2株海洋来源产浅蓝霉素A的异壁放线菌的分离和鉴定

利用抗菌及卤虫致死活性模型,从中国南海海底沉积物来源的微生物中筛选到2株放线菌SCSIO WJ01和SCSIO ZJ63,其发酵产物具有较强活性,经16S rRNA基因序列分析这2株放线菌均为异壁放线菌Actinoalloteichus sp.。HPLC-DAD分析显示2株放线菌能产生同一个主要的次级代谢产物,通过正相硅胶柱色谱、反相中压柱色谱、半制备高效液相色谱等手段,从SCSIO WJ01的发酵产物中分离获得了该化合物,运用ESI-MS、1H及13C NMR波谱分析鉴定为浅蓝霉素A(Caerulomycin A)。此外,还从SCSIO WJ01的发酵产物中分离鉴定了浅蓝霉素D。     

南海珊瑚来源真菌Aspergillus sp.SCSIO 40435的分离鉴定及其次级代谢产物研究

【目的】南海珊瑚共附生真菌Aspergillus sp. SCSIO 40435次级代谢产物分离鉴定及抑菌活性筛选。【方法】利用稀释涂布平板法分离珊瑚共附生真菌。采用单菌多代谢产物方法(one strain many compounds,OSMAC)对分离菌株进行化学多样性筛选,并采用滤纸片扩散法对真菌发酵产物进行抑菌活性分析。通过ITS测序鉴定活性菌株SCSIO 40435的分类地位,运用多种色谱手段从其粗提物中分离纯化单体化合物,并利用各种波谱手段(HRESIMS、1D和2D NMR、单晶X-ray衍射法等)确定化合物的结构。最后,采用微量肉汤稀释法对单体化合物的抑菌活性进行评估。【结果】从南海珊瑚样品中分离得到19株共附生真菌,结合化学多样性和抑菌活性分析,筛选出1株产物丰富且具有多种抑菌活性的菌株SCSIO40435。利用ITS测序分析将其鉴定为曲霉属真菌(Aspergillus sp.),进一步从其发酵产物中分离鉴定了4个对三联苯类化合物：dicandidusin A(1)、candidusin A(2)、terphenyllin(3)和4″-deoxyterphenylli...     

深海来源链霉菌Streptomyces griseorubens SCSIO ZY0206多酚蒽酮类代谢产物的研究

从中国南海北部3563 m深的沉积物中分离获得放线菌SCSIO ZY0206,经16S分子生物学鉴定为Streptomyces griseorbens.其发酵产物具有抗菌活性,进而以抗菌活性为指导,采用硅胶柱层析及半制备高效液相色谱法对其代谢产物进行追踪分离,得到4个多酚蒽酮类化合物,经HR-ESI-MS、ESI-MS、1H及13C NMR和HMBC谱鉴定为resistoflavine(1)、resistomycin(2)、1-hydroxy-l-norresistomycin (3)和tetracenomycin D (4).     

放线菌Streptomyces nojiriensis SCSIO m34-1吩嗪生物碱类次级代谢产物的研究北大核心CSCD

从我国黑龙江漠河泥土中分离得到一株放线菌,通过16S rRNA基因测序分析,鉴定该菌株为Streptomyces nojiriensis SCSIO m34-1。采用摇瓶发酵方法对该菌株进行发酵,发酵产物经硅胶柱色谱及半制备高效液相分离得到7个化合物,利用HR-MS、1D和2D NMR波谱数据分析,鉴定其结构分别为izuminoside D(1)、izuminoside A(2)、solphenazine E(3)、solphenazine D(4)、solphenazine A(5)、6-羟基吩嗪-1-羧酸甲酯(methyl 6-hydroxyphenazine-1-carboxylate,6)和diastaphenazine(7),其中izuminoside D(1)是新化合物。抗真菌活性测试结果表明izuminoside D(1)在浓度为50μg/m L时,对苹果腐烂病菌(Valsa mali)和小麦赤霉病菌(Gibberella sanbinetti)有微弱抑制活性。     

