共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
湿地植物凋落物的分解对维持湿地生态系统结构和功能稳定具有重要作用。为探究湿地植物凋落物分解动态及养分释放规律,以芦苇(Phragmites australis Trin. ex Steud)、南荻(Triarrhena lutarioriparia L. Liu ex Renvoize & S. L. Chen)和菰(Zizania latifolia Stapf)3种常见挺水植物为研究对象,模拟受控实验,研究单一物种及两两混合物种分解过程中的分解速率、碳氮磷元素的含量及其比例的变化。结果显示,无论是单一物种还是混合物种,均呈现出前5 d分解最为迅速,随即分解速率急剧下降,而后缓慢降低直至趋于稳定的变化规律。分解速率与凋落物的初始氮、磷含量相关,养分归还与瞬时分解速率常数呈显著正相关。混合分解可能受到养分的迁移和分解的影响,在分解初期和末期呈协同效应,而在分解中期呈拮抗效应。研究结果说明混合分解并不是单一分解的简单加和,还需进一步深化对凋落物分解机理的研究。 相似文献
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采用分解网袋法,在古尔班通古特沙漠南缘设置对照N0(0 g N·m-2·a-1)、N5(5 g N·m-2·a-1)、N10(10 g N·m-2·a-1)和N20(20 g N·m-2·a-1)4个施N处理,研究外源N添加对多枝柽柳、盐角草及两者混合凋落物分解过程及养分释放的影响,分析氮沉降对荒漠生态系统凋落物分解的影响。结果表明: 各物种凋落物的分解速率存在显著差异,经过345 d的分解,多枝柽柳、盐角草及混合物在不同N处理间的分解速率分别为0.64~0.70、0.84~0.99和0.71~0.81 kg·kg-1·a-1。凋落物分解过程中,N、P均表现为养分的直接释放,试验结束时,N0、N5、N10和N20处理单种凋落物及其混合物N分别释放60.6%~67.4%、56.7%~62.6%、57.4%~62.3%、46.8%~63.0%,P分别释放51.9%~77.9%、59.9%~74.7%、53.0%~79.9%、52.3%~76.4%。N处理对单种凋落物及其混合物的分解影响不显著,但各种凋落物的养分动态对N添加的响应不同,N处理抑制了盐角草N、P释放及混合凋落物P释放,而对多枝柽柳无影响。在温带荒漠,适量的N输入对凋落物分解速率影响不大,但可能会延缓个别物种养分向土壤系统的归还。 相似文献
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红松混交林凋落物氮储量及分解释放对土壤氮的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
2012年5—10月,采用直接收获法,研究了小兴安岭地区云冷杉红松混交林和枫桦红松混交林两种林型凋落物的未分解层(L层)、半分解层(F层)和腐殖质层(H层)以及土壤表层(S层)氮储量及凋落物分解释放对土壤氮影响。结果表明:研究期间两种林型凋落物现存量变化范围分别为19.43~27.25和21.25~24.28 t·hm-2,氮储量变化范围分别为287.21~418.22和274.81~351.21 kg·hm-2,各层氮含量大小次序均为LFHS;云冷杉红松混交林各层凋落物现存量及其氮储存量5月和9月达到峰值,每月氮储量从L~H层均增加,凋落物分解释放氮在F和H层易富集,输入到土壤中较少;枫桦红松混交林各层凋落物现存量及其氮储量5月和10月达到峰值,每月氮储量从L~H层均减少,氮在凋落物各层中均易迁移,输入到土壤中的氮比云冷杉红松混交林多;两种林型L、F、H层凋落物现存量以及H层氮含量与S层氮含量之间,L和F层凋落物现存量与H层氮含量之间均呈显著正相关。 相似文献
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采用野外缩微实验方法,研究了会同林区常绿阔叶林和杉木人工林土壤动物对凋落物早期分解的影响。结果表明:孔径为2mm的网筒内试验土壤和凋落物中大型土壤动物的类群数和多度均明显少于孔径为4mm的网筒;排除大型土壤动物后,常绿阔叶林中凋落物C、K、Ca、Mg养分浓度显著增加,杉木林中凋落物Mg浓度显著增加,2个样地中的凋落物失重率以及凋落物C、P、Ca、Mg等养分元素的释放率均极显著降低(P0.01);大型土壤动物对不同元素释放率的影响不同,2个样地中对凋落物Ca、Mg元素释放率的影响均较大,杉木人工林中对N和K释放率的影响较小,常绿阔叶林中对P释放率的影响最小。 相似文献
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应用分解袋法研究了浙江建德青冈常绿阔叶林凋落物分解过程中的养分动态.结果表明,在2a的分解过程中,各凋落物元素的年均释放率为C 27.91%~44.06%,N 30.77%~39.58%,P 33.33%~42.86%,K 42.31%~48.19%,Ca 18.67%~36.22%,Mg 35.71%~47.22%,Mn 25.00%~37.50%,Cu 3.80%~16.21%,Zn -17.52%~26.60%.K和Mg流动性较大,Zn、Cu和Ca相对稳定,P、Zn、Cu、Ca、N和Mn在分解过程中有不同程度累积.干物质残留量与N、Ca、Mn、Cu和Zn的残留率呈负相关,与C、K和Mg呈正相关.C、N主要以线性衰减方式释放,P和Mg主要以复合函数方式释放,K主要以对数方式释放,Ca、Mn、Cu和Zn残留率具有3种以上的最优模型.Cu、Zn、Ca和Mn对干物质的分解有促进作用.C:N比是预示分解速率的最理想指标.枯叶中C:N比对于N固持和矿化的分界值在20:1左右,C:P比对于P的净矿化的临界值在600:1左右. 相似文献
