制革鞣制工艺在大型布氏鲸皮张处理中的应用

在测定组织结构和脂肪含量的基础上,利用现代制革鞣制工艺对大型布氏鲸的皮作了脱脂效果研究。结果表明,真皮厚15-35mm,厚度差2.3倍。除尾部含少量弹性纤维外,其他部位的真皮层仅有胶原纤维,其直径为1.08?0.25μm(n=180),排列疏松呈网状。脂肪充斥于胶原纤维之间,喉、胸、腹和尾部的含脂量分别为19.42%,29.36%,36.89%和13.06%,部位间差异极显著(P<0.01)。在不影响整体质量的情况下,将脱脂操作贯穿到整个皮张的鞣制工艺过程中。经切片和氯仿甲醇法验证,胸部和腹部真皮的含脂量下降至4.04%和5.57%,总的脱脂率达到了86.24%和84.90%,基本达到了标本制作的脱脂要求。     

瘦素诱导体外培养大鼠脂肪间充质干细胞凋亡

为观察瘦素诱导体外培养大鼠脂肪间充质干细胞凋亡的作用, 采用胶原酶消化法分离培养大鼠附睾脂肪垫间充质干细胞, 第3代细胞用于实验。细胞免疫荧光化学方法鉴定CD105、Vimentin表达阳性率约80%以上, 10-6 mol/L的瘦素作用细胞48 h、72 h后激光共聚焦显微镜观察分别可见早期及中晚期特征表现; 0 mol/L、10-8 mol/L、10-7 mol/L、10-6 mol/L瘦素分别作用于细胞48 h后, 应用AnnexinⅤ/PI双染色法流式细胞仪检测早期凋亡率分别为2.50%±0.72%、6.78%±1.99%、11.99%±1.58%、17.93%±4.82% (P<0.05); 随着瘦素浓度的增加和作用时间的延长, Caspase-3的活性逐渐增高, 至48 h时达到高峰。说明瘦素可以直接诱导脂肪间充质干细胞凋亡, 从数量上减少脂肪组织的含量。     

转人t-PA指形区缺失基因的山羊体细胞核移植及其继代核移植

为了探索转基因体细胞核经连续核移植后的发育潜力,以转人组织型纤溶酶原激活剂（t-PA）指形区缺失基因的山羊胎儿成纤维细胞为核供体, MII期的卵母细胞质为核受体,利用胞质内注射法构建原代核移胚胎(G0),并进行了原代核移植胚胎的继代核移植研究。比较原代和继代核移植胚胎在体外发育能力上的差异;在G1 、G2代核移植试验过程中,比较了供体胚胎细胞的发育阶段对核移植胚胎体外发育的影响。结果表明,原代核移植胚胎的卵裂率(76.45%±1.17%)与继代核移植胚胎的卵裂率(72.18%±1.97%,76.05%±2.38%,75.99%±2.84%)无显著性差异(P>0.05)。但原代核移植胚胎的桑葚胚率(47.20%±2.93%)、囊胚率(11.00%±1.42%)显著高于G₁、G₂、G₃代核核移植胚胎的桑葚胚率(34.99%±2.66%,28.23%±2.00%,23.34%±1.99%)、囊胚率(3.87%±0.67%,2.08%±1.66%,0);在G₁、G₂中,当用16-细胞期核移植胚胎作为核供体时的桑葚胚率(29.57%±1.53%, 24.43%±1.87%)、囊胚率(1.96%±1.31%, 2.01%±1.34%)低于用32～64-细胞时期的核移植胚胎的桑葚胚率(34.32%±1.31%, 29.76%±1.66%)、囊胚率(3.86%±1.03%, 3.48%±0.34%),但无显著性差异 (P>0.05)。由此得出结论：转基因体细胞核移植胚胎不宜进行多代克隆;胞质内注射法构建核移植胚胎,用32～64-细胞期的胚胎作为核供体构建的核移植胚胎的体外发育率高于用16-细胞期的胚胎作为核供体构建的核移植胚胎的体外发育率。     

