Secreted proteins of quiescent,serum-stimulated and over-confluent mouse embryo fibroblasts

Quiescent and proliferating cultures of Swiss mouse embryo fibroblasts were pulse labelled with [¹⁴C]-amino acids and the newly synthesized proteins that were secreted into the medium were resolved by electrophoresis on Polyacrylafde gradient gels. Conditioned media obtained from quiescent cultures that were stimulated to grow by the addition of 20% fetal calf serum showed the presence of two unique polypeptides of molecular weights 48000 and 26000. A polypeptide of molecular weight 45000 was present in increased amounts in serum-stimulated cells than in quiescent cells. This protein was also superinduced in quiescent cells by cycloheximide treatment. Mouse embryo fibroblasts grown under over-crowded conditions secreted two proteins of molecular weights 35000 and 11000. The 35 K polypeptide was shown to be related to the major excreted protein of transformed cells, since it was immunoprecipitated by an antiserum to major excreted protein. These results indicate that the 48 K and 26 K proteins may be proliferation specific proteins, while the 35 K protein present in the conditioned media of over-confluent cells may be a marker of morphological transformation.     

条形码微流控芯片在分泌蛋白检测方面的应用

微流控芯片具有液体流动可控、消耗试样少、分析速度快等特点,它可以在几分钟甚至更短的时间内进行上百个样品的同时分析,并且可以实现在线样品的预处理及分析全过程。一种条形码微流控芯片能够以高密度的单链DNA为模板,从而克服了传统蛋白质微流控芯片固定在固体表面容易变性的缺点,既解决了稳定性的要求,又满足芯片平行处理大量数据的要求,可以用来大量的、快速的定量检测细胞的分泌蛋白。条形码微流控芯片因其对样品要求简单、低耗高效、高通量等特点正在成为分泌蛋白检测的最具吸引力的分析工具,在样品分析与检测以及临床检测研究等领域得到了广泛的应用。     

Effects of serum,cycloheximide and actinomycin D on protein secretion by quiescent mouse embryo fibroblasts

Quiescent secondary cultures of Swiss mouse embryo fibroblasts secrete several proteins in response to the addition of 20% fetal calf serum (FCS). Of these proteins, a polypeptide of molecular weigth (Mr) 48 000 (48 K) was identified in the medium within an hour of mitogenic stimuli. In the next hour an additional protein of Mr 26000 (26 K) appeared in the medium. These two proteins were absent in the conditioned medium of quiescent cells. A third protein of molecular weight 45,000 (45 K) was found in small quantities in the conditioned medium of quiescent cells but a 2–3 fold increase in the level of this protein was observed in the medium of stimulated cells. The level of the serum-induced 45 K protein was much higher in the medium of cells that were treated with cycloheximide (CH) and FCS than that found in the medium of cells treated with FCS alone. A 40000 dalton protein was found to be a quiescence specific protein which was observed in large amounts in the medium of quiescent cells; the level of this protein gradually declined in the conditioned medium as the cells entered into the proliferative phase. Actinomycin D specifically inhibited the level of the 45 K secreted protein and a 29 K intracellular protein when added along with CH. In contrast to the inhibition of the synthesis of mitogen induced proteins, actinomycin D super-induced the intracellular and extracellular levels of the matrix proteins fibronectin and procollagens.     

Secreted proteins of normal andmyc-ras oncogene transformed rat embryo fibroblasts

Quiescent cultures of rat embryo fibroblasts synthesize and secrete several proteins in response to mitogenic stimulation. Two of these proteins have been characterized in this study and the effect of oncogenic transformation on these proteins was monitored. A serum induced 48,000 protein was shown to be related to plasminogen activator inhibitor while another serum-induced protein ofM _r 45,000 was found to be an inhibitor of DNA synthesis. Transformation of rat embryo fibroblasts with oncogenesmyc andras resulted in drastic reduction in the level of these proteins. The reduced levels of protease inhibitor may be responsible for the loss of anchorage dependence of the transformed cells. The DNA synthesis inhibitor protein may act as a negative growth regulator and reduced levels of this protein inmyc-ras transformed cells may accelerate the proliferation of these cells.     

利用非经典分泌蛋白质实现脂肪酶A的分泌表达

【目的】以枯草芽孢杆菌脂肪酶A(Lipase A)为报告蛋白,尝试利用4种非经典分泌蛋白质及其前50个氨基酸作为分泌信号以实现其分泌表达。【方法】我们扩增了脂肪酶A的编码基因和非经典分泌蛋白质的编码序列,构建了8种针对脂肪酶A的分泌表达载体,并转化至枯草芽孢杆菌WB800菌株,通过测定重组菌株的酶活、利用蛋白质电泳和免疫印迹等技术检测脂肪酶A的分泌情况【结果】以Pdh A的氨基酸序列和Sod A、Eno的前50氨基酸序列作为分泌信号的重组菌株较好的实现了脂肪酶A的分泌表达。【结论】部分非经分泌蛋白质的编码基因或其前50个氨基酸序列能够引导脂肪酶A分泌至细胞外。     

粗糙脉孢菌基因组分泌蛋白的初步分析

文章报道利用信号肽预测软件SignalP v3.0和PSORT,跨膜螺旋结构预测软件TMHMMv2.0和THUMBUP,GPI-锚定位点预测软件big-PI Predictor和亚细胞器中蛋白定位分布预测软件TargetP v1.01对粗糙脉孢菌全基因组数据库中已公布的10 082个氨基酸序列进行预测分析。结果表明在粗糙脉孢菌中有437个蛋白为分泌蛋白,编码这些蛋白最小的可读框（open reading frame,ORF）为252 bp,最大为6 604 bp,平均1 433 bp,分泌蛋白信号肽长度介于15~59个氨基酸之间。在437个分泌蛋白中,205个具有功能描述,主要包括各种酶类、细胞能量生成、运转以及自身修复、防卫等多种功能。这些蛋白所参与的生化过程可能发生在膜外的周质空间或是菌体外的场所,为该物种营养的摄取,以及对环境做出响应服务。     

A method for the identification of proteins secreted by lactic acid bacteria grown in complex media

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are known for their special nutritional requirements, being usually cultured in complex media to achieve optimal growth. In this paper, a protocol based on trichloroacetic acid precipitation of peptides and proteins is presented. The method has been tested on four probiotic LAB strains grown in De Man Rogosa Sharpe (MRS) broth, a complex medium that is often used for the culture of such bacteria. This protocol allowed the detection of 19 proteins after sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, 10 of them being successfully identified by tandem MS. Thereafter, the 10 were found to be secreted or surface associated by bioinformatic means. In conclusion, this work supplies a method for the identification of proteins secreted by LAB, allowing discrimination between the proteins present in the MRS and those produced by probiotic LAB.     

马铃薯晚疫病菌全基因组分泌蛋白的初步分析

利用马铃薯晚疫病菌全基因组测序结果,结合计算机技术和生物信息学的方法,对马铃薯晚疫病菌的蛋白进行分析,为明确该病原菌与寄主互作的分子机制奠定基础。文章应用信号肽预测软件SignalP v3.0和PSORT,跨膜螺旋结构预测软件TMHMM-2.0和THUMBUP,GPI锚定位点预测软件big-PI Predictor,亚细胞器中蛋白定位分布预测软件TargetP v1.01,对已经公布的马铃薯晚疫病菌全基因组22 658个蛋白质氨基酸序列进行分析。结果发现,晚疫病菌全基因组编码蛋白中有671个为潜在的分泌型蛋白,占编码蛋白总数的3.0%。其中有45个分泌蛋白有功能方面的描述,其功能涉及细胞代谢、信号转导等方面;此外,还有一些与激发子类似的分泌蛋白,它们可能与晚疫病菌的毒性有关。     

