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动物外泌体分离方法的研究进展* 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
外泌体是一种由细胞分泌的细胞外囊泡,其广泛存在于各类生物液中,是细胞间信息交流的途径之一。由于外泌体内携带的核酸、蛋白质及脂质等功能性物质可作为生物标记用于动物生理诊断,也可作为信息传输载体用于调节动物生理状态以及治疗动物疾病,因而受到广泛的研究,开发潜力巨大。建立成熟稳定且方便快捷的外泌体分离手段是保证外泌体相关研究顺利开展的前提。以下对当前动物外泌体分离的主要方法进行了综述,比较了不同分离手段的特点,以此为相关技术的进一步开发与后续的动物外泌体研究提供方法及理论参考。 相似文献
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目的:通过膜表面修饰改造技术构建工程化外泌体(engineered exosomes,enExos),并以此介导巨噬细胞特异性清除膜表面富含表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR)的肿瘤外泌体。方法:利用表面展示技术获得膜表面展示趋化因子(chemokine 8,CXCL8)的外泌体,同时在其磷脂双分子层上修饰EGFR核酸适配体制备工程化外泌体;纳米颗粒跟踪和纳米粒度电位分析enExos的尺寸、电位;CCK-8试剂盒检测细胞活力;透射电子显微镜观察enExos与高表达EGFR的肿瘤外泌体的特异性结合;荧光成像技术及流式细胞术分析探究enExos靶向趋化巨噬细胞吞噬高表达EGFR的肿瘤外泌体。结果:成功构建膜表面展示EGFR与CXCL8的工程化外泌体,enExos可以特异性识别并捕获高表达EGFR的肿瘤外泌体,同时利用其趋化因子CXCL8特异性靶向巨噬细胞膜表面趋化因子受体CXCR1/CXCR2,刺激巨噬细胞对肿瘤外泌体的捕获及清除。结论:工程化外泌体促进了特定肿瘤外泌体的清除,为后续深入研究工程化外泌体抑制癌症转移的作用奠定基础,并期望为癌症转移治疗提供新的研究方向。 相似文献
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外泌体广泛存在于多种体液中,携带有大量活性物质,如mRNA、miRNA、蛋白和脂质等。其中的miRNA是一类短非编码RNA,在转录后水平调节基因的表达,广泛参与个体生长发育等各生命活动。外泌体miRNA有多种生物学功能,在肿瘤的发生发展、侵袭转移、机体耐药及免疫调控等多方面发挥着重要作用。目前的研究表明,无论是作为肿瘤早筛早诊和预后评估标志物还是用于肿瘤治疗,外泌体miRNA都有很好的应用前景。本文就近年来外泌体miRNA在肝癌中的研究进展和临床应用进行综述。 相似文献
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外泌体(exosomes)是细胞分泌的囊泡,在细胞与细胞之间通信中发挥重要作用。由于其固有的长距离通信能力和出色的生物相容性而具有很大的潜力作为药物递送载体,尤其适合递送蛋白质、核酸、基因治疗剂等治疗药物。许多研究表明外泌体可以有效地将许多不同种类的货物递送至靶细胞,因此,它们常被作为药物载体用于治疗。对外泌体作为药物递送系统中面临的外泌体分离,药物装载和靶向治疗应用的进展与挑战作一介绍,以期更好为外泌体药物递送系统开发提供新思路。 相似文献
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外泌体(exosomes)是细胞分泌的囊泡,在细胞与细胞之间通信中发挥重要作用。由于其固有的长距离通信能力和出色的生物相容性而具有很大的潜力作为药物递送载体,尤其适合递送蛋白质、核酸、基因治疗剂等治疗药物。许多研究表明外泌体可以有效地将许多不同种类的货物递送至靶细胞,因此,它们常被作为药物载体用于治疗。对外泌体作为药物递送系统中面临的外泌体分离,药物装载和靶向治疗应用的进展与挑战作一介绍,以期更好为外泌体药物递送系统开发提供新思路。 相似文献
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外泌体是细胞分泌的磷脂双分子层胞外囊泡,作为载体在细胞间发挥着物质传递和信息交流的功能.外泌体存在于多种不同体液中,在疾病诊断和药物载体方面具有良好的应用前景.由于外泌体纳米级别的大小和异质性,以及体液复杂的组成,使得体液来源外泌体的分离尤为困难.目前,体液来源外泌体分离有6种常用方法:超速离心法、沉淀法、分子筛色谱层... 相似文献
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外泌体是一种由细胞分泌的,直径一般为30-150 nm的囊泡。外泌体携带有多种蛋白质、mRNA及miRNA等生物标记物,并直接参与细胞间的信息传递、抗原传递、蛋白转运以及RNA转录等重要的生命活动过程,与癌症等多种疾病的发生密切相关,因此在疾病的发生机制探索和相关疾病的检测中具有重大的应用价值。然而,外泌体通常以游离的形式存在于体液中,对外泌体的分离和纯化是实现基于外泌体的疾病发生机制及疾病检测应用研究的基础。近年来,研究人员利用外泌体的生物物理和生物化学性质研发了多种分离和纯化外泌体的方法技术,主要有超速离心法、聚合物沉淀法、免疫分离法以及基于微流控的分离法等。综述了近年来外泌体分离和纯化方法的研究进展,简要论述了传统的外泌体分离方法,重点介绍了基于微流控技术的外泌体分离方法,并比较了这些方法的分离机制、优缺点以及应用前景。通过对近年来外泌体分离和纯化方法的研究现状进行归纳和比较,旨为相关研究人员开展外泌体研究工作提供参考,从而进一步推进外泌体在疾病检测及其他生物医学应用的研究进展。 相似文献
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本文提供一种快速提取组织外泌体的分离富集方法。通过将目标组织用机械法切碎,加入组织消化酶进行组织解离和过滤,将获得的组织细胞悬液依次进行差速离心、超离、尺寸排阻和超滤,实现组织高质量外泌体的富集纯化。组织解离方法比较试验中,采用组织消化酶解离组织得到的蛋白质含量更高,获得的外泌体组织来源的蛋白质污染小。富集小鼠心组织、小鼠肝组织、小鼠肾组织、人结肠癌组织、人乳腺癌组织和动脉粥样硬化组织的外泌体,并对其进行纳米粒径追踪和透射电镜观察。结果显示,外泌体的粒径均在30~150 nm内,结构清晰明确。对小鼠肝组织富集的外泌体进行蛋白质印迹分析。结果显示,阳性蛋白质标志物CD9、ALIX和CD63的表达,TSG101弱表达,阴性蛋白质标志物Calnexin无表达。本方法集合多种分离措施,能够达到分离纯化外泌体的作用,同时简化了分离组织外泌体的步骤,相对于其他方法,全程只需要4~5 h,节省了富集时间,所富集的外泌体纯度高、可溶性杂蛋白质污染小,实用性更加广泛。使用微量组织样本富集的外泌体即可满足后续纳米粒径追踪、蛋白质印迹、透射电镜和转录物组等分析。 相似文献
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间充质干细胞主要通过免疫调控和旁分泌在炎症性疾病的治疗中发挥功能。MSC的旁分泌效应是通过分泌可溶性因子并释放外泌体而发挥作用。外泌体将DNA、蛋白质/肽、mRNA、microRNA、脂质和细胞器等成分转移到受体细胞中直接发挥功能。MSC-Exo替代MSC为炎症性肠病的治疗提供了一种新策略。总结不同组织(骨髓、脐带和脂肪)来源的MSC- Exo用于治疗炎症性肠病的研究进展。 相似文献
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目的探讨脐带间充质干细胞的外泌体的获取与鉴定方法。方法通过组织块贴壁法从胎儿脐带分离和培养脐带间充质干细胞并通过RiboTMExosome Isolation Kit收集外泌体,采用电镜和流式细胞仪鉴定外泌体。结果第二代脐带间充质干细胞表面CD45、CD34和HLA-DR呈阴性表达,CD29、CD44和CD105呈阳性表达;在透射电镜下观察到脐带间充质干细胞外泌体呈圆形或椭圆形,大小不均匀,直径30~100 nm,有完整的膜结构,内含低密度物质;流式细胞检测外泌体CD9、CD63、CD81和CD83呈阳性表达。结论在培养脐带间充质干细胞的培养基中可以收集到外泌体,可以通过电镜和流式细胞仪对脐带间充质干细胞的外泌体进行鉴定。 相似文献
