稻瘟病菌单克隆抗体2B4的研究

从230个具有ELISA阳性反应的细胞株获得了11株具有高效价的单克隆抗体,其中2B4显示较强结合作用,并均能与分子孢子、芽管和附着胞表面结合。Western blotting分析表明,单抗2B4能与孢子芽管表面的1％SDS提取物中的15kDa的蛋白结合。免疫金定位发现该蛋白确是在病菌各个形态阶段广泛存在的分泌性蛋白。采用2B4从分生孢子cDNA表达文库中筛选获得6个阳性克隆。该克隆MP1表达的蛋白抗原与实际存在的15 kDa是相一致的。其基因克隆及功能分析正在研究之中。     

稻瘟病菌含信号肽小蛋白的计算机分析

结合计算机技术和生物信息学的方法,采用组合的信号肽分析软件SignalPv3.0、TargetPv1.1、Big-PIpredictor、TMHMMv2.0和SecretomeP对已公布的1486个稻瘟菌(magnaporthegrisea)小蛋白基因的N-端氨基酸序列进行信号肽分析,同时系统分析了信号肽的类型及结构。分析结果表明,在1486个稻瘟病菌小蛋白中,119个具有N-端信号肽的典型分泌蛋白。其中116个具有分泌型信号肽,1个具RR-motif型信号肽,2个具信号肽酶II型信号肽。在稻瘟病菌基因组中,分泌型小蛋白的序列是高度趋异的,仅出现少数氨基酸组成完全一致的信号肽,为进一步确认具有相同信号肽的分泌蛋白是否具有同源性,分别用BLAST2SEQUENCES对具有相同信号肽的分泌蛋白进行了序列对比。结果表明,具有相同信号肽的分泌蛋白同源性非常高。同时还采用Sublocv1.0对1486个小蛋白的亚细胞位置进行了预测,结果显示小蛋白的可能功能场所包括细胞质、细胞外、线立体和细胞核,功能场所位于细胞核的小蛋白是最多的。     

假单胞菌株JKD—2分泌铁载体抑制稻瘟病菌

利用铬奥醇（CAS）分析法测定了假单胞菌（Pseudomonassp．）JKD－2分泌铁载体的特征。在无铁环境下JKD-2菌能分泌高亲和力的铁载体;在低铁条件下,铁载体的分泌量减少;在富铁环境下,则不能分泌。结果还显示菌株JKD-2在无铁条件下分泌的铁载体,能在低铁条件下抑制稻瘟病菌（Piriculariaoryzae）的生长。     

膜泡运输蛋白VdSec22参与大丽轮枝菌胞外蛋白的分泌和致病性

摘要:【目的】验证大丽轮枝菌分泌途径中一个膜泡运输蛋白VdSec22的功能,为防治棉花黄萎病提供潜在的生物靶点。【方法】利用“正负双向筛选法”的方法,构建大丽轮枝菌VdSec22蛋白编码基因缺失的突变体菌株ΔQF。通过农杆菌介导的转化,将其编码基因VdSec22重新导入ΔQF构建了功能回补菌株CΔQF。以野生型菌株为对照,检测上述菌株分泌胞外蛋白(果胶酶、纤维素酶和毒素蛋白)的能力;采用蘸根接种的方法,检测上述菌株对棉花致病性的差异。同时通过定量PCR检测内质网分子伴侣表达量的方法,推断突变体菌株ΔQF中是否发生了内质网应激反应。【结果】成功构建了基因敲除突变体ΔQF和功能回补菌株CΔQF。突变体菌株ΔQF的果胶酶、纤维素酶、毒素蛋白的分泌能力和对棉花的致病性均较野生型减弱,并且产生了内质网应激反应。重新导入VdSec22基因可弥补突变体菌株ΔQF的上述缺陷。【结论】VdSec22是大丽轮枝菌的一个重要分泌途径蛋白,在大丽轮枝菌诸多胞外致病蛋白的分泌和棉花致病性中起重要作用。VdSec22可作为防治棉花黄萎病的潜在生物靶点。     

稻瘟病菌无毒基因研究进展

水稻与稻瘟病菌之间的特异互作符合基因对基因假说。本文将从稻瘟病菌与水稻抗病基因间的互作特点、稻瘟病菌的分子标记、已克隆的稻瘟病菌无毒基因三个方面对稻瘟病菌无毒基因研究进展作简要介绍     

稻瘟病菌效应蛋白的分泌特征及其在水稻细胞中的转运

许多病原菌能够通过分泌不同的效应蛋白以调控植物的防御以及胞内进程,从而助其有效入侵植物组织。稻瘟病菌的效应蛋白根据其不同的定位特点,被分为细胞质效应蛋白与质外体效应蛋白两类。在侵染过程中,细胞内的侵染菌丝被源于宿主植物的交界面菌丝膜(extrainvasive hyphal membrane, EIHM)包围,由EIHM与侵染菌丝细胞壁形成的质外体隔间是效应蛋白分泌的"必经通道"。此外,在稻瘟病菌侵染过程中会形成一个高度局部化的结构—活体营养表面复合体(biotrophic interfacial complex, BIC),它能够聚集由侵染菌丝分泌的细胞质效应蛋白。该文综述了稻瘟病菌效应蛋白的功能及其迁移过程,介绍了BIC的两个重要的形成阶段,阐明了不同效应蛋白的定位特点以及胞间转运的动态过程,揭示了效应蛋白分泌、转运至水稻细胞质以及在水稻细胞之间移动的分子机制。     

