美国生物医药产业竞争力分析与启示

进入生物经济时代以来,以生物医药产业为代表的生物技术产业正在引领人类新一波技术产业革命。我国针对生物医药产业作出的战略部署已经取得了明显成效,但与美国等生物医药强国相比仍有较大的竞争差距。采用波特钻石模型构建了生物医药产业国际竞争力理论分析框架,以美国为例分析其生物医药产业在要素状况、企业结构和竞争、需求条件、相关及支持性产业、政府和发展机会六个方面的竞争优势,并基于此提出了我国发展生物医药产业的政策建议,从而为我国生物医药产业发展提供政策参考。     

区域生物医药产业基于钻石模型的竞争力研究——以石家庄为例

以波特的钻石模型为基础,根据生物医药产业的特点形成了六因素钻石模型的分析框架。以石家庄为例,对影响产业竞争力的生产要素、需求要素、相关和支持性产业要素、企业战略结构和竞争要素、政府、创新这六个要素进行了分析。并对提升产业竞争力的路径进行了阐释,通过发挥比较优势,因地制宜选择合适的产业集群发展模式,积极推进"政产学研医"结合,多种手段搞好创新,积极承接生物制药产业外包服务,加强中介、信息等产业支撑建设,搞好社会文化对生物医药产业的支撑等,保证石家庄生物医药产业的可持续发展。     

关于生物医药产业园区建设的思考

概括了生物医药产业园区的发展历史,介绍了目前世界上几个主要国家和地区生物医药产业园区的发展现状,详细阐述了我国生物医药产业园区的发展现状,深入分析了目前我国生物医药产业园区存在的问题,最后提出了对我国生物医药产业园区的几点思考和发展对策。     

生物医药产业发展态势与对策

当今许多国家政府已经把生物医药产业作为新的经济增长点来培育,通过采取不同政策和措施加速生物医药产业的发展。在我国政府相关利好政策的鼓励刺激和资金扶持下,我国生物医药产业有望加快走出经济危机的低谷,迎来快速发展期;在政府的引导下,构建生物产业技术创新战略联盟,推进资源整合和优势互补;多个高科技生物医药产业园区建设蓬勃,形成和集聚了一批具有较强实力的创新型企业,有力地带动了全国生物医药产业的发展和技术创新能力的提高。我国生物医药产业发展的重点要在产学研结合、前沿生物技术方面、市场准入政策和规范市场竞争秩序,以及高素质人才队伍的建设方面有所突破。根据市场导向,国家出台和制定相应的产业发展规划和政策,鼓励生物产业发展,加快国家生物医药产业基地建设;制定有关优惠政策,鼓励生物技术企业多种渠道和形式解产业发展资金问题;建立生物医药产业资源共享的机制,加强沟通与公共平台建设;发挥龙头企业的作用,支持大企业的收购兼并;加强相关法律法规建设,完善生物安全法和知识产权制度等一些措施来应对我国生物产业的快速发展。     

全球生物医药产业产能分析

近10年，种种原因导致全球生物药物的生产增长显著。生物药物具有多项益处，如药效十分显著，毒副作用少，以及实际治愈疾病的潜力并非治标不治本等。另外，由于生物药物治愈的新疾病数量日益增多，也成为推动生物医药全球生产增长的因素之一。     

2014 年常州生物医药产业的分析与研究

随着中国医疗改革的持续推进,以及生物医药被纳入国家战略性新兴产业体系,中国生物医药产业迎来了加速发展和布局调整的重 要机遇。近年来,常州市政府也不断加大对生物医药的投入力度,从政策和资金等各方面扶持生物医药产业发展。主要从产业概况、产业结构、 产业布局、创新能力、资本运作、人才建设等方面,全面总结常州生物医药产业发展情况,分析其存在的问题并提出推进措施。     

浅谈生物医药产业技术创新战略联盟

详细介绍了产业技术创新战略联盟的定义,分析了国外生物医药领域产学研合作的先进经验,阐述了国外(美国)生物医药领域产业技术创新战略联盟运作模式及借鉴意义,深入探讨了目前国内生物医药产业技术创新战略联盟的现状及存在的问题,并从政府、企业、高校及研究机构以及联盟本身四个层面提出生物医药产业技术创新战略联盟的发展思路和对策。     

荷兰废弃混凝土回收利用产业发展借鉴

荷兰对建筑废弃物尤其是废弃混凝土的回收利用处于国际领先水平。对荷兰废弃混凝土回收利用产业的利益相关者行为和相互关系进行分析,基于波特钻石模型理清荷兰废弃混凝土回收利用产业发展机制。借鉴荷兰发展的经验,结合国情提出促进我国混凝土回收利用产业发展的建议。     

