Evaluation of Superoxide Scavenging Activities of Hamamelis Extract and Hamamelitannin

Hamamelitannin, which is a component of bark extract of hamamelis (Hamamelis virginior L.), was found to be a potent scavenger of superoxide anion radicals. Superoxide anion scavenging activity of the compound was evaluated by ESR-spin trap method using DMPO (5,5′-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide) as a spin trapping agent. The IC₅₀ value (the concentration producing 50% inhibition of superoxide anion radicals) of hamamelitannin was found to be 1.38 ± 0.06 μM much lower than that of ascorbic acid (23.31 ± 2.23 μM). Supporting the superoxide scavenging activity of hamamelitannin, the compound showed both suppresive ability against depolymelization of hyaluronic acid and protective ability against cytotoxicity induced by superoxide anion radicals. Hamamelitannin increased the survival rate of fibroblast to 85.5 ± 3.3%, compared with that of control (27.2 ± 4.3%).     

Radical and Superoxide Scavenging Activities of Matairesinol and Oxidized Matairesinol

The radical and superoxide scavenging activities of oxidized matairesinols were examined. It could be assumed that the free benzylic position was important for higher radical scavenging activity. The different level of activity was observed between 7′-oxomatairesinol (Mat 2) and 7-oxomatairesinol (Mat 3). The activity of 8-hydroxymatairesinol was lower than that of matairesinol (Mat 1). The superoxide scavenging activity of the oxidized matairesinols was also demonstrated for the first time. It is assumed that the pKa value of phenol in the oxidized matairesinols affected this activity.     

Evaluation of Superoxide Scavenging Activity of OPC-14117 By Electron Spin Resonance Technique

OPC-14117 is a potent drug which has both brain function activating effect and protective effect against cerebral ischemia. Occurrences of these effects might be expected due to superoxide dismutase-like activity of OPC-14117. The present study has been conducted to evaluate the active oxygen scavenging activity of OPC-14117 and to explain the mechanisms of its pharmacological activities. The reaction of OPC-14117 and superoxide anion. generated in potassium superoxide, was examined by electron spin resonance technique at both liquid nitrogen (77 K) and room (22°C) temperatures. OPC-14117 showed a higher superoxide scavenging activity than that of α-tocopherol in an aprotic solvent system. The active moiety of OPC-14117 to provide the scavenging effect was found due to the phenolic hydroxyl group of its indan skeleton.     

Scavenging of Superoxide Anion by Phosphorylethanolamine: Studies in Human Neutrophils and in a Cell Free System

On the basis of previous observations, we attempted to characterize the effects of various products of phospholipid hydrolysis on neutrophil (PMN) respiratory burst activity. We studied the effects of phos- phorylcholine (PC) and phosphorylethanoline (PE) on superoxide anion production in PMN and in a cell free system. We found that PE but not PC inhibited measured superoxide anion, but that this was not due to inhibition of cellular superoxide generation but to scavenging of generated superoxide anion. Further, utilizing a system based upon the photo-oxidation of O-dianisidine sensitized by riboflavin, we were able to determine that the scavenging effect of PE was not superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like but rather a general scavenging or glutathione (GSH)-like effect. These data underscore the importance of identifying the mechanism of inhibition of superoxide generation by putative inhibitors as being due to a direct cellular effect or to a scavenging property.     

Scavenging Effect of Various Tea Extracts on Superoxide Derived from the Metabolism of Mutagens

We determine the superoxide formed in the self-degradation of mutagens activated by cytochrome enzymes and evaluated the scavenging effect of various tea extracts. Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) and 2-amino-6-methyldipyrido(1,2-a:3′,2′-d)imidazole (Glu-P-1) each produced a large amount of superoxide after activation by cytochrome enzymes. However, 2-amino-3-methyl-imidazo(4,5-f)quinoline (IQ), 3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyridol(4,3-b)indole (Trp-P-1) and alfatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) failed to generate a significant amount of superoxide. The addition of a tea extract to the reaction system marked inhibited the derivation of superoxide from Glu-P-1. However, the tea extracts showed weaker inhibition of the B[a]P-mediated formation of superoxide. Among the four teas tested, the oolong tea extract tended to exhibit the strongest inhibitory effect. Our results suggest that the chemopreventive efficacy of a tea extract is partly associated with its antioxidative activity.     

