Sugar mixtures and differential absorption during muscular exertion in the athlete

The AA. reports the possibility to prepare special sugar mixtures at various degree of complexity (mono-di-oligo-polisaccharides). These have high solubility and neutral taste. These supply to athletes disposable amounts of glucose for muscular contraction during the play time.     

The peripheral component during dynamic muscular exertion: study of a group of basketball players

The peripheral factor (PF), i.e. the ratio: artero-venous oxygen extraction to total peripheral resistences, has been studied in a total of 8 professional basket players under controlled work-load conditions. The results obtained by continuous monitoring heart rate, oxygen consumption, pulmonary ventilation, arterial blood pressure etc, have shown that from 0 to 150 watt work-load, the PF increases linearly showing a slope of 83 degrees, whereas from 150 to 200 watt the pendence reduces up to 45 degrees. The absolute value of PF from a resting value of 3.83 mlo2 X min-1 X mmHg-1 increases up to 21,64 (at 150 watt) and to a maximum of 23.45 mlo2 X min-1 X mmHg-1 at 200 watt. The slope of the first range of load (83 degrees) is quite similar to what previously observed in endurance athletes (cyclists) whereas the 45 degrees angular coefficient indicates that the increased energy demand in basket-players can be obtained only with a large cardiac load.     

Relationship between hypercapnic and hypoxic stimuli of respiration during muscular activity]

Pulmonary ventilation (V) and alveolar gas composition (PACO2, PAO2) were studied in 12 healthy men who performed gradual muscular work under conditions of controlled hypercapnia, hypoxia, hyperoxia or their combinations. The respiratory response was estimated by absolute values of ventilation at the given PACO2 value and by its rise by 1 mm Hg of increased PACO2 (delta V/delta PACO2) under rest and under transitional and steady-state exercise. The exercise on-switch was accompanied by displacement to the top and an increased slope of the response curve (delta V/delta PACO2) not related to the work load. These changes suggest multiplicative interaction of the neurogenic and hypercapnic drives in the load switch-on. During steady-state exercise an important role of the hypoxic drive was revealed: hypoxemia induced a shift of the delta V/delta PACO2 response curve to a higher level, especially with the great work load. Thus the positive interaction between the hypercapnic and hypoxic respiratory drive augments with muscular exercise.