大兴安岭舟形藻科(硅藻门)中国新记录植物

在大兴安岭沼泽硅藻生物多样性的研究过程中,对采自大兴安岭的600余号标本进行了详细的观察,共观察到舟形藻科中国新记录植物10个分类单位,隶属于4个属,其中类缝藻属1种:粗脉肋缝藻;长篦藻属3种:大长篦藻、细尖长篦藻、双型长篦藻;舟形藻属1种:乌普萨拉舟形藻;辐节藻属5种:两头辐节藻、河生辐节藻、细长辐节藻、豆形辐节藻、地中海辐节藻。本文对这些种类的分类学特征及生态分布特点进行了详细的描述。     

管壳缝类硅藻中国新记录属种——非洲南氏藻

利用光学和电子显微镜对采自黄海水域的1个管壳缝类硅藻——非洲南氏藻进行了形态学研究,并对其地理分布进行了讨论.结果表明:(1)该种壳体带面呈矩形,壳面窄椭圆形,具有钝圆的末端.(2)壳缝居中,由两条等长的分支组成.(3)管壳缝由复杂、接合的肋突支撑,但无龙骨.(4)每条线纹仅有1个孔纹,壳套上最多有1列孔纹.(5)目前...     

明晰双肋藻(硅藻门)的超微结构研究北大核心CSCD

在对武陵山区硅藻分类和多样性研究中,收集到了一种双肋藻的标本,经研究鉴定,其为明晰双肋藻[Amphipleura pellucida(Kützing)Kützing]。光学显微镜观察和扫描电子显微镜观察结果表明:明晰双肋藻具有以下特征:(1)纺锤形的壳瓣外形。(2)长而直的中央胸骨。(3)仅着生在靠近壳面两端的短壳缝系统。(4)线纹密度为38~39条/10μm,孔纹密度为54~58个/10μm。(5)壳缝的外近缝端呈直线状,远缝端略微膨大。(6)孔纹内侧开口被圆形筛膜覆盖。该研究结果为明晰双肋藻提供了清晰的超微结构图片资料以及科学的描述。     

我国硅藻类的新记录属--微舟藻属及其一新种

利用透射电镜对采自东黄海海域典型站位的微型硅藻(nanodiatom,〈20μm)进行了研究.观察到我国微型硅藻类的一个新记录属:微舟藻属Nanoneis R.E.Norris以及该属的一个新种:长微舟藻Nanoneislongta sp.nov..该属的主要特征是:壳面两侧对称,具有不完全壳缝,壳面除中轴区外都有横肋纹或长室孔分布.本文描述该属的两个种,其中海斯微舟藻(Nanoneis hasleae R.E.Norris)为我国的新记录种,长微舟藻为新种,两种之间主要的区别特征是壳面外形、长宽比例以及壳面横肋纹的密度.并较详细地描述了该属种类的分类特征、生态习性和分布.     

我国硅藻类的新记录属——微舟藻属及其一新种(英文)

利用透射电镜对采自东黄海海域典型站位的微型硅藻(nanodiatom,<20mm)进行了研究。观察到我国微型硅藻类的一个新记录属微舟藻属NanoneisR.E.Norris以及该属的一个新种长微舟藻Nanoneislongtasp.nov.。该属的主要特征是壳面两侧对称,具有不完全壳缝,壳面除中轴区外都有横肋纹或长室孔分布。本文描述该属的两个种,其中海斯微舟藻(NanoneishasleaeR.E.Norris)为我国的新记录种,长微舟藻为新种,两种之间主要的区别特征是壳面外形、长宽比例以及壳面横肋纹的密度。并较详细地描述了该属种类的分类特征、生态习性和分布。     

芬兰贝氏藻(硅藻门)的超微结构研究

以采集于青海湖的石附生硅藻(芬兰贝氏藻)为样品,用10%的HCl溶液溶解样品中含钙的固体化合物,再加入30% H₂O₂溶液氧化去掉硅藻细胞的有机物质,获得干净的硅藻标本。利用Naphrax^ 封装剂制成永久装片,在光学和电子显微镜下对其形态特征进行了详细研究。结果表明：(1) 在光学显微镜下芬兰贝氏藻具有披针形的壳瓣外形、尖圆的壳面末端和明显伸长的中轴区三个特征。(2) 在扫描电子显微镜下芬兰贝氏藻紧邻中央区的孔纹明显伸长,其长度为2～4个正常孔纹的长度。(3) 通过文献查阅和相似种类的比较发现,同时具有尖圆的末端和明显伸长的紧邻中央区的孔纹是芬兰贝氏藻鉴定的独特性状组合,故芬兰贝氏藻的身份可由此确定。该研究首次报道了芬兰贝氏藻在中国的分布。     