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Exosomes contain virtually every type of biomolecules that have originated from parental cells. High concentrations of exosomes are found in a variety of body fluids including urine, a body fluid that can be easily and non-invasively collected. Therefore, urinary exosomes are ideal materials for liquid biopsy. Although there are some major barriers to their use which include high variability and lack of standarization of exosome isolation methods. Therefore, it is highly recommended to systemically assess urinary exosome isolation strategies in terms of isolation concentration and purity. In this study, comparative studies among eight different strategies based on ultracentrifugation, ultrafiltration, precipitation, and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) were performed for urinary exosome isolation from healthy donors. The results indicated that SEC combined with ultrafiltration was the most compromised and balanced method for urinary exosome isolation in terms of both isolation concentration and purity. SEC combined with precipitation yielded the highest purity. Thus, the appropriate urinary exosome isolation method can be chosen depending on the downstream applications of isolated urinary exosomes. This comparative analysis of urinary exosome isolation methods contributes to the discovery of exosome-associated biomarker and the development of exosome-based diagnostics. 相似文献
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Microvesicles (MVs, also known as microparticles) are small vesicles that originate from plasma membrane of almost all eukaryotic cells during apoptosis or activation. MVs can serve as extracellular vehicles to transport bioactive molecules from their parental cells to recipient target cells, thereby serving as novel mediators for intercellular communication. Importantly, more and more evidence indicates that MVs could play important roles in early pathogenesis and subsequent progression of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Elevated plasma concentrations of MVs, originating from red blood cells, leukocytes, platelets, or other organs and tissues, have been reported in various cardiometabolic diseases. Circulating MVs could serve as potential biomarkers for disease diagnosis or therapeutic monitoring. In this review, we summarized recently-published studies in the field and discussed the role of MVs in the pathogenesis of cardiometabolic diseases. The emerging values of MVs that serve as biomarker for non-invasive diagnosis and prognosis, as well as their roles as novel therapeutic targets in cardiometabolic diseases, were also described. 相似文献
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中国的捕食线虫真菌Ⅰ. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用8种不同分离方法从我国贵州、云南、四川、广西等省的土壤、食用菌菇床上分离到10种捕食线虫真菌。8种方法中,以改良Drechsler法和直接分离法较好。10种捕食线虫真菌中,除Arthrobotrys oligospora曾记载腐生于河北棉桃外,其余均为我国新纪录种,它们是:Arthrobotrys superba,A.conoides A.oviformis,A.haptotyla,A.haptospora,A.cladodes,Monacrosporium lysipaga,M.ellipsopora,M.megalospola 相似文献
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Okamura N Masuda T Gotoh A Shirakawa T Terao S Kaneko N Suganuma K Watanabe M Matsubara T Seto R Matsumoto J Kawakami M Yamamori M Nakamura T Yagami T Sakaeda T Fujisawa M Nishimura O Okumura K 《Proteomics》2008,8(15):3194-3203