Superoxide scavenging activity of BG-104 before and after sonication-determined by ESR spin trapping method

BG-104 is a compound of Chinese herbs which were treated with infrared ray-heating and brewed with microorganisms resulting in activation of actual principles contained in the herbs, and its effectiveness has been reported on various inflammatory disorders such as Behcet's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, bacterial infections and so on. In addition, it is noted as an effective agent to retard cancer progress. This report shows a superoxide scavenging activity of BG-104 using an ESR spin trapping method. For the measurement of superoxide scavenging activity, recombinant human superoxide dismutase is used as a standard. Superoxide scavenging activity of BG-104 increases in a dose-dependent manner and activity is significantly augmented by its sonication.     

Superoxide anion radical scavenging property of catecholamines

The direct effect of the four catecholamines (adrenaline, noradrenaline, dopamine and isoproterenol) on superoxide anion radicals () was investigated. The reaction between 18‐crown‐6‐ether and potassium superoxide in dimethylsulfoxide was used as a source of . The reactivity of catecholamines with was examined using chemiluminescence, reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium and electron paramagnetic resonance spin‐trapping techniques. 5,5‐Dimethyl‐1‐pyrroline‐N‐oxide was included as the spin trap. The results showed that the four catecholamines were effective and efficient in inhibiting chemiluminescence accompanying the potassium superoxide/18‐crown‐6‐ether system in a dose‐dependent manner over the range 0.05–2 mm in the following order: adrenaline > noradrenaline > dopamine > isoproterenol, with, IC₅₀ = 0.15 ± 0.02 mm 0.21 ± 0.03 mm , 0.27 ± 0.03 mm and 0.50 ± 0.04 mm , respectively. The catecholamines examined also exhibited a strong scavenging effect towards when evaluated this property by the inhibition of nitroblue tetrazolium reduction (56–73% at 1 m concentration). A very similar capacity of scavenging was monitored in the 5,5‐dimethyl‐1‐pyrroline‐N‐oxide spin‐trapping assay. The results suggest that catecholamines tested may involve a direct effect on scavenging radicals. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

榆耳深层发酵浸膏醇提物的抗氧化活性研究

将榆耳深层发酵浸膏95%乙醇提取物过大孔树脂柱,以体积分数为10%、30%、50%的乙醇进行梯度洗脱,回收洗脱液后得3个组分,即A1、A2、A3;另将A1、A2、A3进行正丁醇萃取后得到相应的3个组分B1,B2,B3。对6个组分的抗氧化活性进行了比较研究,结果表明均具有抗氧化活性,其中A2、B3组分的还原能力较强,分别为0.215,0.218;A1组分对超氧阴离子和羟基自由基的清除效果较好,清除率分别为13.0%、79.3%。     

芥子碱硫氰酸盐清除超氧阴离子自由基作用的研究

目的:研究芥子碱硫氰酸盐清除超氧阴离子自由基的作用。方法:用化学发光法测定芥子碱硫氰酸盐清除超氧阴离子自由基的能力,并以抗坏血酸的清除能力做为对照,以IC50值(清除率为50%时的浓度值)作为评价指标。结果:芥子碱硫氰酸盐和抗坏血酸的IC50值分别为0.135 mmol/L和18.74 mmol/L,后者的IC50值约为前者的140倍。结论:芥子碱硫氰酸盐具有良好的抗氧化作用,可以作为天然抗氧化剂进行开发。     

超氧化物歧化酶模拟化合物的生物活性研究

根据天然超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性部位结构合成了含苯并咪唑的5种配体及其32种分别含Cu（Ⅱ）、Fe（Ⅲ）、Mn（Ⅱ）、Co（Ⅱ）的模拟化合物.经光谱、电化学测试证明这些化合物具有拟S3D活性,其50％抑制率浓度（IC50）为10-6～10-8mol·L-1,催化超氧离子自由基（O-·2）歧化的反应速率常数kq为106～108mol-1·L·s-1.同时观察到几种模拟化合物有抗肿瘤活性或增强水稻抗寒性.     

Fluorescence Detection of Free Radicals by Nitroxide Scavenging

The fluorescence quantum yield of 4-(1-napthoyloxy)-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-l-oxyl (I) in acetonitrile and hexane is 55 and 30-fold lower, respectively, than those of diamagnetic analogs. Experiments described herein demonstrate that this property makes possible the fluorescence detection of radical scavenging reactions in which the paramagnetic nitroxide-substituted naphthalene is converted to a diamagnetic N-alkoxy derivative. 2-Cyanopropyl free radicals were generated by the thermal decomposition of azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) in cyclohexane or in acetonitrile containing 1. The fluorescence intensity of the sample increased proportionally to the decrease in its ESR signal intensity, indicating the conversion of the paramagnetic nitroxide to the diamagnetic product. The linear relationship between the increase in fluorescence intensity and decrease in ESR signal intensity shows that the changes in the fluorescence intensity can serve as a sensitive means for optically detecting radicals.     

