海南万宁青皮林群落多样性特征研究

根据样方调查,对海南万宁青皮林群落的种类组成、外貌、结构特征和物种多样性进行分析。结果表明:(1)海南万宁青皮林自然保护区有维管植物137种,隶属于62科110属,其中热带性分布种达95.5%,群落属于热带雨林植被类型中的海岸单优青皮群落。(2)群落的优势种为青皮,外貌常绿,生活型以小高位芽为主(占35.04%),青皮种群表现为增长趋势。(3)群落的物种丰富度Magarlef指数为34.30,Shannon-Wienner指数为2.31,Simpson指数为0.99,均匀度Pielou指数为1.08。(4)群落各层次的丰富度表现为乔木层>灌木层>藤本植物>草本层,Simpson指数表现为灌木层>草本层>藤本植物>乔木层,Shannon-Wienner指数表现为灌木层>藤本植物>草本层>乔木层,均匀度表现为草本层>灌木层>藤本植物>乔木层,表明乔木层的物种丰富度最高,但分布最不均匀,优势种的优势地位突出。     

基于DPSIR模型的森林生态安全时空间变化研究——以浙江省79个县区为例

森林生态安全对于维持生物多样性、促进经济可持续发展、保障人类生存具有重要影响,本文主要探讨森林生态安全的影响因素以及森林生态安全指数时间与空间变化情况,以期为提高浙江省森林生态安全状况提供理论参考。基于DPSIR(驱动力-压力-状态-影响-响应,Driving force-Pressure-State-Impact-Responses)模型,运用专家法、熵权法等确定浙江省森林生态安全指数,从县区角度对浙江省2000—2015年森林生态安全指数进行计算与分析,并通过绘制森林生态安全指数空间分布图观察森林生态安全空间变化状况。研究结果表明:(1)响应指标权重最大,政府政策作用显著,财政支持效果明显。(2)浙江省森林生态安全等级为较安全,森林生态安全指数分布在0.4—0.5之间,呈现波动式上升趋势。(3)状态指标的影响最明显,其次是压力指标、影响力指标、驱动力指标与响应指标;天然林面积减少是造成状态指标作用下降的主要原因;响应指标受其他指标的相互作用,上升趋势明显;经济发展一定程度上抑制了浙江省森林生态安全环境的改善与指数的提高。(4)浙江省森林生态安全指数地区分布不均匀,西南部地区森林生态安全指数高于东北部地区,县区指数差异明显,受自然环境与经济发展的双重影响。针对上述时空变化情况得出,浙江省应加大政策的扶持力度,增加林业生态建设投资;加快产业转型,实行循环经济,延长企业产业链;加强森林保护区的建设力度,制定相关条例规范人们行为的对策建议。     

广西壮族颅骨的测量与研究

本文以来源于壮族居民世代聚居地区,生前资料比较可靠的150例颅骨为材料并用多因素分析等6方法探索壮族的体质特征、人种地位、地区类型及可能的起源。结果表明,壮族居民属黄色人种南亚类型,中华民族的华南,与柳江人,Chen皮岩人有最接近的亲缘关系。     

The cnemic index: a criktique.

The accuracy of the cnemic index is questioned. Excessive random variation is found to be present in the datum for this index, the nutrient foramen. It is suggested that the index be taken at a fixed location on the tibial shaft. A new index, the cnemic index (one-third), is proposed.     

长期指数选择的遗传效果分析—计算机模拟研究

本文利用Monte Carlo模拟技术研究比较了普通选择指数、实际选择指数、约束指数和单性状选择四种方法的长期选择效果及对群体遗传结构的影响。50世代的结果表明:群体大小和遗传参数能明显影响长期指数选择的反应;实际指数选择是有效的,其总体效果好于普通指数;约束选择的早期反应虽低于普通指数,但后期效果好,而且对群体遗传结构影响较小。同时,指数选择使性状加性遗传方差和遗传力衰减变化,而遗传相关依指数公式的系数呈定向改变。建议多性状长期选择时应用实际指数法或约束指数法。     

STATISTICAL ANALYSES FOR R-INDEX

R‐index is an important statistic for testing and measuring product effects. The validation and merits of R‐index are to a great extent due to the fact that it is closely related to the famous Mann–Whitney U statistic. Based on this fortunate relationship, statistical analyses for R‐index are explored. The statistical analyses include estimations of R‐index and its null and nonconditional variances with and without assuming continuity of data; difference and similarity tests using R‐index; powers and sample sizes for the tests; linking R‐index with Thurstonian δ (or d′). The new techniques developed in the paper extend greatly the original R‐index analysis for categorical ratings data. It is expected that the recognition of the profound theoretical origin of R‐index and the available statistical analyses for R‐index will provide the impetus for the resurgence of interest in using R‐index in sensory and consumer researches.     

