植体,在9种不同激素配比的培养基上进行愈伤组织诱导、继代培养、不定芽分化及生根培养,确定了植株再生的最适培养条件:(1)愈伤组织诱导最适培养基为MS+IAA 1．0 mg·L-1+KT 0.3 mg·L-1+sucrose 30 g·L-1+agar 8 g·L-1,愈伤组织诱导率为93．94％;(2)不定芽诱导最适培养基为MS+IAA 0．1 mg·L-1+ZT 0．5 mg·L-1+sucrose 30 g·L-1+agar 8 g·L-1,不定芽诱导率为65．83％;(3)生根最适培养基为MS+sucrose 30 g·L-1+ agar 8 g·L-1,生根率为96．67％。炼苗移栽后,成活率可达85％。     

红光下菊花水培插枝的生根和某些生理生化变化

菊花 (Dendranthemamorifolium)品种千头小黄菊 ,由本校花房提供。 4月初 ,选取生长一致且粗壮的千头小黄菊茎段 1 2 0枝 ,分成 2组 ,每组 60枝。剪取长约 1 2cm的插条 ,每插条上端留 2对展开的叶片 ,去除下面的叶片 ,并将基部削成楔形面 ,将基部分别插入盛有 3cm深的 1 0mg·L- 1 NAA的烧杯中 ,每杯装 30枝 ,浸泡基部 1 2h。然后将浸泡过的材料移至盛有自来水的培养罐中 ,每罐 4枝。将培养罐分别置于红光和自然光 (光照度 2 4μmol·m- 2 ·s- 1 ,光照时间 1 0h·d- 1 )下 ,温度为2 5℃左右。培养罐内的自来水每 3d换 1次 ,每天喷水 2～ …     

PP333对怀地黄试管苗形态及生理特性的影响

研究PP333对怀地黄试管苗生长及一些生理指标的影响。通过单因子实验、比色法和愈创木酚法探讨PP333对试管苗的影响。结果表明,不同浓度PP333均促进试管苗芽的萌发,使根系粗壮,根数增加,低浓度PP333(0.01、0.05mg·L-1)促进试管苗茎的伸长生长,高浓度(0.1、2mg·L-1)抑制茎、叶生长,PP333浓度为2mg·L-1时壮苗效果最佳。PP333处理使试管苗生长中期叶片可溶性蛋白含量、POD活力提高。适宜浓度的PP333可以改变试管苗的生理特性,达到培育壮苗的目的。     

密云水库集水区人工油松水源保护林降水化学性质研究

对北京密云水库集水区人工油松水源保护林降水化学性质研究表明 ,在研究区大气降水化学元素含量在观测时段内变幅较大 ;测定时段内各元素加权平均值之和为 12 0 0 1mg·L-1,大气降水中各元素含量按大小排序为Ca >N >K >Mg >Na >P >Fe >Zn >Cu >Mn ;大气降水经过林冠层后 ,林内穿透降水和树干茎流中各化学元素含量变化不一 ,但多数元素含量增加且总量呈增加趋势 ,林内穿透降水化学元素加权平均值之和为2 0 614mg·L-1,树干茎流为 73 3 2 4mg·L-1,比林外降水分别高出 8 613mg·L-1和 61 3 2 3mg·L-1,引起树干茎流和穿透降水中化学元素总量增加的主要原因是K含量增加所致 ,K在林内穿透降水和树干茎流中的含量约是大气降水含量的 3倍和 2 5倍 .     

光质、光强对入侵植物紫茎泽兰种子萌发及幼苗状态的影响

为了探讨紫茎泽兰种子需光萌发特性,对光质（不同颜色、红光/远红光）和光强对种子萌发率及幼苗状态进行了研究。研究发现：不同颜色光对发芽率影响显著,其中黄光、橙光和红光等波长在（591~750 nm）之间的光更有利于提高种子的萌发率（74.3%~83.3%）,而较短波长的光（<570 nm,紫光、蓝光和绿光）促进效果显著降低（62.3%~66.7%）（p<0.05）。光强对紫茎泽兰种子发芽和幼苗影响较光的颜色更具有规律性。黑暗条件下发芽率22%,随着光照提高,发芽率指数增加(r²=0.96),芽长指数下降(r²=0.99)、根长指数增加(r²=0.98),而鲜重呈现线性增加(r²=0.70)。适量红光（630 nm）和远红光（730 nm）照射能够打破和引起休眠,红光照射量与发芽率提高量成线性正相关（r²=0.98）,而远红光照射率与发芽率降低量呈线性正相关（r²=0.92）,说明紫茎泽兰需光萌发是一个光敏色素引起的过程。紫茎泽兰通常在裸地和人为干扰土壤上泛滥,这可能与其种子需光萌发有关。而对其生态学控制可以考虑从光强、特别是光质角度（如人工造林）控制种子萌发来实现。     