林檎叶水提物及其不同极性组分的抑菌和清除自由基作用的研究

采用管碟法及体外抗氧化活性测试方法,以抑菌圈大小及对DPPH的半清除率浓度(IC50)为指标,评价林檎叶水提物及其不同极性组分(包括乙酸乙醑、正丁醇萃取物、及乙醇沉淀物和剩余组分)的抑菌及清除DP-PH自由基的能力.结果显示林檎叶乙酸乙酯组分对大肠杆菌、枯草杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、黑曲霉、毛霉、红酵母及啤酒酵母均有抑制作用;且对DPPH自由基的清除能力最强,且清除率和质量浓度之间存在剂量依赖的关系,IC50值为0.33 mg/mL.有望成为新型的天然防腐保鲜剂的原料.     

竹叶提取物的体外抑菌及抗氧化活性的研究

本文用水提取竹叶有效成分,将提取液浓缩至含生药量约1.0 g/mL,经醇沉后取清液浓缩,再经石油醚、三氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇分步萃取,得不同极性的各部分提取物。以金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌为供试菌,采用抑菌圈法(琼脂扩散法)和最低抑菌浓度(MIC)法测定其抑菌效果。结果显示,石油醚、三氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯部分均表现抑菌活性。各供试样对两种菌的抑菌圈直径达9.8～18.4 mm,最低抑菌浓度分别为1.25 mg/mL2,.50 mg/mL和5.00 mg/mL。最后采用亚硝基红盐-Co2+褪色法研究了竹叶提取物对.OH的清除作用,结果表明三氯甲烷和乙酸乙酯部分萃取物的抗氧化性明显优于水提物,其中乙酸乙酯部分萃取物的IC50值为1.06 mg/mL。     

沙棘果皮多糖清除氧自由基的活性研究

沙棘(Hippophae rhamnosides)果皮经80℃恒温水浴提取,乙醇沉淀得粗多糖.Sevag法去蛋白,经50%和70%乙醇分级,得3种级分沙棘多糖H1、H2和H3;以Fenton反应,即H2O2/Fe2 /水杨酸为·OH产生和检测体系;以邻苯三酚/EDTA/Tris-HCl为O2-.产生体系,对沙棘多糖H1、H2和H3进行抗氧自由基活性研究.结果表明,沙棘多糖对·OH和O2-.有较显著的清除能力.不同级分多糖H1、H2和H3浓度达200μg·mL-1时,对·OH的清除率分别为44.9%、49.0%和26.4%,抗O2-.活性分别为36.9%,15.4%和23.1%.多糖质量浓度增大时,两种自由基清除率增加,且呈量效关系.     

Superoxide Scavenging Activity of Spin-Labeled Nitrosourea and Triazene Derivatives

Superoxide scavenging activities (SSA) of newly synthesized spin-labeled nitrosourea and triazene derivatives, and their precursor nitroxides were investigated by the ESR/spin-trapping method using the spin trap 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO) and hypoxanthine/xanthine oxidase as the superoxide-generating system. The spin-labeled nitrosoureas, triazenes and their precursor nitroxides exhibited excellent SSA, whereas clinically used nitrosourea and triazene, which do not contain the nitroxide moiety, did not show any SSA. Furthermore, it was deduced that these nitroxides scavenge superoxide by redox cycling between nitroxide and corresponding hydroxylamine.     

芦丁-锗配合物及其自由基清除活性研究

芦丁是存在于多种植物中的天然多羟基黄酮苷,能与多种金属离子形成配合物。本文采用紫外分光度法考察了芦丁与锗离子的配位作用,并研究了芦丁-锗配合物清除超氧自由基和DPPH自由基的作用。结果显示在KH2PO4-NaOH(pH6．70)的缓冲液中,芦丁与锗离子能形成1：1的配合物,其K稳=10^7.46,同时配合物显示有较好的自由基清除活性。     

Antioxidant Activities of Aqueous Extract from Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb and Its Fractions

Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb is used as the tonic for asthenia and fatigue in China. Considering that the energizing effect might be correlated with antioxidant properties, we investigated the antioxidant activities of aqueous extract (AE) from Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb by assessing radical‐scavenging and anti‐lipid‐peroxidation abilities. We found that AE shows a moderate antioxidant activity to scavenge DPPH^., O , and ^.OH and inhibit β‐carotene bleaching with IC₅₀ values of 13.0, 33.2, 351, and 11.9 μg/ml, respectively, while its AcOEt‐soluble fraction (ESF) and BuOH soluble fraction (BSF) exhibit remarkable efficiencies. The ESF's IC₅₀ values of scavenging DPPH^., O , and ^.OH, and inhibiting β‐carotene bleaching are 5.6, 5.8, 171, and 7.6 μg/ml, respectively, and those of BSF are 7.5, 8.4, 82.0, and 6.2 μg/ml, respectively. In addition, we found that there is a significant correlation between total phenol content and the antioxidant activity determined by O and ^.OH scavenging, and β‐carotene‐bleaching assays. Furthermore, HPLC analysis revealed the presence of quercetin, hyperoside, quercitrin, taxifoliol, luteolin‐7‐O‐β‐D ‐glucopyranoside, and rutin in Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb . Thus, we suggest that the extracts from Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb , could be considered as natural antioxidant sources and dietary nutritional supplements to prevent oxidation‐related diseases.     

Scavenging effects of phenolic compounds on reactive oxygen species

Phenolic compounds are widely present in plants and they have received considerable attention due to their antioxidant property. In this article we report the results of a study of the reactivity of 10 selected phenolics (sesamol, three phenolic acids, three flavonols, one flavone, and two flavanones) with superoxide anion radical (O(2) (*)), hydroxyl radical (HO(*)) and singlet oxygen ((1)O(2)). The following generators of reactive oxygen species were used: 18-crown-6/KO(2)/dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) or hypoxanthine/xanthine oxidase as sources of O(2) (*), the Fenton reaction carried out in a sodium trifluoroacetate (pH 6.15) for HO(*), and a mixture of alkaline aqueous H(2)O(2) and cobalt ions for (1)O(2). We have employed chemiluminescence, electron spin resonance spin trapping, and spectrophotometry techniques to examine an antioxidative property. All tested compounds acted as scavengers of various reactive oxygen species. The reactivity indexes (beta) for the reaction of the phenolic compounds with HO(*) were calculated.     

Chemiluminescence investigations of antioxidative activities of some antibiotics against superoxide anion radical

A chemiluminescent technique was applied to determine antioxidative activities of adriamycin, farmorubicin, mitomycin C and bleomycin against superoxide anion radical (O₂^?) in aprotic medium. The antioxidant capacity was expressed as the decrease in light emission from the O₂^? solution by and antibiotic. A KO₂ solution in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) and 18‐crown‐6 ether were used for the generation of O₂^?. The results showed that the examined compounds decreased the chemiluminescence (CL) sum from the O₂^?‐generating system in a dose‐dependent manner. Among the antibiotics examined, adriamycin, farmorubicin and bleomycin exhibited antioxidant activity almost comparable to that of 1,2‐dihydroxy benzene‐3,5‐disulphonic acid (tiron), an efficient of the O₂^? inhibitor. Mitomycin C was two‐times less effective as tiron in decreasing the initial CL intensity. The proposed assay with usage of ultraweak CL technique and the KO₂–DMSO–crown ether system was useful for the evaluation of antioxidant activity in aprotic solvents. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

红花寄生叶3种溶剂提取物清除自由基活性

采用4种方法测定了红花寄生(寄主桑树)叶的水、80%甲醇和80%丙酮提取物对自由基的清除活性,以芦丁和BHT为对照品。结果表明,3种提取物均具有较强的自由基清除能力,且表现出不同程度的量效依赖关系;在3种溶剂提取物中,80%甲醇提取物清除.OH和O2-.活性最强,半清除率浓度ρ(SC50)分别为0.212、0.139 mg/mL,而80%丙酮提取物则清除DPPH.和ABTS.+活性最强,ρ(SC50)分别为0.198、0.580 mg/mL。此外,3种溶剂提取物经酸水解后,HPLC均检出槲皮素和山奈酚等2种黄酮醇苷元,其含量范围分别为39.90～73.03 mg/g、4.82～9.19 mg/g间。可见,槲皮素及其苷类衍生物是红花寄生清除自由基活性的主要作用成分。