中国中遁蛛属一新种(蜘蛛目,遁蛛科)

记述了我国遁蛛科中遁蛛属一新种,命名为崇安中遁蛛（Ｓｉｎｏｐｏｄａ ｃｈｏｎｇ’ａｎ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．）．文中量度单位为ｍｍ。模式标本保存于湖南省生物研究所。     

海南小遁蛛属1新种（蜘蛛目：巨蟹蛛科）

记述采自海南省乐东县尖峰岭国家自然保护区的巨蟹蛛科小遁蛛属１新种,海南小遁蛛Ｍｉｃｒｏｍｍａｔａ ｈａｉｎａｎｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。     

我国南方巨蟹蛛属一新种(蜘蛛目:遁蛛科)

本文记述了采自湖南南岳的拟遁蛛属一新种,命名为南岳拟遁蛛,新种Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｐｏｄａ Ｎａｎｙｕｅｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．模式标本保存于湖南师范大学、湖南省生物研究所。     

中国伪遁蛛属Pseudopoda 2新种记述（蜘蛛目：异足蛛科）

报道了采白云南的伪遁蛛属Pseudopoda蜘蛛2新种：镇康伪遁蛛,新种Pseudopoda zhenkangensis sp．nov．和蝶形伪遁蛛,新种Prhopalocera sp．nov．．模式标本保存于大理学院生命科学与化学学院和中国林业科学研究院资源昆虫研究所。文中测量单位为mm。     

中国拟遁蛛属一新种记述(蜘蛛目,异足蛛科)

记述了采自中国西藏的拟遁蛛属1新种:张氏拟遁蛛,新种Pseudopoda zhangi sp.nov.。张氏拟遁蛛,新种Pseudopoda zhangi sp.nov.(图1~5)正模♂,副模1♀,西藏墨脱县背崩乡(29°13′N,95°18′E,海拔2253m),2003-08-08,张锋采;副模2♀♀,西藏墨脱县背崩乡,2003-08-13,张锋采。词源:以采集人的姓氏命名。     

云南伪遁蛛雌蛛的首次记述

首次记述了云南伪遁蛛Pseudopoda yunnanensis(Yang ＆ Hu,2001)的雌蛛,重新绘制了雄蛛触肢器的结构图,并给出了雌雄个体外形图和触肢器、外雌器的数码照片.     

中国湖南省巨蟹蛛科2新种（蛛形纲：蜘蛛目）

记述我国湖南省巨蟹蛛科２新种,命名为龙山中遁蛛,新种Ｓｉｎｏｐｏｄａ ｌｏｎｇｓｈａｎ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．和石门巨蟹蛛,新种Ｈｅｔｅｒｏｐｏｄａ ｓｈｉｍｅｎ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。     

狼蛛,蟹蛛和跳蛛

狼蛛、蟹蛛和跳蛛分别是蜘蛛目中三个科的蜘蛛的通称。这三类蜘蛛包括了我们日常见到的游猎型蜘蛛的大部分种类,它们在帮助人类消灭害虫中所起作用也较大,所以作为动物学教学中的例子加以介绍。 (一)狼蛛狼蛛在地面或植物上疾驰,凶狠如狼,故名。体长3-25毫米,但多数种类在5-8毫米间。体色多黄褐色,不鲜艳。8眼,排成三列。前列4个小眼,中、后两列各2个眼,较大;后列两眼的间距稍大于中列两眼的间距(图1左)。卵袋扁球形,由两片半圆形丝膜缝合而成。卵袋挂在母蛛腹部后端的纺器上,由母蛛随身携带。幼蛛孵出后不分散,而是爬伏在母蛛腹部     

奎孔蛛（跳蛛科）雌蛛记述

本文记述奎孔蛛的雌性和雄性鉴别特征。雌蛛最初记述于越南,雌蛛系新发现。文内附以雄蛛左触肢的腹面观和侧面观,其中侧面观的角度与原定名人的附图的角度不同,以供读者参考。本种在我国系新记录,产于湖南和云南两省,其实际分布范围尚待进一步调查。     

中国园蛛2雄蛛（蜘蛛目：园蛛科）

首次记述２种中国园蛛－类高居金蛛ＡｒｇｉｏｐｅａｅｈｅｒｏｉｄｅｓＹｉｎｅｔ．ａｌ．１９８９和双隆园蛛ＡｒａｎｅｕｓｐｒｏｍｉｎｅｎｓＹｉｎｅｔａｌ．１９８９的雄蛛。     

Relative configuration of thioridazine enantiomers

The relative configuration of the enantiomers of thioridazine was defined to explore the stereochemistry associated with the selective binding of (?)-thioridazine to dopamine D-1 receptors and (+)-thioridazine to D-2 receptors. Using a seven-step stereoconservative synthesis, (?)-(S)-2-piperidinecarboxylic acid was converted to (?)-(S*)-2-(2-chloroethyl)-1-methylpiperidine, a literature (?)-thioridazine synthetic precursor. Accordingly, (?)- and (+)-thioridazine are the (S)- and (R)-enantiomers, respectively.     