辽宁省生物医药产业发展现状与对策研究

在近30年来,我国在生物医药产业领域的发展取得了较为显著的成绩,但与发达国家相比,我国在技术研发、人才资源、科研投入及产业化水平等方面还存在明显差距。针对辽宁省生物医药产业的现状和问题进行分析,就辽宁省生物医药产业今后的发展提出对策建议。     

产业集群导向的生物医药招商引资策略

20世纪 90年代以来 ,全国各地纷纷规划建设生物医药科技园区 ,意图通过“筑巢引风”和招商引资来发展生物医药产业。但从实践来看 ,除了上海张江生物医药基地等少数几家发展较好之外 ,大部分生物医药科技园发展缓慢 ,缺乏技术和产业特色 ,缺乏自我发展的能力。目前各地生物医药产业及生物科技园的发展面临两大难题 :第一 ,在生物医药招商引资中如何提出新思路和争创新优势。随着长江三角洲、珠江三角洲、京津塘等经济---科技....     

美国农业生态学发展综述

农业生态学是生态学的一个分支学科,是生态学原理在农业上的具体应用。美国是世界上最大的农业强国。美国农业的发展,得益于农业生态学的理论指导和农业生态学原理的实践运用。在实地调查与研读有关文献资料的基础上,对美国农业生态学的发展进行了考察与分析,认为:(1)美国农业生态学产生于1928年,至今已有85年的发展历史。美国农业生态学可划分为4个发展阶段,即:起始阶段(1928-1961年)、扩展阶段(1962-1979年)、巩固阶段(1980-1999年)和新发展阶段(2000年-)。(2)美国农业生态学的内涵由起初的一门"学科(科学)",逐步向着包括有"过程"、"理念"、"方法"、"行动"、"体系"、"运动"、"实践活动"、"强有力的工具"等多重涵义的方向发展,农业生态学内涵的深度和广度均得到不断丰富和完善。(3)美国农业生态学的基本内容包括背景(农业生态学国际背景)、理论(农业生态学理论基础)、设计(农业生态系统的优化设计)和管理(农业生态学理论的实践应用)等4部分,美国农业生态学具有4个明显特征——视野的全球性、内容的多样性、体系的灵活性和技术的实用性。(4)未来美国农业生态学将朝着"高"(高起点、高标准、高效率、高水平)、"新"(新手段、新方法、新技术,新成果、新成效、新进展)、"长"(长期观察分析、长期资料积累、长期定位试验)、"多"(农业生态学研究与分析采用多点、多地、多样本、多模式、多途径、多指标、多方法)、"实"(联系实际、注重实践、讲求实效、展现实绩)的方向发展。     

我国生物医药园区发展特点及未来发展建议

对我国生物医药园区中的108个园区进行了调研,对我国生物医药园区的发展现状有了初步的认识。经过调研发现,部分地区生物医药园区布局合理,带动区域经济健康发展。全国初步形成三大生物医药产业集群。园区成为生物医药产业发展的重要依托。最后,对我国生物医药园区发展的提出了五条建议。     

Human plague in the USA: the importance of regional and local climate

A 56-year time series of human plague cases (Yersinia pestis) in the western United States was used to explore the effects of climatic patterns on plague levels. We found that the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), together with previous plague levels and above-normal temperatures, explained much of the plague variability. We propose that the PDO's impact on plague is conveyed via its effect on precipitation and temperature and the effect of precipitation and temperature on plague hosts and vectors: warmer and wetter climate leading to increased plague activity and thus an increased number of human cases. Our analysis furthermore provides insights into the consistency of plague mechanisms at larger scales.     

For Love,Money, or Normalcy: Meanings of Strategy and Sentiment in the Russian-American Matchmaking Industry

Public debates about international matchmaking highlight the victimization of impoverished women by western men or the self-interested instrumentalism of women who marry for visas. Meanwhile, agencies and many of their clients portray this as a linking of well-intentioned lonely hearts who just want normal family lives. A meaningful anthropological account must incorporate and move beyond both types of narratives, acknowledging that deeply felt sentiment and ‘strategic’ plans to improve one's life overlap in all kinds of social exchange, romantic or otherwise. How the relationship between self-interest and affect is understood depends upon historically specific and gendered experiences of political economy. Participants’ framings of their own and their prospective spouses’ ‘sincerity’ and ‘seriousness’ are diagnostic of structural pressures each group has experienced, which they seek to address through international marriage.     