哈萨克族及汉族新生儿身体形态指数分析

根据４４５例哈萨克族（哈族）及６６２例汉族新生儿的体格发育调查资料,计算出哈,汉族新生儿的７项身体形态指数并比较身体形态指数的性别、民族差异,表示营养状况的指数值哈族新生儿皆大于汉族新生儿,男孩多大于女孩,而表示体型的身高胸围指数,身高坐高指数值为男孩小于女孩。     

生态治理技术评价指标体系

为了对生态治理技术进行更加科学合理的评价,在确定了指标体系构建思路的基础上,根据评价指标的筛选原则,通过对评价指标的理论初选和专家筛选,构建了能够揭示生态治理技术本身属性、相宜性、应用效果、推广潜力等的综合评价指标体系。该指标体系包含目标层和指标层两个层次,目标层为生态治理技术适应效果,指标层分为控制性指标和分类评价指标。控制性指标包含5个一级指标和14个二级指标,适用于所有类型的生态治理技术;分类评价指标为三级指标,共有水土保持技术、荒漠化治理技术、石漠化治理技术和生态恢复技术四个类型的三级指标各29个,针对不同的生态治理技术可以选用合适的三级指标对其进行评价。这样的评价指标体系既可体现区域差异,又可建立公共评价平台,为生态治理技术的评估提供了科学依据和关键技术支撑。     

Are economic selection indices always superior to a desired gains index?

Conclusions The comparison of different selection indices is justified only if the indices are constrated to achieve the same profit function, even when each index is not optimized with respect to that profit function.When a profit function is known and is non-linear, the desired gains index may be more efficient than the economic index. The optimum desired gains index should be determined by iterative techniques over several generations to compare the genetic progress with the economic index, because gains by the economic index are not linear and the changes observed in the initial generations of selection are not the same rates in future generations, although those changes are linear in the case of the desired gains index.     

湖北四湖泊营养类型与轮虫群落的关系

对湖北梁子湖水系不同营养类型(中营养型、富营养型)4个湖泊中轮虫的群落结构和物种多样性进行了周年研究,分析比较了不同营养类型湖泊的轮虫种类组成、分布、优势种组成、密度、生物量和多样性指数。结果表明：轮虫的种类数、物种多样性与营养水平呈负相关关系,轮虫密度大体上随营养水平提高而增大,富营养化引起轮虫空间异质性降低,受污染湖泊与非污染湖泊轮虫种类数、寡污性种类数及分布差异尤为明显。用多样性指数评价湖泊营养状态与TLIc方法一致。     

REGULATION AND KINETICS OF SPERMATOGONIAL PROLIFERATION IN ARENICOLA MARINA (ANNELIDA, POLYCHAETA) I. THE ANNUAL CYCLE OF MITOTIC INDEX IN THE TESTIS

The annual variation in the mitotic index of the testis of Arenicola marina after 48 hr treatment with colchicine has been determined. This mitotic index in the population is distributed log-normally. The mean mitotic index is low in winter but increases during the spring to a maximum in early summer. The mean mitotic index remains high until September when it decreases temporarily. There is a second minor increase in the mean mitotic index prior to spawning.
Decerebration of animals prior to the spring increase in the mitotic index did not prevent this increase occurring in decerebrate animals maintained in the laboratory. Removal of the coelomic gametes was effective in stimulating the testicular mitotic index only when performed during the period of low mitotic activity in early autumn.     

四川卧龙三江保护区珙桐群落边缘效应的研究

通过对珙桐(Davidia involucrata)群落中心及边缘的调查研究,采用Margalef丰富度指数、Simpson物种多样性指数、Shannon-Weiner物种多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数等多样性指数及物种数个体数分析了群落乔木层、灌木层、草本层及总体的物种多样性。得出以下结果:样地1,从几个指标看除Simpson指数中心<南边缘<北边缘外,其余都各指标均是南边缘<北边缘<中心。样地2,珙桐群落多样性变化,从计算的几个多样性指数看物种丰富度和均匀度的变化趋势相同,都是东边缘<中心<南边缘。而物种的多样性指数是东边缘<南边缘<中心。南边缘在各个指数上都比东边缘高。     

四川盆周低山暴雨区不同配置模式水土保持林生物多样性分析

用物种多样性指数(Shannon-Wienner指数、Simpson指数)、均匀度指数(Pielou)和物种丰富度指数(Margalef指数和Menhinick指数)对广元市7种人工森林群落进行多样性分析。结果表明,植被恢复与重建使生物多样性提高的同时,土壤侵蚀模数比治理前下降了45%;乔、灌、草复层经营对生物多样性与水土保持效益具有同样的贡献;水土保持效益因不同森林群落的生物多样性而异。     