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通过对相关研究文献的综述结果表明,氮(N)和磷(P)是构成蛋白质和遗传物质的两种重要组成元素,限制森林生产力和其他生态系统过程,对凋落物分解产生深刻影响。大量的凋落物分解试验发现在土壤N有效性较低的温带和北方森林,凋落物分解速率常与底物初始N浓度、木质素/N比等有很好的相关关系,也受外源N输入的影响;而在土壤高度风化的热带亚热带森林生态系统中,P可能是比N更为重要的分解限制因子。然而控制试验表明,N、P添加对凋落物分解速率的影响并不一致,既有促进效应也有抑制效应。为了深入揭示N、P养分有效性对凋落物分解的调控机制,\"底物的C、N化学计量学\"假说、\"微生物的N开采\"假说以及养分平衡的理论都常被用于解释凋落物分解速率的变化。由于微生物分解者具有较为稳定的C、N、P等养分需求比例,在不同的养分供应的周围环境中会体现出不同的活性,某种最缺乏的养分可能就是分解的最重要限制因子。未来的凋落物分解研究,应延长实验时间、加强室内和野外不同条件下的N、P等养分添加控制试验,探讨驱动分解进程的微生物群落结构和酶活性的变化。 相似文献
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密度对缺苞箭竹凋落物养分归还及养分利用效率的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在缺苞箭竹-紫果云杉原始林下,选取3个密度(D1、D2、D3)的缺苞箭竹,研究了密度对缺苞箭竹凋落物量、养分归还量及养分利用效率的影响.结果表明:3个密度缺苞箭竹的年凋落物量分别为793.2、1135.7和1458.5kg.hm-2,C归还量分别为370.7、516.2和671.5kg.hm-2,5种主要养分归还量分别为16.3、22.9和29.3kg.hm-2,均随密度的增大而增加.各密度养分年归还量中均以Ca最高(占总量的48%~58%),P和Mg最低(3%~5%),总体排序为Ca>N>K>Mg、P.除高密度(D3)缺苞箭竹在8月有一个凋落与养分归还小峰外,10月生长季末是各密度缺苞箭竹凋落及养分归还高峰期.不同密度缺苞箭竹叶N和K的再分配能力无显著差异,P的再分配能力随密度的增大而增强,Ca、Mg则显著积累.缺苞箭竹P的养分利用效率随密度的增大而增高,表明P可能是缺苞箭竹生长更新的限制因子. 相似文献
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对天津八仙山国家级自然保护区3种典型阔叶林,即栓皮栎(Quercus variabilis)林、核桃楸(Juglans mandshurica)林、槲栎(Quercus aliena)林凋落物的未分解层、半分解层及下层土壤的养分进行分析,结果表明:(1)在凋落物的未分解层,C含量槲栎林最高为486.1 g·kg-1,栓皮栎林最低为447.5 g·kg-1。N、P含量核桃楸林均最高,分别为17.9和1.2 g·kg-1,槲栎林最低为13.2和0.8 g·kg-1;半分解层,C、P含量三者差异不显著,N含量以槲栎林最高为17.1 g·kg-1,栓皮栎林最低为10.5 g·kg-1。土壤C、N、P含量差异显著(P0.05),均表现出槲栎林最高,栓皮栎林最低。表明槲栎林自肥能力较强,土壤养分状况良好。(2)C/N、C/P值,在凋落物未分解层中,核桃楸林均小于栓皮栎林和槲栎林,而在半分解层中,3种林分无明显差异;从未分解层到半分解层,栓皮栎林的C/N、C/P值分别下降了17%和11%,槲栎林分别下降了19%和35%,而核桃楸林无明显变化。(3)矿质营养元素含量在凋落物未分解层中按照核桃楸林、栓皮栎林、槲栎林的顺序递减,矿质营养元素含量越大其pH值越接近中性;各林分凋落物矿质营养元素积累总量顺序为:栓皮栎林槲栎林核桃楸林。 相似文献
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Menghua Zhang Xiaoli Cheng Qinghong Geng Zheng Shi Yiqi Luo Xia Xu 《Global Ecology and Biogeography》2019,28(10):1469-1486
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The regulation of nitrogen accumulation in the grain of wheat plants (Triticum aestivum) 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Nitrogen accumulation in the ear of wheat plants ( Triticum aestivum L. cv. Klein Chamaco) during ear growth was studied under 4 experimental conditions. Plants were grown in pots with Perlite or soil, and fertilized with nutrient solutions. In one experiment the plants were grown in a greenhouse and supplied with high (16m M ) or low (1.6 m M ) N in the nutrient solutions until anthesis, and then with or without nitrogen supply until ripening. In a second experiment the plants were grown with high N supply until anthesis, and then for half of the plants light intensity was decreased by 50%, and at the same time. N supply was terminated for half of the plants within each light treatment. A third experiment was similar to the previous one, but was carried out in a growth cabinet under 20% of the maximal irradiance in the greenhouse. In a fourth experiment half the ear was excised at anthesis in half of the plants, and these plants were then supplied with or without nitrogen.
