联合应用siRNA和拉米夫定抑制HBV复制和表达的实验研究

观察联合应用小干扰RNA和拉米夫定对HepG2.2.15细胞中HBV抗原表达和复制的抑制作用。构建并转染重组质粒psil-HBV到HepG2.2.15细胞中。转染后的细胞培养基中加入拉米夫定(0.05μm),分别于48、72、96 h收获细胞。用ELISA方法检测HBeAg和HBsAg;HBV DNA水平用实时定量PCR测定;用逆转录PCR检测HBV mRNA水平。96 h后联合应用小干扰RNA和拉米夫定组细胞培养上清中HBeAg和HBsAg抑制率分别为91.8%和82.4%(P<0.05);HBV mRNA表达水平明显降低。HepG2.2.15细胞中联合应用小干扰RNA和拉米夫定对HBV复制的抑制作用比单独应用siRNA或拉米夫定更有效。     

抑制核转录因子PPARα的反义寡核苷酸的抗乙型肝炎病毒活性研究

目的:研究靶向过氧化物酶体增殖活化受体α(PPARα)的寡核苷酸是否具有抑制乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)复制的活性作用。方法:反义寡核苷酸作用于能稳定表达HBV丹氏颗粒的HepG2.2.15细胞,ELISA检测细胞上清中HBV表面抗原(HBsAg)及e抗原(HBeAg)的分泌;实时荧光定量PCR考察反义寡核苷酸对HBV DNA复制水平的影响;通过反转录PCR和Western印迹考察反义寡核苷酸作用于细胞后靶基因及靶蛋白的差异表达情况。结果:抑制PPARα表达的反义序列PPARα-2可剂量依赖且特异性地抑制肝癌细胞中HBsAg和HBeAg的表达,且显著降低细胞中PPARαmRNA水平和蛋白水平。结论:通过筛选初步确定了基于PPARα设计的反义寡核苷酸有较好的抗HBV活性,同时也验证确定了PPARα可能成为抗HBV药物的新型作用靶点。     

pSUPER介导的RNAi抗乙肝病毒S基因的研究

目的 研究RNAi抗乙肝病毒的作用.方法 设计并合成一段针对HBV S基因的干扰序列及一段无关的序列,克隆进pSUPER载体中,分别构建pSUPEK-HBS、pSUPEK-nonsense载体,然后将pSUPER、pSUPEK-HBS、pSUPER-nonsense转染进HepG2.2.15细胞中,用ELISA方法对细胞上清中HBsAg、HBeAg进行检测.尾静脉注射HBV转基因小鼠,取血清检测.结果 pSUPER-HBS所表达的siRNA成功的抑制了HepG 2.2.15上清及HBV转基因鼠血清中的HBsAg、HBeAg,抑制率分别达到70%、51%以及60%、42%.结论 针对HBV S区的siRNA能明显抑制HBV的复制.     

化学发光Southern blot法检测HBV体外复制及其应用于药物对HBV的抑制分析

目的：建立化学发光Southern blot检测细胞内HBV DNA的方法,同时检测3种不同靶点抗乙肝药物的体外作用。方法：用地高辛标记HBV探针,优化杂交条件,检测来自HepG2及HepG2.2.15 HBV DNA复制中间体;利用建立的化学发光Southern blot检测HBV DNA的方法检测经拉米夫定、Bay41-4109、α-Galcer以不同药物浓度处理的HepG2.2.15HBV DNA复制中间体的水平。结果：（1）标记的HBV探针的检测灵敏度为0.1pg,杂交系统的检测灵敏度为1pg,可检测到HepG2.2.15细胞内的HBV DNA特异性信号;（2）以该法检测胞内HBV DNA可见3种药物都有明显的抑制作用,其半数有效量（IC50）分别为1.53μmol/L、0.41μmol/L、0.01μmol/L。结论：胞质HBV DNA的水平能准确地反映不同靶点抗HBV药物的抗病毒效果,建议在观察药物特别是中药抗病毒研究中采用。     