双壳缝硅藻中国2新记录种——肿胀类辐节藻和英格兰盘状藻具孤点变种

该研究利用光学和扫描电子显微镜,对采自东洞庭湖国家自然保护区的2种双壳缝硅藻中国新记录种——肿胀类辐节藻和英格兰盘状藻具孤点变种的标本进行了详细形态学研究。观察发现：(1)肿胀类辐节藻具有4个鉴定特征：①壳瓣轮廓在大的标本中呈披针形,在小的标本中呈椭圆披针形;②线纹在壳面中部呈辐射状排列,彼此间隔相对较宽;③假隔片在壳面两端都存在;④ 孔纹在内壳面被具微孔的膜完全覆盖。(2)英格兰盘状藻具孤点变种也具有4个鉴定特征：①壳瓣线性椭圆形或椭圆形;② 线纹除了在壳面两端呈平行排列外,在壳面大部区域呈辐射状排列,中部线纹密度10～14条/10 μm;③在壳面中央有一个孤点;④孔纹内部开口被由4个支柱支撑的孔板所覆盖,孔纹密度35～40个/10 μm。该研究的详细描述和清晰的插图为肿胀类辐节藻和英格兰盘状藻具孤点变种的准确鉴定提供了参考。     

硅藻中国一新记录种——泉生平片藻

利用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对采自湖南省绥宁县巫水水域的硅藻标本进行了观察研究,鉴定出其中一种为硅藻中国新记录种——泉生平片藻［Tabularia fonticola (Hustedt) C.E. Wetzel & D.M. Williams］,该种具有以下鉴别特征：(1) 壳面轮廓为线形披针形,中央胸骨宽,线纹短且宽。(2) 横主肋和纵细肋硅质化增厚。(3) 孔纹开口被数条横向硅质条组成的筛板所遮拦。(4) 每个壳面仅在其一端着生一个唇形突。(5) 壳套顶孔区孔纹有序排列。(6) 第一环带开放。该研究首次报道了泉生平片藻的前正常营养期细胞的超微结构特征,研究结果不仅增加了对泉生平片藻的超微结构认识,而且扩展了其地理分布区域。     

一种硅藻中国新记录属种——科氏杜氏藻

科氏杜氏藻是一种泥生或附沙生硅藻。该文对最近刚确立的一个硅藻属——杜氏藻属进行了介绍,利用光学和扫描电子显微镜对2019年4月20日采自东洞庭湖国家级自然保护区的科氏杜氏藻标本进行了观察研究。结果表明该标本具有以下主要形态特征:(1)壳面椭圆披针形。(2)中央区为蝴蝶结形,没有延伸至壳缘。(3)线纹在壳面大部分区域呈辐射状排列,在两端近平行排列,中部线纹密度20~22条/10μm。(4)孔纹圆形或近圆形,在内壳面被圆顶状的孔膜覆盖。(5)在壳面两端存在假隔片。该文调查采集的科氏杜氏藻种群的形态特征与模式种群相吻合,该属在中国是首次报道,为中国新记录属。     

大兴安岭曲壳类硅藻分类研究

对大兴安岭曲壳类硅藻进行了分类学研究,结合国际通用的分类系统对Karayevia RoundBukhtiyarova(卡氏藻属)、Lemnicola RoundBasson(附萍藻属)、Planothidium RoundBukhtiyarova(平面藻属)和Psammothidium BukhtiyarovaRound(沙生藻属)4个属的分类特征进行了描述,对在大兴安岭地区观察到的曲壳类硅藻12个分类单位进行了详细的形态学描述,并给出了他们的生境分布特点。研究观察到中国新记录3个分类单位:Achnanthes tumescens SherwoodLowe(膨胀曲壳藻)、Planothidium lanceolatoide(Sovereign)Lange-Bertalot(近披针形平面藻)、Psammothidium rossii(Hustedt)BukhtiyarovaRound(罗斯沙生藻)。     

Effects of MULTIFOLIATE-PINNA, AFILA, TENDRIL-LESS and UNIFOLIATA genes on leafblade architecture in Pisum sativum

In order to dissect the genetic regulation of leafblade morphogenesis, 16 genotypes of pea, constructed by combining the wild-type and mutant alleles of MFP, AF, TL and UNI genes, were quantitatively phenotyped. The morphological features of the three domains of leafblades of four genotypes, unknown earlier, were described. All the genotypes were found to differ in leafblade morphology. It was evident that MFP and TL functions acted as repressor of pinna ramification, in the distal domain. These functions, with and without interaction with UNI, also repressed the ramification of proximal pinnae in the absence of AF function. The expression of MFP and TL required UNI function. AF function was found to control leafblade architecture multifariously. The earlier identified role of AF as a repressor of UNI in the proximal domain was confirmed. Negative control of AF on the UNI-dependent pinna ramification in the distal domain was revealed. It was found that AF establishes a boundary between proximal and distal domains and activates formation of leaflet pinnae in the proximal domain.     