放线菌Streptomyces nojiriensis SCSIO m34-1吩嗪生物碱类次级代谢产物的研究

从我国黑龙江漠河泥土中分离得到一株放线菌,通过16S rRNA基因测序分析,鉴定该菌株为Streptomyces nojiriensis SCSIO m34-1。采用摇瓶发酵方法对该菌株进行发酵,发酵产物经硅胶柱色谱及半制备高效液相分离得到7个化合物,利用HR-MS、1D和2D NMR波谱数据分析,鉴定其结构分别为izuminoside D(1)、izuminoside A(2)、solphenazine E(3)、solphenazine D(4)、solphenazine A(5)、6-羟基吩嗪-1-羧酸甲酯(methyl 6-hydroxyphenazine-1-carboxylate,6)和diastaphenazine(7),其中izuminoside D(1)是新化合物。抗真菌活性测试结果表明izuminoside D(1)在浓度为50μg/m L时,对苹果腐烂病菌(Valsa mali)和小麦赤霉病菌(Gibberella sanbinetti)有微弱抑制活性。     

海洋来源真菌Aspergillus sp.SCSIO 81-F2抗菌活性次级代谢产物的研究

采用抑菌活性追踪的方法,利用硅胶柱色谱和半制备反相高效液相色谱法对一株南海海洋来源真菌SCSIO 81-F2的发酵产物进行分离,纯化获得3个单体化合物,通过理化性质、MS、NMR及X-单晶衍射分析,分别鉴定为xanthocillin X dimethylether(1)、xanthocillin X monomethylether(2)、6',8'-dimethoxy xanthocillin X dimethylether(3)。经18S r DNA序列分析并构建系统发育进化树,鉴定该菌株为曲霉属真菌Aspergillus sp.SCSIO 81-F2。海洋曲霉菌Aspergillus sp.SCSIO 81-F2是一个能产生具有抗菌活性xanthocillin类抗生素的新来源。     

珠江口沉积物来源链霉菌SCSIO 40020中bafilomycins的鉴定及其生物合成基因簇的异源表达

[目的] 从珠江口沉积物来源的菌株SCSIO 40020中分离bafilomycins,并对其生物合成基因簇进行克隆和异源表达研究。[方法] 通过分析菌株SCSIO 40020的16S rRNA基因序列并构建系统发育树以鉴定菌种,以柱层析法和制备色谱法对次级代谢产物进行分离纯化,借助波谱学手段完成单体化合物的结构鉴定,采用生物信息学分析定位bafilomycins的生物合成基因簇,通过筛选菌株SCSIO 40020基因组的细菌人工染色体文库和接合转移将bafilomycins生物合成基因簇导入3种链霉菌进行异源表达,利用高效液相色谱检测异源表达菌株的发酵产物。[结果] 菌株SCSIO 40020被鉴定为链霉菌属菌株,从其发酵产物中分离鉴定了2个单体化合物bafilomycins A₁和D。克隆了链霉菌SCSIO 40020中bafilomycins的生物合成基因簇并推导了其生物合成途径,在3种链霉菌中表达产生了bafilomycins。[结论] 从珠江口环境中获得了一株产生bafilomycins的链霉菌SCSIO 40020,成功建立了该菌株次级代谢产物生物合成基因簇的异源表达体系,并首次在链霉菌Streptomyces lividans SBT18、Streptomyces coelicolor M1154和Streptomyces albus J1074中进行了表达,获得了bafilomycins,为后续bafilomycins结构类似物的生产和链霉菌SCSIO 40020中新结构活性化合物的挖掘奠定了基础。     

中国南海深海真菌Exophiala sp. SCSIO 05791次级代谢产物研究

对中国南海500 m深海水来源真菌Exophiala sp.SCSIO 05791进行了次级代谢产物研究;综合运用硅胶柱层析、Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱层析、中压反相柱层析以及半制备高效液相等色谱学方法对其大米发酵产物进行分离纯化,从中分离到8个单体化合物,利用核磁共振、质谱等波谱学手段并结合其理化性质及文献数据鉴定了其化学结构:stephacidin A(1)、吲哚-3-乙酸(2)、环(D)-脯氨酸-(D)-苯丙氨酸(3)、反式阿魏酸(4)、顺式阿魏酸(5)、2-(乙酰氨基)-苯酚(6)、氨基苯甲酸(7)、4-羟基苯酞(8)。化合物1~8均为首次从该属中分离得到。     