Influence of light intensity and wavelength on phototactic behaviour of larval silver perch Bidyanus bidyanus and golden perch Macquana ambigua and the effectiveness of light traps

Larval golden perch, Macquaria ambigua , and silver perch, Bidyanus bidyanus , were exposed to light gradients in wavebands centred on 400, 496, 601 and 695 nm at nominal quantum irradiance values of 0–1, 1–0 and 10 μmol m⁻² s^−l. Silver perch larvae displayed stronger phototactic behaviour than golden perch, and both species were most responsive to light in the 601 nm waveband. The intensity of phototactic responses in both species was greater at higher irradiance levels. Enhanced responsiveness to longer wavelengths reflects possible adaptations to life in turbid habitats where the underwater light field is dominated by yellow/orange wavebands.
At night, traps fitted with 12 h yellow lightsticks attracted more golden perch larvae than traps with blue, green, orange, red or no lightstick. The efficacy of yellow lightsticks may be due to yellow/orange wavebands not being attenuated under water as rapidly as blue or red wavebands. Yellow lightsticks also emit a greater intensity of light over a longer time than other colours tested, which may have increased the effectiveness of yellow traps. Light traps were ineffective during the day.     

光质及种子大小对普洱地区14种植物种子萌发的影响

以普洱地区14种常见植物种子为材料,在实验室条件下研究了其在白光、黑暗、红光和蓝光条件下的萌发特性,并分析了种子大小与萌发率、萌发速率、萌发开始时间的关系。结果表明:光质对四方蒿、沙针、尖子木、藿香蓟种子萌发率和萌发速率均有显著影响(P0.05)。光质对大叶斑鸠菊、云南山枇花、臭灵丹、车桑子、光萼猪屎豆、葫芦茶、云南地桃花、西南宿苞豆、岗柃、中国宿苞豆10个物种的种子萌发率和萌发速率均没有显著影响(P0.05),以上物种中除中国宿苞豆外,其他物种种子萌发率均在20%以下,处于休眠状态。四方蒿种子在白光(89.9%)和红光(84.7%)下萌发率最高,红光下种子萌发最快(4.93),蓝光下种子萌发开始时间最晚(11.3 d);沙针种子在白光下萌发率最高(80.4%)、萌发速率最快(2.71),在黑暗和蓝光下萌发率较低(43.9%和38%)、萌发速率最慢(0.73和0.85),白光、红光下萌发开始最早(11 d),黑暗条件下萌发开始最晚(21.7 d);尖子木种子萌发率在白光、黑暗、蓝光下均在86%以上,而红光下仅32%且萌发速率最慢(1.29),在蓝光下萌发开始时间最晚(13 d);藿香蓟种子萌发率和萌发速率在红光下最高(分别为71.3%和6.46),黑暗条件下最低(分别为42.5%和2.62);大叶斑鸠菊萌发开始时间在黑暗条件下最早(6 d),其次是白光下(7 d),蓝光和红光下较晚,分别为8 d和7.7 d。14个物种种子的萌发率与种子大小间均有显著负相关关系;种子萌发速率、萌发开始时间与种子大小间也有负相关关系,但不显著;种子大小与萌发率、萌发速率和萌发开始时间的关系不会随着光质的变化而发生变化。     

蓝光、紫外光的受体及其对CHS表达诱导的研究

植物在进化过程中形成了对环境信号反应的能力,光是植物生长发育中的一个重要的环境信号,综述了蓝光,紫外光的受体及蓝光,紫外光对编码植物类黄酮合成中的一个重要的限速酶－苯基苯乙烯酮合酶基因CHS的诱导作用,并介绍该反应信号转导的可能组分。     

The effect of SAN 9789 and light on the germination of seeds from Taraxacum vulgare

Photoblastic seeds (achenes) of Taraxacum vulgare coll. were treated with a water solution of SAN 9789, 4-chloro-5 (methylamino) -2- (α,α,α-trifluoro- m -tolyl) -3(2H) pyridazinone. SAN-treatment increased the germination in darkness from 0 to 12%. An irradiation for 5 min with red light, giving a germination of 12% for seeds in water only, gave together with SAN treatment a germination of 60%. In both water and SAN, the effect of red irradiation could be reversed by a short irradiation (15 min) of far-red light. If far-red light was repeatedly given (5 min per h) it had hardly any effect on germination in water (4% germination), but for seeds in SAN solution, intermittent far-red light had a stimulating effect (63% germination). If far-red light was given continuously for 96 h, the germination in water was 1% and in SAN solution 17%. The results in the present paper indicate that SAN may broaden the concentration interval of P_fr for which germination is high.     