In all experiments there was a linear relation between the rate of N accumulation and the rate of ear growth. A wide range of final individual grain weights and N concentration was observed among the experiments. The same maximum N concentration was observed for all grain sizes, although the N concentration could be different between grains of the same size. The grain N concentration correlated with the rate of N accumulation per unit of ear weight increase during ear growth. It is suggested that in wheat plants there is a dependence of nitrogen transport on carbon transport to the ear, and to the ear, and that the final grain N concentration is determined by the N/C ratio exported from the vegetative tissues. 相似文献
In all experiments there was a linear relation between the rate of N accumulation and the rate of ear growth. A wide range of final individual grain weights and N concentration was observed among the experiments. The same maximum N concentration was observed for all grain sizes, although the N concentration could be different between grains of the same size. The grain N concentration correlated with the rate of N accumulation per unit of ear weight increase during ear growth. It is suggested that in wheat plants there is a dependence of nitrogen transport on carbon transport to the ear, and to the ear, and that the final grain N concentration is determined by the N/C ratio exported from the vegetative tissues. 相似文献
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在目前全球氮沉降不断增加的背景下, 研究农田土壤呼吸对氮沉降的响应有助于理解未来生态系统碳循环对全球变暖的潜在影响。为探讨不同施氮浓度对华东地区冬小麦(Triticum aestivum)生长期土壤呼吸的影响, 该实验设计了对照组(不施加氮肥)和3种浓度施氮处理组(低浓度施氮15 g·m–2·a–1, 中等浓度施氮30 g·m–2·a–1, 高浓度施氮45 g·m–2·a–1)。使用便携式土壤CO2通量观测仪LI-8100测定不同施氮浓度处理下冬小麦生长期(2013年12月至2014年5月)的土壤呼吸速率, 并探讨土壤呼吸与土壤温度、湿度等环境因素的关系。结果表明: 低、中、高3种浓度施氮处理的土壤呼吸速率平均值分别为5.29、6.17和6.75 μmol·m–2 ·s–1, 与对照组(土壤呼吸速率平均值为4.90 μmol·m–2·s–1)相比, 分别增加了7.8%、23.6%和37.8%; 地上生物量分别增加39.9%、104.4%和200.2%, 并与冬小麦生长季的总土壤呼吸正相关。5 cm深度土壤的温度与土壤呼吸速率呈指数关系(p < 0.05), 土壤呼吸季节变化的65%–75%由土壤温度引起, 其温度敏感性为2.09–2.32。结果表明, 添加氮肥促进了植物的生长, 增加了生物量, 从而增加了冬小麦农田的土壤呼吸速率。 相似文献
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为了解典型喀斯特峰丛洼地植被群落凋落物养分空间分异以及其生态化学计量特征,分析了4个不同演替阶段植被凋落物现存量、C、N、P含量及C、N、P元素比值关系在不同坡位间的差异。结果表明:(1)不同演替阶段群落凋落物现存量和C、N、P含量、N ∶ P值随植被正向演替而升高;C ∶ N值和C ∶ P值随植被正向演替而下降。(2)凋落物C含量、C ∶ N值、C ∶ P值和N ∶ P值在不同坡位表现为上坡位较高、下坡位较低;P含量的变化规律与之相反,N含量则没呈现很明显的规律性(P<0.05)。典范对应分析(CCA)结果表明演替阶段和坡位对凋落物积累、养分分布和存储影响最大,坡度、坡向和裸岩率也有较大影响。(3)N ∶ P值是制约凋落物分解和养分循环的重要因素。凋落物在P素较低的情况下具有较高的N及木质素含量(即较高的N ∶ P值),分解速率较低,较低的N ∶ P值使凋落物更易分解。N素在3个坡位的不显著差异以及P素的显著差异反映了P含量波动对喀斯特峰丛洼地植被凋落物N ∶ P值和分解速率变化的影响。推测下坡位及幼龄林群落由于具有较低的N ∶ P值,其凋落物分解速率相对较快,养分的存储量较少。因此,上坡位、成熟林群落的凋落物有利于积累养分。 相似文献