海洋真菌Eurotium amstelodami SCSIO 151二酮哌嗪吲哚生物碱类次生代谢产物的研究

利用色谱层析技术从海洋真菌SCSIO 151的乙酸乙酯提取物中分离得到5个echinulin类生物碱,经MS及NMR波谱数据分析,分别鉴定为variecolorin G(1)、isoechinulin A(2)、isoechinulin B(3)、neoechinulin E(4)、neoechinulin B(5)。菌株SCSIO 151经18s r DNA序列分析比对鉴定为Eurotium amstelodami。本文首次报道了海洋真菌Eurotium amstelodami SCSIO 151固态发酵生产echinulin类生物碱。     

海洋来源小单孢菌Micromonospora rosaria SCSIO N160中大环内酯类化合物的分离鉴定

放线菌SCSIO N160是从南海海底沉积物中分离到的一株小单孢菌.从Micromonospora rosaria SCSIO N160的发酵液中,我们分离纯化了四个大环内酯类抗生素,通过质谱与核磁共振1H、13C NMR谱的解析,确定为rosamicin(1)、6108B(2)、M-4365 A1(3)和M4365-G1 (4).     

A simple progesterone radioimmunoassay without column chromatography

A radioimmunoassay for plasma progesterone without Chromatographie purification was developed. The 11-hemi-succinate of 11 -hydroxy-progesterone conjugated to bovine serum albumin was injected into rabbits to stimulate antibody production. The resulting antisera was used at a final dilution of 1:3500. The mean recovery of labeled progesterone added to 100 samples after ether extraction (88.9 ± 9.1%) was higher than the recovery obtained when column chromatography followed ether extraction (84.8 ± 7.5%). For comparison, plasma pools were assayed for progesterone with and without the use of columns. A female plasma pool (luteal phase) gave a mean of 546.3 ± 26.5 (SD) ng/100 mls (n = 5) without column chromatography and 557.2 ± 20.8 (SD) ng/100 mls (n = 5) with column chromatography. Another female plasma pool (follicular phase) gave a mean of 87.9 ± 9.6 (SD) ng/100 mls (n = 24) with column chromatography and 93.3 ± 8.6 (SD) ng/100 mls (n = 7) without column chromatography. A male plasma pool gave a mean of 22.8 ± 4.4 (SD) ng/100 mls (n = 13) with column chromatography and 21.8 ± 7.7 (SD) ng/100 mls (n = 3) without column chromatography. The intra assay and inter assay precision gave a coefficient of variation of 3.7 for six samples and 10.9 for 24 samples, respectively. The specificity of the antibody was determined by checking cross reactivity with 26 steroids. The sensitivity (25 pg) and accuracy were proven to be highly satisfactory.     

铜藻岩藻黄素提取及纯化工艺研究

为了对岩藻黄素的提取、纯化进行系统研究,进而为高纯度岩藻黄素的工业化生产提供研究基础,筛选了适用于提取铜藻（Sargassum horneri）鲜藻中岩藻黄素的有机溶剂,并通过单因素实验和正交实验确定了最佳的提取溶剂浓度、提取温度、提取时间、料液比等工艺参数。随后采用硅胶柱层析法进行纯化,并通过单因素实验确定了最佳的硅胶柱床高度、上样量和洗脱流速。最后采用制备液相法对经层析纯化的岩藻黄素进一步纯化。结果表明,有机溶剂萃取的最佳工艺条件为：甲醇浓度90%,提取温度50 ℃,提取时间1 h,料液比1∶10,此条件下岩藻黄素提取率达到(0.258 9±0.003 6) mg·g-1鲜重（FW）［(1.078 8±0.015 0) mg·g-1干重（DW）］。硅胶柱层析的最佳工艺条件为：硅胶柱床高度10 cm,上样量6 g,洗脱流速10 mL·min-1,此条件下岩藻黄素得率为0.176 5 mg·g-1FW（0.735 3 mg·g-1 DW）,纯度为87.01%±0.88%。经制备液相进一步纯化后,岩藻黄素得率为0.127 1 mg·g-1 FW（0.529 4 mg·g-1 DW）,纯度为99.27%±0.22%。研究所用工艺简单,岩藻黄素得率高,为高纯度岩藻黄素的制备提供了实验基础。     

Pre-column derivatization of free bile acids for high-performance liquid chromatographic and gas chromatographic—mass spectrometric analysis