假单胞菌株JKD—2分泌铁载体抑制稻瘟病菌*

利用铬奥醇（CAS）分析法测定了假单胞菌（Pseudomonassp．）JKD－2分泌铁载体的特征。在无铁环境下JKD-2菌能分泌高亲和力的铁载体;在低铁条件下,铁载体的分泌量减少;在富铁环境下,则不能分泌。结果还显示菌株JKD-2在无铁条件下分泌的铁载体,能在低铁条件下抑制稻瘟病菌（Piriculariaoryzae）的生长。     

稻瘟病菌侵染诱导的水稻早期反应基因的cDNA片段克隆与序列分析

以稻瘟病菌感染水稻,利用ｍＲＮＡ差汞显示技术分离了稻瘟病菌侵染诱导的水稻早期反应基因ＥＲ１的ｃＤＮＡ片段。Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎ ｂｌｏｔ分析表明,ＥＲ１基因在稻瘟病菌侵染水稻叶片６ｈ后开始表达,８ｈ最强,１０￣１２ｈ开始减弱,１６ｈ消失。Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｍ ｂｌｏｔ分析表明,ＥＲ１基因属于水稻基因组。对ＥＲ１基因片段进行了克隆和序列分析。经查询,在ＧｅｎＢａｎｋ中没有与ＥＲ１同源的基因序列。     

稻瘟病菌组蛋白脱乙酰化酶SIR2 HDACs的功能初探

利用生物信息学方法对稻瘟病菌(Magnaporthe grisea)组蛋白脱乙酰化酶SIR2家族成员(SRT3001、SRT3002、SRT3003、SRT3004、SRT3005、SRT3006和SRT3007)的生物学功能进行研究.结果表明,SIR2 HDACs家族成员位于不同的染色体上,分布于细胞的不同部位;它们编码的蛋白均含有蛋白激酶C磷酸化、酪蛋白激酶Ⅱ磷酸化、N-糖基化、N-豆蔻酰化4个相同的位点;它们均无跨膜区,且为亲水蛋白质,都无信号肽.多序列比对发现稻瘟病菌SIR2 HDACs家族结构域高度保守,均含有SIR2结构域;这些蛋白可能参与病原菌的转录调节、能量代谢和染色质沉默等过程.     

稻瘟菌Magnaporthe oryzae P-ATPases基因家族分析

利用TCDB(Transporter Classification Database)网站数据库中的P-ATPases氨基酸序列对稻瘟菌全基因组表达序列(Coding Sequence,CDS)数据库进行搜索和分析,共发现23个P-ATPases基因,进化树分析表明这23个基因分属于4个家族和7个亚家族。构建了本地ESTs数据库,通过P-ATPases基因CDS序列与EST序列比对分析发现,在这些基因中有20个存在EST同源体,另外3个基因没有发现EST同源体,因此这20个基因是真实P-ATPases基因的可能性更高。运用MEME程序分析了这些P-ATPases蛋白结构域的基序,有6种基序在90%以上的基因氨基酸序列中出现,属保守基序。对这23个P-ATPases基因GC含量的分析表明,它们的平均GC含量在0.519-0.628之间,稍高于稻瘟菌整个基因组GC平均含量(0.516),同时这些基因内各区段GC含量变化不大,没有明显的梯度变化。本文结果为下一步深入研究稻瘟菌中P-ATPases基因家族的功能奠定了基础。     

A Pid3 allele from rice cultivar Gumei2 confers resistance to Magnaporthe oryzae

Rice blast, caused by Magnaporthe oryzae, is one of the most devastating diseases. Using map-based strategy and in silico approach we isolated a new rice (Oryza sativa L.) blast resistance allele of Pid3, designated Pi25, from a stable blast resistance cultivar Gumei2. Overexpression analysis and complementation test showed that Pi25 conferred blast resistance to M. oryzae isolate js001-20. Sequence analysis showed that Pi25 was an intronless gene of 2772 nucleotides with single nucleotide substitution in comparison to Pid3 at the nucleotide position 459 and predicatively encoded a typical coiled coil-nucleotide binding site-leucine rich repeat (CC--NBS--LRR) protein of 924 amino acid residuals with 100% identity to Pid3 putative protein. The susceptible allele pi25 in Nipponbare contained a nonsense mutation at the nucleotide position 2209 resulting in a truncated protein with 736 amino acid residuals. In addition, 14 nucleotide substitutions resulting in 10 amino acid substitutions were identified between Pi25 and pi25 upstream the premature stop codon in the susceptible allele. Although the mechanism of Pi25/Pid3-mediated resistance needs to be further investigated, the isolation of the allele would facilitate the utilization of Pi25/Pid3 in rice blast resistance breeding program via transgenic approach and marker assisted selection.     