江西武夷山河岸带阔叶林群落的物种组成和多样性分析

以江西武夷山国家级自然保护区河岸带阔叶林群落为研究对象,对其物种组成进行调查,并采用物种丰富度指数、多样性指数和均匀度指数分析物种多样性。结果表明,保护区河岸带物种极丰富,三条水系10个样方中共调查到维管束植物93科174属304种,群落建群种和灌木层优势种均以常绿阔叶树种为主,物种组成具有典型的亚热带植被特色,以壳斗科、樟科、山茶科物种最多。保护区不同海拔河岸带物种丰富度指数、多样性指数的变化规律基本一致。     

Index to Vegetatio,volumes 51–73, and some notes on the position of the journal

An index is presented of 375 articles which appeared in Vol. 51–73 of Vegetatio. A Source index is followed by a Keyword index, a Discipline index, a Vegetation type index, a Geographical index, and a Latin name index for taxa and syntaxa. The codes used for discipline, vegetation type and geographic area are the same as those used in the Index Vol. 1–50. After a short introduction a history of the journal is presented, followed by some statistics on the origin of the authors and the type of article, for seven periods covering the entire history of the journal since 1948. Finally the codes are elucidated.     

KIRA指标的拓展及其在中国植被与气候关系研究中的应用

根据Kira以月平均气温5℃为界的热量指数和干湿度指数概念,提出了以月平均气温10℃为界的生物热量指数,包括生物温暖指数(BWI)和生物寒冷指数(BCI),并修正其干湿度指数为生物干湿度指数(BK).利用中国689个标准气象台站的资料,分析我国主要植被类型分布与热量因子和干湿度因子的关系,得出两者之间较好的相关性,生物温暖指数、寒冷指数和干湿度指数的散点图较好地表现了中国各植被类型与气候指标的关系和格局.以10℃为界的生物温暖指数不仅对我国森林植被的地理分布和温度气候带的划分具有较好的指示作用,而且对西南部高山、亚高山地区的植被与气候关系指示性较强;生物寒冷指数则对亚热带和热带的指示性很好,能够较好区分亚热带南部及热带地区;由热量指数和降水量综合得出的生物干湿度指数,对中国西北部干旱、半干旱区以至全国的植被分布与水分、热量因子的关系分析有较好的应用价值.     

Refractive index of phytoplankton derived from its metabolite composition

The refractive index of phytoplankton is calculated from itsmetabolite composition. The mean index of the algal dry mass,relative to the index of water, seems to vary from 1.146 forgreen algae to 1.167 for coccolithophonds. This difference of0.021 reduces to 0.007 and 0.003 when the partial water volumesof the algae are 0.6 and 0.8, respectively. The most importantfactor for the variation of the refractive index is the algalwater content. If a reasonable average range of the partialwater volume is 0.6 ± 0.2, the corresponding range ofthe refractive index relative to sea water becomes 1.06 ±0.04. This result is in excellent agreement with estimates basedon optical measurements of pure algal cultures. The normal dispersionof the refractive index is negligible, but anomalous dispersionin the vicinity of strong absorption bands may be of importancefor the light scattering properties of small phytoplankton.     

Measuring Support for Phylogenies: The "Proportional Support Index"

The total support index (Bremer, 1994), a measure of cladogram support, is influenced both by character incongruence and by uninformative characters. A modified version of this index is therefore proposed—the proportional support index. This index measures the actual support for a cladogram relative to the maximum potential support as determined by the number of informative characters. This index is not distorted by uninformative characters and is thus a more accurate means to compare the strength of phylogenetic signals in different data sets.     

植被指数的地形效应研究进展

植被指数是定性、定量评估绿色植被的关键指标,已经广泛应用于地表植被的监测.森林多分布在地形复杂山区,利用植被指数进行森林植被信息反演时地形对其影响较大.本文从几何光学模型原理分析了冠层反射率的地形效应,分析比较完全比值型植被指数(简单比值植被指数SR、归一化植被指数NDVI和湿度调整植被指数MAVI)、非完全比值型植被指数(增强型植被指数EVI和土壤调整植被指数SAVI)、非比值型植被指数(减化比值植被指数RSR、修正归一化植被指数MNDVI和绿度植被指数GVI),以及地形调节植被指数TAVI对地形的响应,试图为复杂地形山区选取植被指数提供参考.最后分析了植被指数地形效应研究的不足并对未来发展进行展望.     

油菜(Brassica napus L)收获指数的变异

本文首次采用田间试验的方法对国内油菜收获指数的变异进行了研究．结果表明不同油菜品种的收获指数存在变异,其变异规律大致是：１）中熟品种的收获指数高于早熟品种及晚熟品种;２）中长角果的品种较长角品种具有更高的收获指数;３）高产的新品种具有较高的收获指数;４）油菜粒壳比,角杆比及千粒重与收获指数呈正相关,杆重与收获指数呈负相关．