Presence of Rhizobium Etli bv . Phaseoli and Rhizobium Gallicum bv . Gallicum in Egyptian Soils

Seven bean rhizobial strains EBRI 2, 3, 21, 24, 26, 27 and 29 identified as Rhizobium etli, and EBRI 32 identified as Rhizobium gallicum, isolated from Egyptian soils and which nodulated Phaseolus vulgaris efficiently, were subjected to hybridization with a nifH probe in order to estimate the copy number of this gene. Seven strains (EBRI 2, 3, 21, 24, 26, 27 and 29) which were only able to nodulate Phaseolus vulgaris, contained three copies of the nifH gene, consistent with their identification as Rhizobium etli bv. phaseoli. Only one strain (EBRI 32) which nodulated both Phaseolus vulgaris and Leucaena leucocephala, had one copy of nifH gene. This confirmed the classification of this strain as Rhizobium gallicum bv. gallicum.     

Prosthecium species with Stegonsporium anamorphs on Acer

Data from microscopic morphology, single-spore cultures, and DNA analyses of teleomorphs and anamorphs support the recognition of five species of Prosthecium with Stegonsporium anamorphs on Acer: P. acerinum sp. nov., the teleomorph of S. acerinum; P. acerophilum comb. nov., formerly known as Dictyoporthe acerophila; P. galeatum comb. nov., originally described as Massaria galeata; P. opalus sp. nov.; and P. pyriforme sp. nov., the teleomorph of S. pyriforme s. str. The morphology of both type specimens and freshly collected material was investigated. The teleomorphs have brown ellipsoidal ascospores with five distosepta and often a longitudinal distoseptum. The anamorphs of all species described here belong to Stegonsporium; their connection to the Prosthecium teleomorphs was demonstrated by morphology and DNA sequences of single spore cultures derived from both ascospores and conidia. The anamorphs and teleomorphs of all five Prosthecium species are described and illustrated by LM images, and a key to these species is provided. As perceived from this work, S. pyriforme is restricted to Europe and does not occur in North America, whereas S. acerinum is restricted to North America, not found in Europe. The host associations given in the literature are revised and evidence is provided that only A. opalus, A. pseudoplatanus, and A. saccharum are confirmed hosts of Prosthecium with Stegonsporium anamorphs. Molecular phylogenetic analyses of tef1, ITS rDNA, and partial nuLSU rDNA sequences confirm that the species with Stegonsporium anamorphs are closely related to P. ellipsosporum, the generic type species. Stilbospora macrosperma is confirmed as the anamorph of P. ellipsosporum by DNA data of single spore isolates obtained from both ascospores and conidia.     

Characterisation of cell wall polysaccharides, arabinogalactans-proteins (AGPs) and phenolics of Cola nitida, Cola acuminata and Garcinia kola seeds

Many Cola plant species are endemic to West and Central Africa. Cola acuminata and Cola nitida are used as masticatory when fresh, while the dried nuts are used for beverages and pharmaceutical purposes in Europe and North America. Garcinia kola seeds, that serve as a substitute for the true kola nuts, are used in African traditional medicine for the treatment of various diseases, including colic, headache and liver cirrhosis. Seeds extracts of G. kola are also known for their anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antiviral properties. To gain information on the chemical properties of the kolas, we have isolated and analyzed cell wall polysaccharides, arabinogalactan-proteins and phenolic substances from the seeds of the three kola species. The sugar composition of cell wall material of C. acuminata, C. nitida and G. kola revealed that Gal (up to 30%), Ara, GalA and Glc as the predominant monosaccharides, representing approximately 90% by mol of the total hydrolysable sugar present in this material. In Ammonium oxalate cell wall fraction, GalA was found to be the major sugar present in all kola species. In the alkali-soluble fraction, there were significant differences in the level of Glc and Gal. The level of Glc was high in C. acuminata and C. nitida while the level of Gal and Xyl were high in C. nitida and G. cola. Isolation and quantification of arabinogalactan-proteins demonstrate that G. kola seeds contained four to eight times more of these proteoglycans than the seeds of the other two species. Finally, analysis of soluble phenolic substances shows that caffeine and catechin were largely represented in C. acumina and C. nitida seeds, with caffeine accounting for 50% of all soluble phenolics. These findings indicate that the three Kola seeds are highly enriched in pectins and proteoglycans and that C. acuminata and C. nitida can be used as a possible source of caffeine and catechin.     