Biological control of invasive plants through collaboration between China and the United States of America: a perspective

For more than 100 years, classical biological control of invasive plants through screening, introducing and releasing of host-specific natural enemies from native regions has been regarded as one of the promising approaches to the management of invasive plants. Many invasive plants in the United States of America are native to China, and vice versa. China and the USA also share a number of invasive plant species, including water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), alligator weed (Alternanthera philoxeroides) and cordgrass (Spartina spp.). Collaboration between the two countries on biological control benefits both the nations by reciprocal opportunities to research and exchange natural enemies, by exchanging information on common invasive species, and by providing training for students and professionals. Here we review the history of collaboration between China and the US on biological control of more than 20 invasive plants. Current collaborative projects associated with four plant species, Polygonum perfoliatum L., Trapa natans L. Pueraria montana (Lour.) Merr. var. lobata and Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle, are also covered. We prioritize 14 invasive plants as targets for future collaborative biological control based on information on their importance in introduced areas, natural enemy records, and their potential biocontrol risk to introduced ecosystems. They are: Ampelopsis brevipendunculata, Celastrus orbiculatus, Dioscorea oppositifolia, Euonymus alata, Euonymus fortunei, Ligustrum sinense, Melia azedarach, Paulownia tomentosa, Sapium sebiferum and Ulmus pumila for the US, as well as Spartina alterniflora, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Ambrosia trifida and Solidago canadensis for China. In addition, we emphasize that we must very carefully consider any potential non-target effect when we intend to introduce and release new natural enemies. We anticipate that the high priority both countries have placed on control of invasive plants will stimulate increasing collaboration on biological control.     

基于灰色综合关联分析法的粤港澳大湾区生物医药产业效益研究*

生物医药产业是中国医药制造业的第三大产业,也是粤港澳大湾区重点扶持的新兴高技术产业之一。透视产业主营业务收入与各类指标的关联情况是进一步指导粤港澳大湾区生物医药产业建设规划的必要之举。而灰色综合关联分析法是探索指标间关联程度的重要工具。通过多种权威途径获得粤港澳大湾区生物医药产业规模以上企业数量、企业孵化器数量、新增专利数、自然科学基金立项投入总额、非自然科学基金立项数量、产学研合作项数量六大指标数据。采用灰色关联分析法,将所得数据进行建模并求解,得出这六大指标与粤港澳大湾区生物医药产业主营业务收入的关联度。结果显示,规模以上企业数量与粤港澳大湾区生物医药产业主营业务收入的关联度最高,其次为自然科学基金立项投入总额,再次为产学研合作项数量,非自然科学基金立项数量位列第四,企业孵化器数量、新增专利数分别位列第五、第六。因此,谋求粤港澳大湾区生物医药产业的进一步发展应着重从提高规模以上企业数量、重视自然科学基金投入、加强政产学研合作3个层面入手。     

Options for biodiversity conservation in managed forest landscapes of multiple ownerships in Oregon and Washington,USA

We examine existing and developing approaches to balance biodiversity conservation and timber production with the changing conservation roles of federal and nonfederal forest land ownerships in the US Pacific Northwest. At landscape scales, implementation of the reserve-matrix approach of the federal Northwest Forest Plan in 1994 was followed by proposals of alternative designs to better integrate disturbance regimes or to conserve biodiversity in landscapes of predominantly young forests through active management without reserves. At stand scales, landowners can improve habitat heterogeneity through a host of conventional and alternative silvicultural techniques. There are no state rules that explicitly require biodiversity conservation on nonfederal lands in the region. However, state forest practices rules require retention of structural legacies to enhance habitat complexity and establishment of riparian management areas to conserve aquatic ecosystems. Habitat Conservation Plans (HCPs) under the US Endangered Species Act provide regulatory incentives for nonfederal landowners to protect threatened and endangered species. A state-wide programmatic HCP has recently emerged as a multi-species conservation approach on nonfederal lands. Among voluntary incentives, the Forest Stewardship Council certification comprehensively addresses fundamental elements of biodiversity conservation; however, its tough conservation requirements may limit its coverage to relatively small land areas. Future changes in landscape management strategies on federal lands may occur without coordination with nonfederal landowners because of the differences in regulatory and voluntary incentives between ownerships. This raises concerns when potentially reduced protections on federal lands are proposed, and the capacity of the remaining landscape to compensate has been degraded. This paper was previously published in Biodiversity and Conservation, Volume 16(13) under doi: