中国西北地区青霉及其有性型初报

本文报道分离自中国西北地区－新疆,青海,甘肃和陕西的青霉菌Penicilkium及其有性型正青霉Eupenicillium和篮状菌Talaromyces共47种,包括三个中国新记录种：皮壳正青霉Eupenicillium crustaceum真灰绿正青霉Eupenicillium euglaucum和西奈正青霉Penicillum sinaicum,并对此三个种作了描述并附线条图和子囊孢子的扫描电镜照片。     

青霉属的三个新记录种

本文报道分离自中国山东和甘肃的三个青霉新记录种: 糙梗青霉Penicillium scabrorum Frisvad, Samson & Stolk, 栎生青霉Penicillium glandicola (Oud.) Seifert & Samson和狐粪青霉Penicillium vulpinum (Cooke & Massee) Sefert & Samson。     

具有抗菌和细胞毒活性红树林真菌的鉴定分析

此次研究从海南省文昌红树林分离到的29株具有抗白色念珠菌和/或细胞毒活性真菌,分别采用核算序列分析、生理生化特征、形态观察对其进行鉴定。研究结果显示,29株真菌中,曲霉属(Aspergillus)7株,青霉属(Penicillium)16株,正青霉属(Eupenicillium)1株、新萨托菌属(Neosartorya)1株、拟青霉属(Paecilomyces Bainier)1株,暂不能定属3株。     

分离自海藻的青霉属三个中国新记录种

报道了分离自青岛沿海潮间带海藻的青霉属3个中国新记录种:产红青霉Penicillium rubens、苏门答腊青霉P.sumatrense和葡萄生青霉P.viticola,并对其进行了形态学描述和系统发育分析。研究菌株保存于中国海洋大学海洋生物标本室(OUCMB)。     

青霉属的三个新种

本文报导青霉属的三个新种,它们不同于此属已发表的诸种.异型青霉(Penicillium heteromorphum Kong et Qi),根据帚状枝的结构和分生孢子的某些特征,近于两型孢青霉(Penicillium dimorphosporum Swart),但此种在查氏琼脂上生长很稀疏,并有两种大小的分生孢子,大分生孢子直径可达10 pm,壁光滑,在观察菌落期间,有时大分生孢子落在基质上,很快萌发生长成简单的分生孢子结构,这些特征易于与后者区分.结节青霉(Penicillium nodulum Kong et Qi)在某些方面类似纠缠青霉(Penicilliumimplicatum Biourge),此新种的菌落特征,柄顶端膨大似顶囊,呈结节状膨大的营养菌丝等特征而不同于纠缠青霉.神农架青霉(Penicillium shennong jianum Kong et Qi)和毡毛青霉(Penicillium velutinum van Heyma)相近,而新种在多种培养基上生长都局限,菌落面呈带褐的橄榄色,分生孢子壁光滑等特征可与毡毛青霉区分开来.     

正青霉属真菌次生代谢产物的研究进展

<正>青霉属(Eupenicillium)真菌作为有性型青霉属的重要分支之一,种类多样,目前已收载了62种。研究发现,该属真菌的次生代谢产物种类多样,具有丰富的化学多样性。本文从菌株来源、化合物结构及其生物活性等方面,综述了自1974年第一个正青霉属真菌天然产物到2016年9月已报道的共66个正青霉属真菌来源的重要天然产物,且50%的化合物表现出细胞毒、抑菌、抗氧化和抗寄生虫等生物活性,为药物的研发提供了潜在的先导化合物,具有很好的研究及药用开发价值。     

曲霉科五个中国新记录种

对分离自海南和辽宁滩涂沉积物中的曲霉属和青霉属菌株进行系统分类研究,报道5个中国新记录种：假溜曲霉Aspergillus pseudotamarii、乌尔米曲霉A.urmiensis、南极青霉Penicillium antarcticum、荒漠青霉P. desertorum和拉布拉多青霉P. labradorum,并提供了上述物种的形态特征描述及图示。同时,联合BenA和CaM基因序列进行系统发育分析,为形态学鉴定提供了佐证。研究结果丰富了我国该类真菌的物种多样性。     