Dodecaploid H1 embryonic stem cells abolished pluripotency in L15F10 medium both with and without leukemia inhibitory factor

Two lines of dodecaploid H1 embryonic stem cells, 12H1 and 12H1(?) cells (mouse-originated cells), were established through polyploidization of two hexaploid H1 cells, 6H1 and 6H1(?) cells, which were cultured in L15F10 (7:3) medium with and without leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), respectively. The G₁, S, and G₂/M phase fractions of 12H1 and 12H1(?) cells were almost the same as those of 6H1 and 6H1(?) cells, respectively, but the doubling time of cell proliferation was prolonged, suggesting that cell death occurred in 12H1 and 12H1(?)cells. The cell volumes of 12H1 and 12H1(?) cells were about double those of 6H1 and 6H1(?) cells, respectively. 12H1 and 12H1(?) cells showed near-negative activity of alkaline phosphatase and no ability to form teratocarcinomas in mouse abdomen, suggesting that 12H1 and 12H1(?) cells lost pluripotency. The DNA contents of 12H1 and 12H1(?) cells decayed in long-term culturing, suggesting that 12H1 and 12H1(?) cells were DNA-unstable. Possible explanations for the lost pluripotency and for the DNA decay in 12H1 and 12H1(?) cells are presented.     

Different responses between diploid and tetraploid H1 embryonic stem cells appeared during long-term culturing in L15F10 medium without leukemia inhibitory factor

To examine the alteration in cellular characteristics of polyploid embryonic stem (ES) cells during long-term culturing without leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), mouse diploid and tetraploid H-1 (ES) cells (2H1 and 4H1 cells, respectively) were cultured without LIF for approximately 5 months. 2H1 and 4H1 cells were adapted to the medium without LIF by decreasing the concentration for several passages, and they were denoted as 2H1(?) and 4H1(?) cells, respectively. DNA content of 4H1(?) cells decreased gradually in the early stage, increased abruptly in the second stage, and then was maintained for a long time. 4H1(?) cells exhibited longer doubling time and equivalent phase fraction compared with those of 2H1(?) cells. The G? phase fractions of 2H1(?) and 4H1(?) cells were increased compared with that of 2H1 cells. Cellular morphology and pluripotency were maintained in 4H1(?) cells but not in 2H1(?) cells. 2H1(?) cells showed a cell population consisting of several kinds of cells, and they lost alkaline phosphatase activity, suggesting that the cells had differentiated. 4H1(?) cells, however, exhibited alkaline phosphatase activity and formed teratocarcinoma in mouse abdomen, suggesting that the cells maintained their pluripotency in the medium without LIF.     

Synthesis of Analogs of Optically Active α-Ionylideneacetic Acid

The Wittig reaction of (?)-α-ionone (VIa) with carbethoxymethylenetriphenylphosphorane afforded (?)-ethyl α-ionylideneacetate (VIIa). tert-Butyl chromate oxidation of the above ester (VIIa) gave (?)-ethyl 4′-keto-α-ionylideneacetate (VIlla). Selenium dioxide oxidation of (?)-α-ionone (IVa) in ethanol afforded (?)-1′-hydroxy-α-ionone (X), which reacted with car-bethoxymethylenetriphenylphosphorane to give (?)-ethyl 1′-hydroxy-α-ionylideneacetate (XI). tert-Butyl chromate oxidation of the hydroxy-ester (XI) gave (?)-ethyl abscisate (XII) and ethyl 3′-keto-β-ionylideneacetate (XIII). The sensitized photooxidation of ethyl dehydro-β-ionylideneacetate (XVI) using chlorophyll was attempted.     

Minor alkaloids of Heliotropium curassavicum

Isolation and structure determination of the minor alkaloids of Heliotropium curassavicum are described. These include the new pyrrolizidine alkaloids, heliocurassavine [isoretronecanol (?) curassavine], heliocoromandaline [isoretronecanol (+) viridiflorate], heliocurassavicine [isoretronecanol (?) trachelanthate], heliocurassavinine [laburnine (?) trachelanthate], curassavinine [supinidine (?) curassavate], coromandalinine [supinidine (+) viridifloratel, heliovinine [supinidine (?) trachelanthate] and curassanecine [1-(α-hydroxy-methyl)-8α pyrrolizidin-1β-ol]. Structures were established by high resolution ¹H NMR, mass spectrometry and paper electrophoresis of the alkaloids and their hydrolysis products.     

Structure activity relationship studies of tricyclic bispyran sulfone γ-secretase inhibitors

An investigation is detailed of the structure activity relationships (SAR) of two sulfone side chains of compound (?)-1a (SCH 900229), a potent, PS1-selective γ-secretase inhibitor and clinical candidate for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Specifically, 4-CF₃ and 4-Br substituted arylsulfone analogs, (?)-1b and (?)-1c, are equipotent to compound (?)-1a. On the right hand side chain, linker size and terminal substituents of the pendant sulfone group are also investigated.     