骨髓间充质干细胞无血清培养

为建立一种化学成分明确的、能用于体外扩增骨髓间充质干细胞的无血清培养基, 且骨髓间充质干细胞经无血清培养扩增后仍能保持其多向分化的潜能。采用密度梯度离心结合贴壁法从1月龄新西兰大白兔股骨中分离骨髓间充质干细胞, 比较在含10%胎牛血清的培养基(SCM)和自制的化学成分明确的无血清培养基(CDSFM)中骨髓间充质干细胞的形态、增殖能力, 以及扩增后的骨髓间充质干细胞的细胞周期、集落形成能力和成骨、成脂肪分化能力。经过10 d的培养, 骨髓间充质干细胞在自制的无血清培养基中扩增了50倍, 在含10%胎牛血清的培养基中扩增了40倍。在无血清和有血清培养基中扩增后的细胞中G0/G1期比例分别为(80.31%±0.6%)和(75.24%±4.0%), 两者无显著差异(P>0.05)。无血清培养扩增后的骨髓间充质干细胞集落形成率(12.7%±4.0%)低于有血清培养组(28.7%±4.2%), 两者比较差异显著(P<0.01)。经过无血清培养扩增的骨髓间充质干细胞在成骨、成脂肪诱导分化培养基中能够分化成成骨和脂肪细胞。自制的化学成分明确的无血清培养基能够在体外培养扩增骨髓间充质干细胞, 并且维持其干细胞特性, 可以用于细胞治疗以及生物医学研究。     

苦皮藤素IV麻醉机理的膜片钳研究

用膜片钳技术研究了植物杀虫剂苦皮藤素Ⅳ对棉铃虫幼虫离体培养中枢神经细胞钠通道门控过程的影响。结果表明,苦皮藤素Ⅳ对钠通道具有迅速的浓度依赖性阻滞作用,使电流-电压关系(I-V)曲线上移。0.1、1和10μmol/L苦皮藤素Ⅳ作用3min后,分别使钠电流峰值(INaMax)较给药前下降27.35%±4.05%、62.72%±2.81%和88.53%±5.56%(P<0.05),1和10μmol/L苦皮藤素Ⅳ还使钠通道的激活电压和峰电压分别向正电位方向移动了10mV和20mV左右。同时比较研究了利多卡因对棉铃虫幼虫神经细胞钠通道的影响,利多卡因对钠通道也具有阻滞作用,但有效作用浓度明显高于苦皮藤素Ⅳ。1、70mmol/L的利多卡因注射液作用3min后,使INaMax较用药前下降21.21%±2.52%和95.63%±2.10%(P<0.05)。苦皮藤素Ⅳ对钠通道门控过程的影响与利多卡因等局部麻醉剂非常相似,因此,对钠通道的阻滞作用可能是其发挥麻醉作用的重要机制。     

苦皮藤素Ⅳ麻醉机理的膜片钳研究

用膜片钳技术研究了植物杀虫剂苦皮藤素Ⅳ对棉铃虫幼虫离体培养中枢神经细胞钠通道门控过程的影响.结果表明,苦皮藤素Ⅳ对钠通道具有迅速的浓度依赖性阻滞作用,使电流-电压关系(I-V)曲线上移.0.1、1和10 μmol/L苦皮藤素Ⅳ作用3 min后,分别使钠电流峰值(INaMax)较给药前下降2735%±4.05%、62.72%±2.81%和88.53%±5.56%(P＜0.05),1和10μmol/L苦皮藤素Ⅳ还使钠通道的激活电压和峰电压分别向正电位方向移动了10 mV和20 mV左右.同时比较研究了利多卡因对棉铃虫幼虫神经细胞钠通道的影响,利多卡因对钠通道也具有阻滞作用,但有效作用浓度明显高于苦皮藤素Ⅳ.1、70 mmol/L的利多卡因注射液作用3 min后,使INaMax较用药前下降21.21%±2.52%和95.63%±2.10%(P＜0.05).苦皮藤素Ⅳ对钠通道门控过程的影响与利多卡因等局部麻醉剂非常相似,因此,对钠通道的阻滞作用可能是其发挥麻醉作用的重要机制.     

双色荧光原位杂交检测苯系物暴露工人精子9、18号染色体数目畸变

为研究苯系物暴露工人精子常染色体数目畸变.用地高辛标记的9号染色体探针(D9Zl)和生物素标记的18号染色体探针(D18Z1)进行双色荧光原位杂交,测定精子9、18号染色体非整倍体率.车间空气苯时间加权平均浓度(TWA)为86.49mg/m3,高于国家卫生标准1倍,苯暴露工人尿粘糠酸(ttMA)显著高于对照组.共计数14名暴露工人136401条精子,16名对照工人156955条精子.暴露组9、18染色体双体精子率(分别为0.168%±0.063%、0.055%±0.031%)和二倍体精子率(0.073%±0.045%)均高于对照组相应数值(分别为0.050%±0.030%、0.033%±0.025%和0.040%±0.036%);暴露组9、18号染色体缺体率(分别为0.206%±0.047%,0.068%±0.044%)高于对照组值(0.067%±0.037%、0.048%±0.034%).总数目畸变率(0.570%±0.144%)亦高于对照组值(0.218%±0.071%).实验表明接触较高浓度苯可引起长期暴露者精子常染色体非整倍体率增高.     

蛋白聚糖和溶血磷脂酸对不同细胞周期心脏成纤维细胞生长的影响

本文研究了蛋白聚糖（pG和）和溶血磷酸（LGA）对培养的处于不同细胞周期的SD乳鼠心脏成纤维细胞生长的影响及PG对LPA生物学活性的调节食用。采用流式细胞术测定细胞所处的周期;3H-TdR参人法测定细胞的DNA合成。研究结果表明（1）培养至次融汇状态的乳鼠心脏成纤维细胞经低血清（0.4%FBS）饥饿培养48小时,G0/G1期细胞占88.5%;G0/G1期细胞经2%FBS刺激24小时,G2期细胞占91。7%。（2）PGs对G0/G1期和G2期的心脏成纤维细胞的DNA合成均有摄制作用。2.94-47.04μg/ml PGs对G0/G1期细胞DNA合成的摄制率为80%-93%对G2期的抑制率为13%-94%.(3)1-80μmol/L范围内,LPA以浓度依赖方式促进不同细胞周期的心脏成纤维细胞DNA合成增加,50μmol/L LPA诱导G0/G1期和G2期细胞DNA合成的增加分别为78%±和122%±21%。（4）10μmol/L LPA存在下,2.94%-47.04μg/ml PGs使G0/G1期细胞和G2期细胞的DNA合成分别下降为对照的36%±11%-15%±10%和91%±13%-3%±1%,说明PGs可以抑制LPA诱导的心脏成纤维细胞DNA合成.上述研究结果提示PGs和LPA对乳鼠心脏成纤维细胞G1期至S期的转换有重要的调节作用,并可能通过调节心脏成纤维细胞的生长影响心肌肥厚的形成和发展.     

多色荧光原位杂交检测苯系物接触工人精子1,18号染色体畸变率

为研究苯系物暴露对工人精子染色体的损伤 ,用 4条DNA探针与间期精子核染色体进行多色荧光原位杂交 ,同时检测精子 1号、18号染色体数目畸变和 1号染色体结构畸变 (末端缺失与重复 )。作业车间空气中苯的时间加权浓度 (TWA)为 4 2 2 9mg m3,高于国家卫生标准 (6mg m3)。暴露组工人尿粘糠酸 (ttMA)高于对照组。共计数15例暴露组工人 14 4 2 82条精子 ,14例对照组工人 135 937条精子 ,杂交效率为 99 85 %。非整倍体测定结果 :暴露组精子 1号、18号染色体双体率 (分别为 0 0 88%± 0 0 4 1% ,0 0 87%± 0 0 4 9% )显著高于对照组 1号、18号双体率(0 0 4 5 %± 0 0 2 4 % ,0 0 5 3%± 0 0 2 8% ) ;暴露组 1号、18号染色体缺体率分别为 (0 11%± 0 0 5 9% ,0 0 75 %±0 0 35 % )显著高于对照组相应数值 (0 0 4 8%± 0 0 18% ,0 0 4 5 %± 0 0 2 4 % ) ;而二倍体精子率 ,两组差别无显著性。结构畸变测定结果 :暴露组 1号染色体的末端重复率、末端缺失率 (分别为 0 16 %± 0 0 37% ,0 14 %± 0 0 5 3% )显著高于对照组数值 (分别为 0 0 82 %± 0 0 2 3% ,0 0 6 9%± 0 0 2 8% ) ;暴露组 1号染色体着丝粒重复率及着丝粒缺失率(0 10 %± 0 0 35 % ,0 10 %± 0 0 4 1% )显著性高于对     