纳木措春季水体可培养丝状真菌优势种生态位分析

为探明纳木措春季水体可培养丝状真菌的群落特征,研究在分离纯化丝状真菌的基础上,结合经典分类法、rRNA-ITS转录间隔区测序法确定丝状真菌的群落组成及丰度;同时对水体理化因子进行分析,揭示丝状真菌优势类群生态分化与理化因子的相关性。结果在纳木措水体中共分离纯化出921株丝状真菌,归为20属62种,真菌资源较为丰富。其中,主要优势种(Y>0.02)包括:普通青霉Penicillium commune、酒色青霉Penicillium vinaceum、波兰青霉Penicillium polonicum、青霉菌Penicillium goetzii、灰玫瑰青霉Penicillium griseoroseum、冻土毛霉Mucor hiemalis、总状毛霉Mucor racemosus、格孢腔菌Pleosporales sp.2和壳青霉Penicillium crustosum。优势种生态位指数显示,优势种间生态响应速率之和为负数,低度重叠的种对占比较大(56.94%),总体上呈正关联,但未达到显著水平(χ²>3.841),表明群落正处于衰退阶段。优势种间竞争...     

四个嗜热真菌中国新记录种

报道四个嗜热真菌中国新记录种:嗜热子囊菌光孢变种Thermoascus aurantiacus var.levisporus;埃默森篮状菌Talaromyces emersonii;杜邦青霉Penicillium dupontii及丝衣霉状拟青霉Paecilomyces byssochlamydioides,对其进行了描述和讨论。研究标本保存在山东农业大学植物病理学标本室(HSAUP)。     

耐冷皮壳正青霉一种木聚糖酶的纯化与性质研究

研究了耐冷皮壳正青霉Eupenicillium crustaceum一种木聚糖酶的纯化和酶学性质。采用硫酸铵沉淀和阴离子交换层析的方法,从耐冷皮壳正青霉液体发酵液中分离纯化出一种亚基分子量35kDa的木聚糖酶。酶学性质研究表明,酶的最适pH值为5.5,在pH4.5-6.5范围内具有较高的催化活性。最适温度为50℃,20℃下酶活为最高酶活的40%。Ag+和Fe2+大幅度提高木聚糖酶的酶活,而Mn2+和Hg2+强烈抑制木聚糖酶的活性。同时,该木聚糖酶具有严格的底物特异性。     

Host specificity of Eupenicillium ochrosalmoneum, E. cinnamopurpureum and two Penicillium species associated with the conidial heads of Aspergillus

The genus Penicillium comprises species that mostly colonize plant matter. However early reports suggest that several species are capable of parasitizing Aspergillus and sporulating on the conidial heads of the host. More recently Eupenicillium ochrosalmoneum and E. cinnamopurpureum, both with Penicillium anamorphs, have been observed sporulating on the heads of Aspergillus species belonging to section Flavi during the colonization of peanut seeds. Little is known about the host specificity underlying these Aspergillus-Penicillium associations. In this study Aspergillus species representing nine taxonomic sections were paired in culture with E. ochrosalmoneum, E. cinnamopurpureum and two unnamed Penicillium species. Eupenicillium ochrosalmoneum, E. cinnamopurpureum and Penicillium sp. 1 sporulated predominantly on the heads of section Flavi species. In contrast Penicillium sp. 2 was restricted to the heads of section Nigri species. All species spread across Aspergillus colonies by means of aerial hyphae that grew from head to head. Additional studies are required to clarify whether Eupenicillium and Penicillium species are parasitic or simply epibiotic on their hosts.     

Aflavinines and other antiinsectan metabolites from the ascostromata of Eupenicillium crustaceum and related species.