Electronegative LDL induces MMP-9 and TIMP-1 release in monocytes through CD14 activation: Inhibitory effect of glycosaminoglycan sulodexide

Objective

Electronegative LDL (LDL(?)) is involved in atherosclerosis through the activation of the TLR4/CD14 inflammatory pathway in monocytes. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) and their inhibitors (tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase [TIMP]) are also crucially involved in atherosclerosis, but their modulation by LDL(?) has never been investigated. The aim of this study was to examine the ability of LDL(?) to release MMPs and TIMPs in human monocytes and to determine whether sulodexide (SDX), a glycosaminoglycan-based drug, was able to affect their secretion.

Pluripotency of a polyploid H1 (ES) cell system without leukaemia inhibitory factor

Objectives: Tetraploid cells are strictly biologically inhibited from composition of embryos; by the same token, only diploid cells compose embryos. However, the distinction between diploid and tetraploid cells in development has not been well explained. To examine pluripotency of polyploid ES cells, a polyploid embryonic stem (ES)‐cell system was prepared. Materials and methods: Diploid, tetraploid, pentaploid, hexaploid, octaploid and decaploid H1 (ES) cells (2H1, 4H1, 5H1, 6H1, 8H1 and 10H1 cells, respectively) were cultured for about 460 days in L15F10 medium without leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF). The cells cultured under LIF‐free conditions were denoted as 2H1(?), 4H1(?), 5H1(?), 6H1(?), 8H1(?) and 10H1(?) cells, respectively. Pluripotency and gene expression were examined. Results: Ploidy alteration of H1(?) cells was similar to that of H1 cells. The polyploid H1(?) cells showed positive activity of alkaline phosphatase, suggesting that they maintained pluripotency in vitro without LIF. The polyploid H1(?) cells formed teratocarcinomas in mouse abdomen, suggesting they could differentiate in mouse abdomen in vivo. 2H1, 4H1 and polyploid H1(?) cells expressed nanog, oct3/4 and sox2 genes, suggesting that they fulfilled the criteria of ES cells. Nanog gene was significantly over‐expressed in 4H1 and polyploid H1(?) cells, suggesting that overexpression of nanog gene was a characteristic of polyploid H1 cells. Conclusion: Polyploid H1 (ES) cells retained pluripotency in vitro, without LIF with nanog over‐expression.     

Conversion of (−)-Carvotanacetone and (+)-Carvotanacetone by Pseudomonas ovalis,Strain 6–1

As a part of series on the biochemical reduction of terpenes, the conversion of (?)-carvotanacetone (I) and (+)-carvotanacetone (II) by Pseudomonas ovalis, strain 6–1, has been studied.

By the action of the microorganism, I was reduced to give (+)-carvomenthone (III), (+)-neocarvomenthol (IV), and (?)-carvomenthol (V), whereas II was also reduced to (?)-isocarvomenthone (VI), (?)-carvomenthone (VII), (?)-isocarvomenthol (VIII), and (?)-neoisocarvomenthol (IX); of which III, VI and IX are the major products.

The metabolic pathways of I and II and mechanism of stereospecific hydrogenation are also discussed.     

2010 Reviewers for Biotechnic & Histochemistry

Pancreatic cancer is characterized by aggressive growth and resistance to treatment. Identification of unique biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis is important for treatment of this disease. We investigated the expression patterns of mucin 1 (MUC1), mucin 2 (MUC2) and cytokeratin 17 (CK17) in both normal tissues and metastatic adenocarcinomas using immunohistochemistry (IHC). We have shown that MUC1 (pan-epithelial membrane mucin), MUC2 (intestinal-type secretory mucin) and CK17 can be used as a panel of markers to distinguish collectively pancreatobiliary carcinoma from other primary site carcinomas. Tumors originating in the pancreatobiliary system showed an expression pattern of MUC1 (+), MUC2 (?) and CK17 (+). By contrast, tumors arising from the colorectal region were MUC1 (?), MUC2 (+) and CK17 (?), while tumors originating from non-pancreatobiliary system tissue expressed a MUC1 (+), MUC2 (?) and CK17 (?) profile. More importantly, the MUC1 (+), MUC2 (?) and CK17 (+) result showed greater sensitivity than CA19-9 by IHC, which is the currently accepted and widely used pancreatic tumor marker for diagnosing pancreatic cancer. Thirteen of 51 cases (25%) of pancreatobiliary adenocarcinomas with the pattern MUC1 (+), MUC2 (?) and CK17 (+) showed no immunoreactivity for CA19-9, while 34/51 (67%) cases having MUC1 (+), MUC2 (?) and CK17 (+) were correlated with positive CA19-9 staining. Our data support using an antibody panel of MUC1, MUC2 and CK17 to enhance current methods for pancreatic cancer diagnosis by identifying specifically the primary tissue of origin.