Pentachlorophenyl (PCP) esters of five free bile acids (FBA) were obtained by reacting the FBA and Kovacs' complex (KC) in a 1:8 molar ratio in acetone at 65°C, and were purified by column chromatography on silica gel. The esters were crystallized from benzene—hexane, derivatized as trimethylsilyl ethers for gas chromatography on a DB-1 capillary column and for gas chromatography—mass spectrometry with a DB-5 column, and mass spectrometry (MS) in the electron-impact (EI) positive-ion mode at 70 eV. The reaction is specific for FBA even in the presence of glycine and taurine conjugates of bile acids. The PCP esters were treated with benzylamine in chloroform or methanol to produce N-benzyl derivatives of FBA. The N-benzylamides were separated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on a 4-μm Nova-Pak C₁₈ column, studied by thermospray—LC—MS, and in the direct insertion probe—EI positive-ion mode.     

Lipoprotein separation and low density lipoprotein molecular weight determination using high performance gel-filtration chromatography

Plasma lipoproteins were isolated at d less than 1.225 g/ml from nonhuman primates of three species, cynomolgus, rhesus, and African green (vervet) monkeys. Individual lipoprotein classes were separated by high performance gelfiltration chromatography and low density lipoprotein (LDL) molecular weight was determined. A comparison was made using column configurations including TSK 3000 SW, 4000 SW, and 5000 PW columns. Due to its relative simplicity, stability, and economy, a single 5000 PW column was selected for most of the work. The recovery of lipoprotein cholesterol from the column averaged 91 +/- 2.5%. A comparison of the immunologic, chemical, and electrophoretic properties of high density lipoproteins (HDL) and LDL isolated by this technique with those of HDL and LDL isolated by conventional agarose column chromatography indicated that lipoproteins isolated by high performance gel-filtration chromatography were intact and reasonably free of cross contamination. A standard preparation of 125I-labeled LDL was added to the d less than 1.225 g/ml lipoprotein fraction just prior to separation and a relative size index, r1, was determined. When r1 values for a large number of samples were compared with the log of the LDL molecular weight (determined by agarose column chromatography) a linear relationship was found with a correlation coefficient, r = 0.85. The regression equation for this relationship could be used to calculate LDL molecular weights from the r1 value. These values agreed with LDL molecular weight determined by flotation equilibrium analysis in the analytical ultracentrifuge. We conclude that high performance gel-filtration chromatography using the TSK 5000 PW column provides an analytical and preparative technique for simultaneous separation of individual lipoproteins and determination of LDL molecular weight.     

Purification and characterization of 1-nitropyrene nitroreductases from Bacteroides fragilis

We isolated four nitroreductases from Bacteroides fragilis GAI0624 and examined their physicochemical and functional properties. Two major enzyme activities were found in the adsorbed and unadsorbed fractions from DEAE-cellulose column chromatography. The adsorbed fraction was subjected to Sephadex G-200 column chromatography, and two further activities were separated. One has high nitroreductase activity (nitroreductase I), and the other has low activity and relatively high molecular weight (nitroreductase III). The nitroreductase I fraction was subjected to hydroxylapatite and chromatofocusing column chromatography, and nitroreductase I was purified about 416-fold with a yield of 6.77%. The unadsorbed fraction from DEAE-cellulose column chromatography was subjected to Sepharose 2B and Sepharose 6B column chromatography. Two enzyme activities were obtained by the Sepharose 6B column chromatography. One has high activity (nitroreductase II), and the other has low activity (nitroreductase IV). Nitroreductase II was rechromatographed by Sepharose 6B gel filtration and purified about 178-fold with a yield of 9.65%. The four enzymes (nitroreductases I, II, III, and IV) were shown to be different by several criteria. Their molecular weights, determined by gel filtration, were 52,000, 320,000, 180,000, and 680,000, respectively. The substrate specificity, the effect on mutagenicity of mutagenic nitro compounds, of nitroreductases I, III, and IV was relatively high for 1-nitropyrene, dinitropyrenes, and 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide, respectively, but nitroreductase II had broad specificity. Nitroreductase activity required a coenzyme; nitroreductases II, III, and IV were NADPH linked, but nitroreductase I was NADH linked. All enzyme activity was enhanced by addition of flavin mononucleotide and inhibited significantly by dicumarol, p-chloromercuribenzoic acid, o-iodosobenzoic acid, sodium azide, and Cu2+.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Purification and characterization of 1-nitropyrene nitroreductases from Bacteroides fragilis.