半乳糖凝集素-3结合蛋白作为正向调节因子参与IFN-γ介导的抗HBV作用

摘要 目的：研究半乳糖凝集素-3结合蛋白（LGALS3BP）在IFN-?酌介导的抗HBV中的作用。方法：采用qRT-PCR及Western Blot分别检测HepG2细胞瞬转过表达质粒及干扰质粒后LGALS3BP转录水平和翻译水平的变化及检测IFN-γ对HepG2细胞内源性LGALS3BP转录水平和翻译水平的影响；采用CCK-8评价LGALS3BP表达量的变化对HepG2细胞增殖的影响及确定IFN-γ处理HepG2和HepG2.215的最适浓度；采用ELISA检测当LGALSEBP表达量发生变化时，IFN-γ刺激后对细胞外分泌的HBsAg和HBeAg的影响；采用q-PCR和RT-PCR分别检测细胞内HBV核衣壳中DNA和细胞内HBV RNA水平。结果：40 ng/mL的IFN-γ处理HepG2细胞48小时，LGALS3BP mRNA表达量与对照组相比提高2.87倍，但LGALS3BP表达量的变化对细胞增殖无显著作用；当过表达LGALS3BP时，在IFN-γ介导的抗HBV过程中，与对照组相比，HepG2.215细胞分泌的HBsAg、HBeAg以及细胞内HBV DNA和RNA的相对下降幅度分别为46%、67%、59%、49%；与对照组相比，转染pCH9-3091的HepG2细胞分泌的HBsAg、HBeAg以及细胞内HBV DNA和RNA的相对下降幅度分别为67%、53%、60%、29%；而当干扰LGALS3BP时，在IFN-γ介导的抗HBV过程中，与对照组相比，HepG2.215细胞分泌的HBsAg、HBeAg以及细胞内HBV DNA和RNA的相对上升幅度分别为46%、67%、59%、49%；与对照组相比，转染pCH9-3091的HepG2细胞分泌的HBsAg、HBeAg以及细胞内HBV DNA和RNA的相对上升幅度分别为67%、77%、67%、45%。结论：LGALS3BP作为正向调节因子参与IFN-?酌介导的抗HBV过程。     

靶向HBs基因的shRNA表达载体的构建及其抑制HepG2.2.15表达HBVsAg的作用

探索用PGenesil-1(Pg)构建的靶向乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原(HBsAg)基因的shRNA表达载体PGenesil-1-HBs(简称Pgs),对体外培养HepG2.2.15细胞中的HBV基因及其抗原表达的抑制作用.设计、合成靶向HBV S区的3对DNA序列,分别插入PGenesil-1中构建3个siRNA表达载体Pgs1、Pgs2、Pgs3,经限制性内切酶,DNA序列测定等技术鉴定确认.筛选并确定最佳细胞接种量及重组质粒转染量后,分别或按不同组合转染HepG-2.2.15细胞,48 h后采用半定量RT-PCR检测HBVsmRNA转录水平,免疫细胞化学技术检测HBsAg表达水平,MEIA分别检测细胞裂解液和培养上清中HBsAg和HBeAg的表达水平.结果表明,HBV真核表达载体Pgs1、Pgs2、Pgs3均能不同程度地抑制HepG2.2.15细胞中的HBsAg、HBeAg合成和HBs-mRNA转录.成功构建的HBV真核表达载体Pgs1、Pgs2、Pgs3,其中PgS3能显著抑制HBsAg表达(P＜0.01).多种表达载体联合对抗原表达的抑制作用效率不同.     