The Effect of Various Stresses on the Expression of Genes Encoding the Secreted Proteins of the Cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803

The effects of various stresses (osmotic, salt, low-temperature, high-temperature, and high-light stress) on the amount of mRNA of eight genes encoding the secreted proteins of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 were studied. Osmotic stress (0.5 M sorbitol) reduced the amount of all mRNAs, with the exception of slr0924. Supposedly, this gene encodes Tic22, a polypeptide involved in the formation of the transport system for proteins crossing the internal thylakoid membrane on the way to the lumen. Salt stress (0.5 M NaCl) inhibited the expression of all genes for secreted proteins almost completely. Low temperature (20°C) did not affect the expression of the sll1891 gene of an unknown function and the slr0924 gene. The high temperature (44°C) suppressed the expression of all genes tested. A detailed study of the expression of the sll1694 (pilA1) gene, which encodes the main structural protein of cyanobacterial pili, pilin PilA1, demonstrated that virtually all stresses suppressed its expression. Thus, various stresses were shown to suppress the expression of most genes encoding Synechocystis secreted proteins.     

坚强芽胞杆菌主要分泌蛋白的鉴定及其分泌性序列

[目的]坚强芽胞杆菌是一种在自然界普遍存在的益生菌,在对虾养殖中应用较为广泛.为了研究其分泌性蛋白从而为分泌性载体的构建提供理论依据,本文对坚强芽胞杆菌的主要分泌蛋白进行质谱鉴定及分泌性序列的分析.[方法]从本实验室分离保存的1株来自对虾肠道的坚强芽胞杆菌(Bacillus firmus)培养液中获取了分泌性蛋白,进行SDS-PAGE,并对表达量较高的3条蛋白区带进行MALDI-TOF/TOF质谱鉴定及克隆测序,进行生物信息学分析.[结果]鉴定出的蛋白分别是坚强芽胞杆菌几丁质酶(chitinase)、坚强芽胞杆菌肠毒素A(enterotoxin A)和坚强芽胞杆菌BCG9842蛋白(hypothetical protein BCG9842).经在线软件SignaIP 3.0分析,确定chitinase、enterotoxin和BCG9842均存在不同的分泌性信号肽序列bf-43、bf-37和bf-16,通过在线软件PSORT分析表明,bf-43定位于细胞的外膜上,bf-37和bf-16定位于细胞的胞外.[结论]本研究鉴定出了坚强芽胞杆菌的3个主要分泌性蛋白,分析筛选出了3条分泌性序列,为分泌性载体的构建提供理论依据.     

Selection of Arabidopsis genes encoding secreted and plasma membrane proteins

Secreted and plasma membrane proteins play crucial roles in a variety of physiological and developmental processes of multicellular organisms. Systematic cloning of the genes encoding these proteins is therefore of general interest. An effective method of trapping signal sequences was first described by Tashiro et al. (1993), and a similar yet more efficient method was reported by Klein et al. (1996) and Jacobs et al. (1997). In this study, we carried out the latter yeast-based signal sequence trap to clone genes from Arabidopsis thaliana encoding secreted and plasma membrane proteins. Of 144 sequenced cDNA clones, 18% are identical to previously cloned Arabidopsis thaliana genes, 12% are homologous to genes identified from various organisms, and 46% are novel. All of the isolated genes identical or homologous to previously reported genes are either secreted or plasma membrane proteins, and the remaining novel genes appear to contain functional signal sequences based on computer-aided sequence analysis. The full-length cDNA clones of one homologous gene and another novel gene were isolated and sequenced. The deduced amino acid sequences suggest that the former encodes a secreted protein, and the latter encodes a type 1 membrane protein. These results indicate that the signal sequence trap method is effective and useful for the isolation of plant genes encoding secreted and plasma membrane proteins.