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Sabine Güsewell Willem Koerselman 《Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics》2002,5(1):37-61
The use of nutrient concentrations in plant biomass as easily measured indicators of nutrient availability and limitation has been the subject of a controversial debate. In particular, it has been questioned whether nutrient concentrations are mainly species' traits or mainly determined by nutrient availability, and whether plant species have similar or different relative nutrient requirements. This review examines how nitrogen and phosphorus concentration and the N:P ratio in wetland plants vary among species and sites, and how they are related to nutrient availability and limitation. We analyse data from field studies in European non-forested wetlands, from fertilisation experiments in these communities and from growth experiments with wetland plants. Overall, the P concentration was more variable than the N concentration, while variation in N:P ratios was intermediate. Field data showed that the N concentration varies more among species than among sites, whereas the N:P ratio varies more among sites than among species, and the P concentration varies similarly among both. Similar patterns of variation were found in fertilisation experiments and in growth experiments under controlled nutrient supply. Nutrient concentrations and N:P ratios in the vegetation were poorly correlated with various measures of nutrient availability in soil, but they clearly responded to fertilisation in the field and to nutrient supply in growth experiments. In these experiments, biomass N:P ratios ranged from 3 to 40 and primarily reflected the relative availabilities of N and P, although N:P ratios of plants grown at the same nutrient supply could vary three-fold among species. The effects of fertilisation with N or P on the biomass production of wetland vegetation were well related to the N:P ratios of the vegetation in unfertilised plots, but not to N or P concentrations, which supports the idea that N:P ratios, rather than N or P concentrations, indicate the type of nutrient limitation. However, other limiting or stressing factors may influence N:P ratios, and the responses of individual plant species to fertilisation cannot be predicted from their N:P ratios. Therefore, N:P ratios should only be used to assess which nutrient limits the biomass production at the vegetation level and only when factors other than N or P are unlikely to be limiting. 相似文献