连翘的二型花柱

报道了连翘中的二型花柱(长花柱和短花柱)。长花柱的柱头和雄蕊高度分别为6.12±0.05 mm和2.35±0.04mm,短花柱则为2.23±0.04mm和6.02±0.06mm。短花柱花的花冠大小明显超过长花柱。开放授粉条件下,长短花柱花的座果率分别为9.11 %±0.04%和8.93 %±0.07%。人工异交的座果率在长-短(36.8%±0.04%)与短-长(36.2%±0.07%)组合间无明显差异(F(1,39)=1 .38,P=0.14)。人工异交实验表明,传粉者限制可能发生在生长于中国东北部的人工连翘种群中,这可能是因为该地区早春的低温和多风气候条件影响传粉者的种类和活动。     

Plant-Parasitic Nematodes of South Viet Nam

Between 1974 and 1978, 2,842 identifications of plant-parasitic nematodes were made from more than 1,700 soil and plant samples collected in eight provinces of South Viet Nam. Species in nine genera—Helicotylenchus, Criconemoides, Meloidogyne, Pratylenchus, Tylenchorhynchus, Hoplolaimus, Hirschmanniella, Xiphinema, and Rotylenchulus—comprised 96.1% of the identifications; the remaining 3.9% were species of 11 genera. Fourteen genera were associated with rice which was grown on about 2,500,000 ha in 1970. Of these, Ditylenchus, Hirschmanniella, and Meloidogyne were most important. Ditylenchus angustus caused severe damage to about 50,000 ha of flooded rice in the Mekong Delta in 1976. Hirschmanniella spp. were found in all samples examined from flooded rice fields. Meloidogyne spp. were common in rice seedbeds, upland rice, and rice not kept flooded continuously. Meloidogyne and Pratylenchus spp. were found in roots of 22 of the 32 crop plants sampled. Little or no attempt was made in South Viet Nam to control nematodes.     

Study of types of some species of "Filaria" (Nematoda) parasites of small mammals described by Von Linstow and Molin

Parasitic nematodes from the Berlin (ZMB) and Vienna (NMW) Museum collections referred to the genus Filaria Mueller, 1787 by von Linstow or Molin were studied. Three samples were in good condition and the specimens redescribed. Litomosa hepatica (von Linstow, 1897) n. comb., sample ZMB Vermes Entozoa 3368, from the megachiropteran Pteropus neohibernicus, Bismarck Archipelago, resembles L. maki Tibayrenc, Bain & Ramanchandran, 1979, from Pteropus vampyrus, in Malaysia, but the buccal capsule differs. Both species display particular morphological characters which differ from species of Litomosa parasitic in microchiropterans. The remaining material originates from Brazil. The spicule morphology of Litomosoides circularis (von Linstow, 1899) Chandler, 1931, sample ZMB Vermes Entozoa 1059 from Hesperomys spec. (= Holochilus brasiliensis), Porto Alegre, confirms that it belongs to the sigmodontis group; the microfilaria presents characters of the genus Litomosoides, e.g. body attenuated at both extremities and salient cephalic hook. Taxonomic discussions by others confirm that species of Litomosoides belonging to the sigmodontis group and described subsequently are distinct from L. circularis. Litomosoides serpicula (Molin, 1858) Guerrero, Martin, Gardner & Bain, 2002, is redescribed, sample NMW 6323 from the bat Phyllostoma spiculatum (= Sturnira lilium), Ypanema. It is very close to L. brasiliensis Almeida, 1936, type host Moytis sp., but distinguished by a single ring in the buccal capsule, rather than two, supporting previous conclusions that the taxon L. brasiliensis, as generally regarded, may represent a complex of species. Samples NMW 6322 and NMW 6324, from other bats and also identified by Molin (1858) as Filaria serpicula, contain unidentifiable fragments of Litomosoides incertae sedis. Filaria hyalina von Linstow, 1890, sample ZMB Vermes Entozoa Q 3905 from Sorer vulgaris (= Sorex araneus), is incertae sedis because it contains two unidentifiable posterior parts of male, which might be an acuarid, Stammerinema sp. Filaria vesperuginis von Linstow, 1885, sample ZMB Vermes Entozoa Q 3929, from the bat Vesperugo serotinus (= Eptesicus serotinus), contains encysted nematode larvae and is a nomen dubium.     