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is relatively resistant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Recent advances in drug development are providing novel agents for the treatment of RCC, but the effects are still minimal. In addition, there is an urgent need to identify diagnostic markers for RCC. In this report, to discover potential diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets, we subjected RCC samples to a quantitative proteomic analysis utilizing 2-nitrobenzenesulfenyl (NBS) reagent. Proteins were extracted from RCC and adjacent normal tissue, obtained surgically from patients, and labeled with NBS reagent containing six (12)C or (13)C. This was followed by trypsin digestion and the enrichment of labeled peptides. Samples were then subjected to analysis by MALDI-TOF MS. NBS-labeled peptides with a 6 Da difference were identified by MS/MS. Thirty-four proteins were upregulated in more than 60% of the patients of which some were previously known, and some were novel. The identity of a few proteins was confirmed by Western blotting and quantitative real time RT-PCR. The results suggest that NBS-based quantitative proteomic analysis is useful for discovering diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for RCC. 相似文献
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Petra Leidinger Christina Backes Benjamin Meder Eckart Meese Andreas Keller 《BMC genomics》2014,15(1)
Background
MiRNAs from body fluids gain more and more attraction as biomarker candidates. Besides serum, patterns from whole blood are increasingly considered as markers for human pathologies. Usually, the contribution of different cell types to the respective signature remains however unknown. In this study we provide insights into the human miRNome of different compounds of the blood including CD3, CD14, CD15, CD19, CD56 positive cells as well as exosomes.Methods
We measured the miRNA repertoire for each cell type and whole blood for two individuals at three time points over the course of one year in order to provide evidence that the cell type miRNomes can be reproducibly detected.Results
For measurements repeated after 24 hours we found on average correlation of 0.97, even after one year profiles still correlated with 0.96, demonstrating the enormous stability of the cell type specific miRNomes. Highest correlation was found for CD15 positive cells, exceeding Pearson correlation of 0.99. For exosomes a significantly higher variability of miRNA expression was detected. In order to estimate the complexity and variability of the cell type specific miRNomes, we generated profiles for all considered cell types in a total of seven unaffected individuals. While CD15 positive cells showed the most complex miRNome consisting of 328 miRNAs, we detected significantly less miRNAs (186, p = 1.5*10-5) in CD19 positive cells. Moreover, our analysis showed functional enrichment in many relevant categories such as onco-miRNAs and tumor miRNA suppressors. Interestingly, exosomes were enriched just for onco-miRNAs but not for miRNA tumor suppressors.Conclusion
In sum, our results provide evidence that blood cell type specific miRNomes are very consistent between individuals and over time. 相似文献18.
外泌体是一种由细胞主动向胞外分泌的囊泡类小体,因其能在细胞间传递蛋白、脂类和核酸等分子,而被认为是一种新的重要的细胞间通讯方式。RNA病毒,如HIV-1、HCV等,作为一类重要的病原体,一直影响着全人类的健康。近来的研究发现,病毒能够利用外泌体的某些相关功能促进其复制与传播。然而,对外泌体与病毒感染的相关研究才刚刚起步,尚有很多方面并未被详细认知,所要研究的内容还有很多。本文主要总结了外泌体在一些RNA病毒感染中的促进作用及其可能的机制,以期让大家了解RNA病毒与外泌体之间已有的相互关系。 相似文献