We isolated four nitroreductases from Bacteroides fragilis GAI0624 and examined their physicochemical and functional properties. Two major enzyme activities were found in the adsorbed and unadsorbed fractions from DEAE-cellulose column chromatography. The adsorbed fraction was subjected to Sephadex G-200 column chromatography, and two further activities were separated. One has high nitroreductase activity (nitroreductase I), and the other has low activity and relatively high molecular weight (nitroreductase III). The nitroreductase I fraction was subjected to hydroxylapatite and chromatofocusing column chromatography, and nitroreductase I was purified about 416-fold with a yield of 6.77%. The unadsorbed fraction from DEAE-cellulose column chromatography was subjected to Sepharose 2B and Sepharose 6B column chromatography. Two enzyme activities were obtained by the Sepharose 6B column chromatography. One has high activity (nitroreductase II), and the other has low activity (nitroreductase IV). Nitroreductase II was rechromatographed by Sepharose 6B gel filtration and purified about 178-fold with a yield of 9.65%. The four enzymes (nitroreductases I, II, III, and IV) were shown to be different by several criteria. Their molecular weights, determined by gel filtration, were 52,000, 320,000, 180,000, and 680,000, respectively. The substrate specificity, the effect on mutagenicity of mutagenic nitro compounds, of nitroreductases I, III, and IV was relatively high for 1-nitropyrene, dinitropyrenes, and 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide, respectively, but nitroreductase II had broad specificity. Nitroreductase activity required a coenzyme; nitroreductases II, III, and IV were NADPH linked, but nitroreductase I was NADH linked. All enzyme activity was enhanced by addition of flavin mononucleotide and inhibited significantly by dicumarol, p-chloromercuribenzoic acid, o-iodosobenzoic acid, sodium azide, and Cu2+.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

川芎内生菌Pseudeurotium ovale代谢产物研究

通过大孔树脂柱层析、凝胶柱层析和高效液相色谱等方法对川芎中分离得到的内生菌Pseudeurotium ovale的代谢物进行分离纯化,从中分离得到5个化合物,并通过核磁共振和质谱等波谱学技术手段确认所有化合物的结构,其中包含一个新的化合物4-methoxy-3-methyl-6-(1 E,3 E)-1,3-pentadien-1-yl-2 H-pyran-2-one(1)和四个首次从中分离得到的已知化合物:(2 E,4 E)-1-(2,6-dihydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-2,4-hexadien-1-one(2)、2-deoxy-sohirnone C(3)、trichodimerol(4)、3,7-dihydroxy-1,9-dimethyl-dibenzofuran(5)。体外抗炎活性测试表明化合物1可抑制经脂多糖(LPS)处理的RAW 264.7细胞中NO、IL-6和TNF-α等炎症因子的分泌。     

Trace amounts of ganglioside GM1 in human milk inhibit enterotoxins from Vibrio cholerae and Escherichia coli

Gangliosides were isolated from human milk fat and purified by silica gel column chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Low amounts of the ganglioside GM1, detected by high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC)-immunoassay, were found in all fractions with enterotoxin-inhibitory activity, while fractions without GM1 were inactive. It is concluded that GM1 is responsible for enterotoxin-inhibitory activity in the ganglioside fraction from human milk.     

Purification and characterization of protein synthesis initiation factors IF1, IF2, and IF3 from Escherichia coli.

A simple procedure is described for the purification in high yields of protein synthesis initiation factors IF1, IF2, and IF3 from Escherichia coli strain MRE 600. IF2 was separated from IF1 and IF3 by ammonium sulfate fractionation and was purified by column chromatography on phosphocellulose and diethylaminoethyl (DEAE) Sephadex. IF1 and IF3 were separated by phosphocellulose column chromatography. IF1 was purified by molecular sieve chromatography, and IF3 by phosphocellulose column chromatography in urea buffer. Each factor was analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate or urea polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and was greater than 98% pure. Only one form of IF1 and IF3 was found, with molecular weights of 8,500 and 22,500, respectively. Two forms of IF2 were isolated: IF2a with a molecular weight of 118,000 and IF2b with a molecular weight of 90,000. The amino acid composition of each factor was determined, and their stimulation in a variety of assays for initiation of protein synthesis is reported.