Penetration and Post-Penetration Resistance to Magnaporthe oryzae in Arabidopsis

The rate of entry of Magnaporthe oryzae into the Arabidopsis pen2 quintuple (pen2 NahG pmr5 agb1 mlo2) mutant was significantly higher than those into the pen2 quadruple (pen2 NahG pmr5 agb1 and pen2 NahG pmr5 mlo2) mutants. The lengths of the infection hyphae in the pen2 quintuple mutant were intermediate between the pen2 quadruple mutants. These results suggest that different genetic networks, consisting of PEN2, PMR5, AGB1, and MLO2, control penetration and post-penetration resistance to M. oryzae in Arabidopsis.     

ERECTA contributes to non-host resistance to Magnaporthe oryzae in Arabidopsis

ERECTA controls both developmental processes and disease resistance in Arabidopsis. We investigated the function of ERECTA in non-host resistance to Magnaporthe oryzae in Arabidopsis. In the pen2 er mutant, penetration resistance and post-penetration resistance to M. oryzae were compromised. These results suggest that ERECTA is involved in both penetration and post-penetration resistance to M. oryzae in Arabidopsis.     

内生细菌B10对稻瘟病菌抑制作用的初步研究

目的:研究内生细菌B10对水稻稻瘟病菌的抑制作用,为菌株的应用提供理论依据。方法:采用菌丝生长速率法、孢子萌发法和田间试验测定内生细菌发酵上清液和菌液对稻瘟病菌的抑制作用。结果:内生细菌B10发酵上清液对稻瘟病菌菌丝生长和孢子萌发有较强的抑制作用,100倍稀释液对菌丝生长的抑制率为79.37%,对孢子萌发的抑制率为63.42%,对稻瘟病的田间防治效果达70.2%以上。结论:内生细菌B10对稻瘟病有较强的抑菌作用。     

江西稻瘟病菌稻巨座壳致病性分化年度动态变化

为明确江西水稻种植区稻巨座壳菌（稻瘟病病菌）的年际变化规律,本研究采用7个中国鉴别寄主与30个单基因鉴别品系两套鉴别寄主分别鉴定分析了2006-2018年间从江西37个水稻主要种植县市分离的1 161个稻瘟病单孢菌的生理小种、致病力、致病类型与无毒基因型等。研究结果表明,江西稻瘟病菌可以分成7群49个生理小种,其中ZA、ZB、ZC群为优势种群,ZB13为优势小种,出现频率为18.00%,以毒性较强的强致病力菌株为主;江西稻瘟病菌在生理小种构成、优势小种、致病力年际变化方面均具有3-5年的周期性;江西历年稻瘟病菌的致病类型较为丰富且存在年度差异,菌株致病类型占各年度总菌株数的82.79%-98.21%,优势致病型菌株占当年总菌株的3.57%-5.77%;历年稻瘟病菌的无毒基因个数为24-29个,其中Avr-Pizt、Avr-Piz5、Avr-Pik、Avr-Pik(C)在历年供试菌株中出现频率较高,说明与之相对应的抗瘟基因在江西抗病育种与抗性品种布局中具有较好的应用价值。     

Proteomic analysis of salicylic acid-induced resistance to Magnaporthe oryzae in susceptible and resistant rice

To probe salicylic acid (SA)-induced sequential events at translational level and factors associated with SA response, we conducted virulence assays and proteomic profiling analysis on rice resistant and susceptible cultivars against Magnaporthe oryzae at various time points after SA treatment. The results showed that SA significantly enhanced rice resistance against M. oryzae. Proteomic analysis of SA-treated leaves unveiled 36 differentially expressed proteins implicated in various functions, including defense, antioxidative enzymes, and signal transduction. Majority of these proteins were induced except three antioxidative enzymes, which were negatively regulated by SA. Consistent with the above findings, SA increased the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) with resistant cultivar C101LAC showing faster response to SA and producing higher level of ROS than susceptible cultivar CO39. Furthermore, we showed that nucleoside diphosphate kinase 1, which is implicated in regulation of ROS production, was strongly induced in C101LAC but not in CO39. Taken together, the findings suggest that resistant rice cultivar might possess a more sensitive SA signaling system or effective pathway than susceptible cultivar. In addition, our results indicate that SA also coordinates other cellular activities such as photosynthesis and metabolism to facilitate defense response and recovery, highlighting the complexity of SA-induced resistance mechanisms.     

SOBIR1 contributes to non-host resistance to Magnaporthe oryzae in Arabidopsis

The rate of entry of Magnaporthe oryzae into Arabidopsis pen2 sobir1 plants was significantly higher than that into pen2 plants. The length of the infection hyphae in pen2 sobir1 plants was significantly longer than that in pen2 plants. These results suggest that SOBIR1 is involved in both penetration and post-penetration resistance to M. oryzae in Arabidopsis.