中国黑粉菌属和利罗黑粉菌属

黑粉菌属是Roussel 1806年建立的,全世界记载有三百余种,主要寄生于禾本科,是经济作物及牧草的重要致病菌·长期以来,对黑粉菌的邢子使用过各种名称,如厚垣孢子,冬孢子及黑粉孢子等.本文采用黑粉孢子以区别锈菌的冬孢子. 芳’(1979)在《中国真菌总汇》中列出黑粉菌属五十种及一个变型.作者经过显微结构和超显微结构的研究,承认其中二十九种为正确名称,八种及一变型为异名,顶黑粉菌(Ustilago acrearus Berk.)由于错拼而被废弃.埃地黑粉菌(Ustilago emodensis Berk.)被转移至利罗粉菌属(Liroa).另有十一种黑粉菌因缺少标本留待今后订正.自1979年以后,杨信东(1983)增加黑粉菌属二种我国新纪录,K.范基和郭林(1986)描述一新种,四种新纪录.在本文中,作者描述一新种:鸢尾蒜黑粉(Ustilago ixiolirii Guo L) ,孢子堆生在蒴果内,不开裂,黑色,粉末状.黑粉孢子球形,近球形,稀椭圆形, 12.5-21×10-21μm,黑褐色,壁厚1-1.Sμm,纹饰脑状.是迄今生在石蒜科植物上唯一黑粉菌的种,其它几种黑粉菌均属条黑粉菌属.本文增加七种我国新纪录.共计四十九种,寄生于六科四十四属植物,主要是禾本科和蓼科.这仅是黑粉菌属研究的初步报告,在全国范围内大量采集黑粉菌标本后,作者相信会有更多新种和我国新纪录被发现.利罗黑粉菌属(Liroa)是从黑粉菌属(Ustaligo)分出的,此属为单种属.     

Comparative study of Bifidobacteriumanimalis, Escherichiacoli, Lactobacilluscasei and Saccharomycesboulardii probiotic properties

The present work investigates some probiotic properties of four different microorganisms (Bifidobacterium animalis var. lactis BB-12, Escherichia coli EMO, Lactobacillus casei and Saccharomyces boulardii). In vitro and in vivo tests were carried out to compare cell wall hydrophobicity, production of antagonistic substances, survival capacity in the gastrointestinal tract of germ-free mice without pathological consequence, and immune modulation by stimulation of Küpffer cells, intestinal sIgA and IL-10 levels. In vitro antagonism against pathogenic bacteria and yeast was only observed for the probiotic bacteria B. animalis and L. casei. The hydrophobic property of the cell wall was higher for B. animalis and E. coli EMO, and this property could be responsible for a better ability to colonize the gastrointestinal tract of germ-free mice. Higher levels of sIgA were observed mainly for S. boulardii, followed by E. coli EMO and B. animalis, and only S. boulardii induced a significant higher level of IL-10. In conclusion, for a probiotic use, S. boulardii presented better characteristics in terms of immunomodulation, and B. animalis and L. casei for antagonistic substance production. The knowledge of the different probiotic properties could be used to choice the better microorganism depending on the therapeutic or prophylactic application.     

Probing the Drosophila retinal determination gene network in Tribolium (II): The Pax6 genes eyeless and twin of eyeless

The Pax6 genes eyeless (ey) and twin of eyeless (toy) are upstream regulators in the retinal determination gene network (RDGN), which instructs the formation of the adult eye primordium in Drosophila. Most animals possess a singleton Pax6 ortholog, but the dependence of eye development on Pax6 is widely conserved. A rare exception is given by the larval eyes of Drosophila, which develop independently of ey and toy. To obtain insight into the origin of differential larval and adult eye regulation, we studied the function of toy and ey in the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum. We find that single and combinatorial knockdown of toy and ey affect larval eye development strongly but adult eye development only mildly in this primitive hemimetabolous species. Compound eye-loss, however, was provoked when ey and toy were RNAi-silenced in combination with the early retinal gene dachshund (dac). We propose that these data reflect a role of Pax6 during regional specification in the developing head and that the subsequent maintenance and growth of the adult eye primordium is regulated partly by redundant and partly by specific functions of toy, ey and dac in Tribolium. The results from embryonic knockdown and comparative protein sequence analysis lead us further to conclude that Tribolium represents an ancestral state of redundant control by ey and toy.     

Nomenclatural changes resulting from the transfer of tropical African Sarcostemma to Cynanchum ( Apocynaceae : Asclepiadoideae )

Summary  Four species of tropical African Sarcostemma are transferred to Cynanchum together with two subspecies of S. viminale. In addition, Sarcostemma mulanjense is reduced to subspecific rank under C. viminale.