Fate map of the distal portion of Drosophila proboscis as inferred from the expression and mutations of basic patterning genes

The late-third-instar labial disc is comprised of two disc-proper cell layers, one representing mainly the ventral half of the anterior compartment (L-layer) and the other, the dorsal half of the anterior compartment and most, if not all, of the posterior compartment (M-layer). In the L-layer, Distal-less represses homothorax whereas no Distal-less-dependent homothorax repression occurs in the M-layer where Distal-less is coexpressed with homothorax. In wild-type labial discs, clawless, one of the two homeobox genes expressed in distal cells receiving maximum (Decapentaplegic+Wingless) signaling activity in leg and antennal discs, is specifically repressed by proboscipedia. A fate map, inferred from data on basic patterning gene expression in larval and pupal stages and mutant phenotypes, indicates the inner surface of the labial palpus, which includes the pseudotracheal region, to be a derivative of the distal portion of the M-layer expressing wingless, patched, Distal-less and homothorax. The outer surface of the labial palpus with more than 30 taste bristles derives from an L-layer area consisting of dorsal portions of the anterior and posterior compartments, each expressing Distal-less. Our analysis also indicates that, in adults and pupae, the anterior-posterior boundary, dividing roughly equally the outer surface of the distiproboscis, runs along the outer circumference of the inner surface of distiproboscis.     

Multilocus phylogenetic analysis of the genus Aeromonas

A broad multilocus phylogenetic analysis (MLPA) of the representative diversity of a genus offers the opportunity to incorporate concatenated inter-species phylogenies into bacterial systematics. Recent analyses based on single housekeeping genes have provided coherent phylogenies of Aeromonas. However, to date, a multi-gene phylogenetic analysis has never been tackled. In the present study, the intra- and inter-species phylogenetic relationships of 115 strains representing all Aeromonas species described to date were investigated by MLPA. The study included the independent analysis of seven single gene fragments (gyrB, rpoD, recA, dnaJ, gyrA, dnaX, and atpD), and the tree resulting from the concatenated 4705 bp sequence. The phylogenies obtained were consistent with each other, and clustering agreed with the Aeromonas taxonomy recognized to date. The highest clustering robustness was found for the concatenated tree (i.e. all Aeromonas species split into 100% bootstrap clusters). Both possible chronometric distortions and poor resolution encountered when using single-gene analysis were buffered in the concatenated MLPA tree. However, reliable phylogenetic species delineation required an MLPA including several “bona fide” strains representing all described species.     

Microbial transformation of zaluzanin-D

Microbial transformation of zaluzanin-D using different fungi gave 11,13-dihydrozaluzanin-C, zaluzanin-C, 4,16,11,13 - tetrahydro zaluzanin-C, estafiatone, dihydroestafiatol and dihydroestafiatone.     

Unification of the genera Nonlabens, Persicivirga, Sandarakinotalea and Stenothermobacter into a single emended genus, Nonlabens, and description of Nonlabens agnitus sp. nov

Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that a bacterial isolate, designated JC2678(T), represents a distinct phyletic line within the suprageneric monophyletic clade containing the genera Nonlabens, Persicivirga, Stenothermobacter and Sandarakinotalea. The polyphasic data presented in this study demonstrated that the members belonging to the Nonlabens-like clade overall constitute a single genus. Therefore, it is proposed to transfer the members of genera Persicivirga O'Sullivan et al. 2006, Stenothermobacter Lau et al. 2006 and Sandarakinotalea Khan et al. 2006 to the genus Nonlabens Lau et al. 2005. Thus, P. dokdonensis (Yoon et al. 2006) Nedashkovskaya et al. 2009, P. ulvanivorans Barbeyron et al. 2010, P. xylanidelens O'Sullivan et al. 2006, Sandarakinotalea sediminis Khan et al. 2006 and Stenothermobacter spongiae Lau et al. 2006 should be transferred to Nonlabens dokdonensis comb. nov., Nonlabens ulvanivorans comb. nov., Nonlabens xylanidelens comb. nov., Nonlabens sediminis comb. nov. and Nonlabens spongiae comb. nov., respectively. In addition, strain JC2678(T) (=KACC 14155(T)=JCM 17109(T)) is proposed to constitute a novel species belonging to the genus Nonlabens with the name of Nonlabens agnitus sp. nov.