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在目前全球氮沉降不断增加的背景下, 研究农田土壤呼吸对氮沉降的响应有助于理解未来生态系统碳循环对全球变暖的潜在影响。为探讨不同施氮浓度对华东地区冬小麦(Triticum aestivum)生长期土壤呼吸的影响, 该实验设计了对照组(不施加氮肥)和3种浓度施氮处理组(低浓度施氮15 g·m-2·a-1, 中等浓度施氮30 g·m-2·a-1, 高浓度施氮45 g·m-2·a-1)。使用便携式土壤CO2通量观测仪LI-8100测定不同施氮浓度处理下冬小麦生长期(2013年12月至2014年5月)的土壤呼吸速率, 并探讨土壤呼吸与土壤温度、湿度等环境因素的关系。结果表明: 低、中、高3种浓度施氮处理的土壤呼吸速率平均值分别为5.29、6.17和6.75 μmol·m-2 ·s-1, 与对照组(土壤呼吸速率平均值为4.90 μmol·m-2·s-1)相比, 分别增加了7.8%、23.6%和37.8%; 地上生物量分别增加39.9%、104.4%和200.2%, 并与冬小麦生长季的总土壤呼吸正相关。5 cm深度土壤的温度与土壤呼吸速率呈指数关系(p < 0.05), 土壤呼吸季节变化的65%-75%由土壤温度引起, 其温度敏感性为2.09-2.32。结果表明, 添加氮肥促进了植物的生长, 增加了生物量, 从而增加了冬小麦农田的土壤呼吸速率。 相似文献
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Variation of carbon and nitrogen cycling processes along a topographic gradient in a central Amazonian forest 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Regina C. C. Luizão Flávio J. Luizão Romilda Q. Paiva† Terezinha F. Monteiro† Lucinéia S. Sousa‡ Bart Kruijt§ 《Global Change Biology》2004,10(5):592-600
It is well recognized in the literature that topography can influence soil nutrient stocks and dynamics in temperate regions, but for tropical forests, this source of variation has sometimes been ignored. The nature of such variations may depend upon the soil type, which in turn, is closely linked to local or regional topography. This study characterizes the soil and describes the status of carbon and nitrogen in vegetation, litterfall, litter‐layer and soil upper layers along the main positions of a topographic gradient (plateau, slope and valley), 60 km north of Manaus, on Cuieiras Reserve watershed. Nitrogen concentrations in living leaves, fresh litterfall, litter‐layer and soil upper layers were lower in the valley than in both slope and plateau plots. Carbon concentrations in plant material were not significantly different among the three topographic positions, resulting in higher C : N ratios in valley plots. Local topography (plateau, slope and valley) clearly was an influential factor in the nutrient distribution along the study locations. Lower rates of N cycling processes in the valley are probably related to its sandy soil texture and seasonal flooding. 相似文献
18.
研究了湖北神农架巴山冷杉 (Abies fargesii) 天然林凋落物量、凋落物N、P、K、Ca、Mg的含量及其归还量。结果表明:巴山冷杉天然林的年凋落量为5702.99kg·hm-2;巴山冷杉林的凋落 物组成比较丰富, 主要有落叶、落枝、球花、球果和其他5部分, 其中以落叶为多, 占总凋落量的46.00%;凋落量的月变化模式呈双峰型, 分别在2006年10~11月和2007年4~5月达到峰值;凋落物养分含量的大小顺序为:N>K>Ca>P>Mg;N、P、 K、Ca、Mg的年归还量分别为:39.1063、4.5346、13.4367、5.4965和0.0911kg·hm-2;就凋落物各组分的养分年归 还量而言, 落叶的养分归还量远远大于其余组分的养分归还量, 占总归还量的52.65%。因此, 不论凋落量还是养分归还量, 巴山冷杉林凋落物中的落叶都占绝对优势。 相似文献