This report describes the distribution of antiinsectan metabolites present in sclerotioid ascostromata produced by representative strains of Eupenicillium crustaceum and fungal taxa that are considered to be closely related. The hexane and chloroform extracts of E. crustaceum NRRL 3332 displayed significant antiinsectan activity in assays against the corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea. The major metabolite accounting for this antiinsectan activity was a known aflavinine analog, 10,23-dihydro-24,25-dehydroaflavinine, occurring at approximately 2.8 mg/g of dry ascostromata. In dietary assays at ca. 3,000 ppm, a 79% reduction in weight gain and a 42% reduction in feeding rate were observed in H. zea and Carpophilus hemipterus larvae, respectively. A new aflavinine analog, 10,23,24,25-tetrahydro-24-hydroxyaflavinine, was also identified. These aflavinine compounds are the first to be reported from a fungal genus other than Aspergillus. New macrophorin-type metabolites accounted for the antiinsectan activity of ascostromata produced by E. crustaceum NRRL 22307, which produced no aflavinines, while Eupenicillium molle NRRL 13062 produced both aflavinines and macrophorins. Sclerotia produced by Penicillium gladioli NRRL 938, NRRL 939, and QM 2743, a fungus reported to be conspecific with the anamorph of E. crustaceum, produced neither aflavinines nor macrophorins. Eupenicillium reticulisporum NRRL 3446 produced the aflavinine analog 10,23-dihydro-24,25-dehydroaflavinine and an unrelated compound called pyripyropene A, a potent inhibitor of acyl-coenzyme A-cholesterol acyltransferase. Eupenicillium abidjanum NRRL 5809, reported to be conspecific with E. reticulisporum, produced neither of these compounds. The Eupenicillium species that produced aflavinines are also known for their ability to grow rapidly with reduced water activity.     

A new species from tropical soils,Eupenicillium tropicum

Forty-three strains of Eupenicillium tropicum sp. nov. were isolated from soils collected in India, Costa Rica and Galapagos, Ecuador. The species is characterized by biverticillate penicilli, slightly rough, subglobose to ovate conidia, brownish cleistothecia that become brown-gray with age, and ascospores with two equatorial flanges and slightly roughened valves. All strains produced a large number of indole alkaloids, and many types of unknown secondary metabolites with characteristic chromophores were produced by a majority of strains. Eupenicillium tropicum is morphologically most similar to E. shearii, but based on ITS-LSU sequences, is most closely related to Penicillium citrinum, P. sartoryi and P. westlingii. Eupenicillium shearii strains consistently produce paxillin, paspalinine and shearinins, while the latter three penicillia all produce citrinin consistently.     

The structure and biogenesis of desoxyverrucarin E,a metabolite of Eupenicillium hirayamae

Desoxyverrucarin E is the main nitrogenous metabolite of Eupenicillium hirayamae. On the basis of chemical and spectroscopic data the compound was identified as 3-acetyl-4-methylpyrrole. Radiochemical data showed that the compound is biogenetically derived from acetate.     

正青霉属的两个中国新记录种

分离自广西地区的两个中国新记录种：布氏正青霉（Eupenicilliumbrefeldianum（B．Dodge）Stolk＆Scott）,赭瑰色正青霉（EupenicilliumochrosalmoneumScott＆Stolk）。根据广西的分离物对此两个种作了描述并附线条图。     

Eupenicillium osmophilum sp. nov.

A new species of the genus Eupenicillium: E. osmophilum is described and illustrated. It is characterized by single asci, lenticular ascospores with 2 closely appressed equatorial ridges and divaricate penicilli.     

Eupenicillium bovifimosum, a new species from dry cow manure in Wyoming

A new species, Eupenicillium bovifimosum, was isolated from dry cow manure collected in Wyoming, USA. The outstanding morphological characteristics of this species are its robust, dense penicilli bearing long, broad columns of conidia, and its smooth-walled, unflanged ascospores which are produced within 3 wk of inoculation onto MEA. The new species produces penicillic acid, a fumagillin-like molecule, patulodin-like compounds CK2108A and CK2108B, and a compound resembling 2-[(2-hydroxypropionyl)amino]benzamide. Phylogenetic analysis using 1100 bases of the ITS and LSU DNA regions indicates that E. bovifimosum is most closely related to E. baarnense, and also to E. crustaceum, E. egyptiacum, and E. tularense.