牡蛎多糖体外对HepG2.2.15细胞分泌HBsAg、HBeAg的影响

目的 探讨牡蛎多糖体外抗乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)的作用.方法 采用HepG2.2.15细胞为体外细胞模型,给予不同浓度牡蛎多糖进行混合培养,作用9d后收集上清液,用ELISA法测定上清液中HBsAg、HBeAg的水平,观察药物对HepG2.2.15细胞分泌病毒杭原的影响,同时以MTT法检测药物在体外对HepG2.2.15细胞生长的抑制作用.结果 牡蛎多糖浓度在0.1～1 000 μg/mL时,对细胞无明显的毒性作用;牡蛎多糖可明显抑制HBsAg、HBeAg的分泌,其半数有效浓度( IC50)分别为362.2、558.6 μg/mL,治疗指数(TI)为＞27.6和＞17.9.结论 牡蛎多糖体外具有一定的抗HBV作用.     

多聚嘧啶序列结合蛋白（PTB）与HBV转录后调节元件（HPRE）结合抑制HBV表面抗原的基因表达

采用RT-PCR验证PTB与HPRE在体外的特异性结合。用HepG2.2.15细胞系、HBs-HPRE瞬时转染Hela细胞探讨PTB对HBV基因表达的影响。结果显示PTB能与HPRE特异性地结合。功能性研究证明PTB可以抑制HepG2.2.15细胞的HBsAg表达量,并呈浓度依赖性。由HPRE引起的HBsAg表达的增加也能被PTB所抑制。实验数据证明PTB通过与HPRE相互作用抑制HBsAg的基因表达。     

利用pSOS系统筛选靶向HBV病毒X基因的siRNA

构建靶向乙肝病毒(HBV)X基因的真核表达载体pSOS-X-siRNA和pSOS-siRNA,转染肝癌细胞系HepG2和HepG2.2.15,筛选和验证高效siRNA。设计4个靶向X基因siRNA,将siRNA和HBx基因插入载体pSOS得重组质粒pSOS-X-siRNA;pSOS-X-siRNA经PacI酶切去除目的片段HBx后得pSOS-siRNA。将质粒pSOS-X-siRNA和pSOS-siRNA分别转HepG2和HepG2.2.15肝癌细胞株。荧光显微镜下观察HepG2细胞绿色荧光(GFP)减弱程度预估干扰效率。ELISA检测HepG2.2.15细胞上清HBsAg、HBeAg表达,Western blotting检测胞内蛋白HBsAg、HBcAg表达,Real time PCR检测胞内HBsmRNA、HBx mRNA的转录。转染4d后,siRNA4使HepG2细胞的GFP信号表达程度最低,为阴性对照的9%,预测其干扰效果最强。siRNA4使HepG2.2.15细胞转染后4d上清的HBsAg蛋白表达为对照的(13.92±1.14)%(P0.05)、HBeAg为(21.69±4.92)%(P0.05),胞内的HBsAg、HBcAg蛋白表达量灰度比值为0.175±0.025、0.0825±0.028,均为各处理组中最低(P0.01),HBs mRNA和HBx mRNA分别降为对照的0.237±0.028(P0.01)、0.110±0.022(P0.01),差异有统计学意义,证实siRNA4为高效干扰位点。利用pSOS成功筛选并验证构建靶向HBV X基因的siRNA靶点。     

反义前S/S基因转移表达抗乙型肝炎病毒的研究

为了观察反义基因转录表达抗乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)的作用,将HBV ayw前S/S基因(preS/S)片段反向插入逆转录病毒载体质粒,构建preS/S反义基因重组体,经转染PA317细胞后,获得重组逆转录病毒颗粒.用重组病毒转导2.2.15细胞后,第3天即可见细胞培养上清HBV表面抗原(HBsAg)和e抗原(HBeAg)表达量减少,到转导后第5天,细胞培养上清中的HBsAg和HBeAg表达量降到最低水平,HBsAg抑制率为71%,HBeAg抑制率为27%,抑制作用至少可持续到转导后第11天.空载及正向插入基因的重组逆转录病毒转导对2.2.15细胞内HBV抗原表达无抑制作用.     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.