光质对杉木种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

光是影响森林早期天然更新(种子萌发和幼苗生长)的重要因子之一.但光质对杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata(Lamb.) Hook)早期更新的影响尚不清楚.为探讨光质对杉木种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响机制,以杉木种子为研究对象,通过设置8h白光(W)、8h红光(R)、6h红光-2 h远红光(R-FR)、4h红光-2 h远红光-2 h红光(R-FR-R)、黑暗(D,对照)5种不同光质处理,观察种子萌发及幼苗生长特征.结果表明,不同光质处理对杉木种子萌发影响显著,D和R-FR-R处理促进杉木种子萌发,R处理抑制种子萌发.最后一次照光选择红光处理(R和R-FR-R)能够显著促进杉木幼苗根和子叶的伸长,促进生物量积累以及增加叶生物量分配比例,但抑制茎的伸长,远红光处理则促进茎的生长.杉木种子为光不敏感种子,黑暗处理下萌发率最高,且远红光间断处理能够相对促进其萌发,说明杉木种子可以较好地适应异质光环境.     

Adaptational changes in the lipids and fatty acid profile of the cell and thylakoid membrane of rice plants exposed to sunlight

Adaptational changes occurring in the lipids and fatty acids of the cell and the thylakoid membrane in response to high light treatment, was studied in 30 days old rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Jyothi) plants grown under low (150–200 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹) or moderate (600–800 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹) light conditions. Results were compared with rice plants grown in high (1200–2200 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹) light conditions. Exposure of rice plants and isolated chloroplast to high light, resulted in an increase in the amount of malonaldehyde, indicating oxidation of membrane lipids. Qualitative and quantitative changes in the phosphoglycolipids and quantitative changes in neutral lipids were observed in rice plants grown under the different growth conditions. A few of the phosphoglycolipids and neutral lipids were present exclusively in plants grown at low or moderate or high light, indicating requirement of different type of lipid composition of rice plants in response to their different growth irradiances. However, no significant quantitative changes were observed in the different saturated and unsaturated fatty acid groups of total lipids in low, moderate and high light grown rice plants, as a result of exposure to high light. No qualitative changes in the fatty acid composition due to difference in growth irradiance or high light treatment were seen. The changes observed in the phosphoglycolipids and neutral lipid composition of cell and thylakoid membrane of low, moderate and high light grown rice plants in response to high light, are probably the result of physiological changes in the rice plants, to sustain optimum structure and function of the cell and thylakoid membrane to maintain active physiological functions to endure high light conditions.     

Changes in alkaline phosphatase activity and phosphate uptake in P-limited phytoplankton,induced by light intensity and spectral quality

Alkaline phosphatase activity and P uptake were determined in P-limited Dunaliella tertiolecta, Thalassiosira pseudonana, Phaeodactylum tricornumtum, and Prymnesium parvum grown under different light intensities and colors. Both intracellular and extracellular enzyme activities varied with the intensity and quality of light in a species-specific manner. The spectral composition of the light also affected P uptake kinetics. No correlation was found between enzyme activity and V_max both within a species and for pooled data for all four species, indicating that the change in uptake kinetics and enzyme activity was not related to P limitation, but induced by the light conditions. Changes in the optimum N:P ratio induced by light were also not related to P uptake kinetics or enzyme activity. These data suggest that light conditions may in themselves have profound effects on species competition for limiting nutrients. Furthermore, since both alkaline phosphatase activity and P uptake were influenced by the prevailing light conditions we suggest that these parameters be used cautiously when determining the P nutritional status of phytoplankton in nature.Address for reprint requests     

螺旋藻细胞培养与光能利用的关系

对钝顶螺旋藻(Spirulina platensis Geitler)细胞培养体系的光衰减以及连续培养条件下藻细胞生长对光能的利用特性进行了分析,结果表明改进的Lambert-Beer定律I=I0exp(-αxL)可较好地描述细胞浓度及光程对光衰减的综合影响;引入平均光强和细胞平均比消光量概念,借鉴Monod方程形式,较好地描述了它们与比生长速率之间的关系,并求得最大比生长速率μm、光强半饱和参数kI、光能维持系数m和得率系数YG分别为μm=1.75/d,kI=1.453×10