细菌内毒素电化学生物传感器的构建及性能表征

细菌内毒素为外源性致热源,内毒素的检测在生物制品生产过程中至关重要。构建了一种用于检测细菌内毒素的电化学核酸适体生物传感器,以氨基修饰的内毒素核酸适体EAQ2为配体,通过3-巯基丙酸(MPA)中间连接物,固定修饰在金电极表面,并通过循环伏安(CV)和电化学交流阻抗谱(EIS)两种方式共同表征了生物传感器的构建过程。结果发现MPA组装时间在6 h时能在金电极表面形成稳定的自组装单分子层。构建的生物传感器检测限达0.001 EU/ml,低于目前报道的其他内毒素检测方法的检测限,在0.001~0.1 EU/ml内毒素浓度范围内具有较好的线性关系,相关系数R~2=0.9878,在实际生物样品的检测上具有一定的应用前景。     

Determination of chemical biodegradation by direct and indirect methods

Summary Degradation of 10 organic chemicals by pre-acclimated microorganisms in BOD dilution water was determined directly by UV spectrophotometry and indirectly by a modified BOD method. Residual chemical concentrations were periodically measured and pseudo-first-order biodegradation rate constants (k ₁) were calculated. Thek ₁ spectrophotometry values ranged from 0.006/h to 0.077/h andk ₁-BOD values from 0.002/h to 0.043/h for 1-methylnaphthalene and indole, respectively. The ratios ofk spectrophotometry to k₁-BOD were between 1.5 for salicylic acid and 3.0 for 1-methylnaphthalene with a mean of 2.7. A significant (=0.001) linear correlation (r ²=0.854,F=46.630) existed between the two sets of rate constants. Results from this study suggest that the modified BOD method may be used to estimate chemical biodegradation rates in synthetic media.     

利用厚度剪切模传感器在线快速检测鼠伤寒沙门氏菌

鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的浓度和生长用厚度剪切模（ＴＳＭ）传感器在线进行了测定．通过实验发现该法简单、实时和快速．该传感器的响应和细胞浓度之间存在良好的线性关系,相关系数为０．９７４．细菌的生长初始期即延滞期和对数生长期可以用该装置在线测定．影响测定的诸因素也进行了讨论,如培养基和电解质是关键的因素．测定的最佳浓度范围为１．２５×１０５～１×１０１０细胞／升．     

肝纤维化过程中Toll样受体4在肝脏的表达分布及意义

目的动态观察大鼠肝纤维化过程中Toll样受体4（Toll-like receptor4,TLR4）蛋白在肝脏的表达,探讨TLR4与肝纤维化发生发展的关系。方法以四氯化碳皮下注射复制大鼠肝纤维化模型,设立正常对照组和模型1周组、2周组、4周组、6周组。常规HE染色和天狼猩红胶原染色观察肝脏病变;检测肝组织羟脯氨酸和血浆内毒素含量;免疫组化和Western blot检测TLR4在肝组织中的表达,检测α-SMA观察活化的肝星状细胞（HSCs）。结果与正常对照组比较,CCl4作用2周时,肝组织羟脯氨酸含量开始明显增多（P〈0.01）;模型组各组血浆内毒素含量呈梯度上升（P〈0.01）,且与肝组织羟脯氨酸含量呈显著正相关关系（P〈0.01）;CCl4作用1周后肝组织TLR4的表达即明显增强（P〈0.01）,4周时和6周时有所下降（与2周组相比,P〈0.05）,但仍高于正常对照组（P〈0.01）。TLR4阳性细胞包括枯否细胞、活化的HSCs及少量的肝细胞和内皮细胞。结论内毒素及其受体TLR4的改变可能在肝纤维化中起重要作用。     

农杆菌质粒DNA的间接酶切鉴定

采用常规手段提酶切鉴定法,与普通大肠杆菌质粒小量抽提试剂盒提取农杆菌质粒酶切鉴定法(简称试剂盒法)和农杆菌质粒反导大肠杆菌间接酶切鉴定法(简称间接法)进行对比,发现本试验创新的试剂盒法和间接法可轻松做酶切鉴定,可为农杆菌质粒DNA提取经验不足者参考.     

纳米颗粒增强酶生物传感器性能的研究进展

简要介绍生物传感器的原理及分类,并且对纳米颗粒增强酶生物传感器的研究现状进行了评述,尤其是纳米颗粒对葡萄糖生物传感器和尿酸酶生物传感器的增强作用,并对我国生物传感器的发展方向做了展望。     

双歧杆菌对门静脉血内毒素影响初步研究

本实验以大鼠为动物模型,探讨在肠道微生态失调的状态下,用大量双歧杆菌(Bifidobacteria)灌服,借以拮抗外源性需氧革兰氏阴性杆菌的生长繁殖,从而使肠源性内毒素自门静脉的吸收减少。对正常鼠、脱污染鼠、再污染鼠、治疗鼠和非治疗鼠,进行不同肠段的双歧杆菌、需氧革兰氏阴性杆菌的测定和门静脉血内毒素测定。结果表明:双歧杆菌对肠道需氧革兰氏阴性杆菌的生长繁殖,具有明显的生物拮抗作用,同时伴有相应的门静脉血内毒素水平的降低。     

小鼠胚胎发育过程中表皮生长因子受体的免疫荧光定位研究

用间接免疫荧光法研究了第12—19天小鼠胚胎的表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)在各种组织中的分布。结果表明,特异性荧光出现在EGFR阳性细胞的细胞膜上。第14.5天鼠胚鼻粘膜上皮首先显示很强的EGFR特异性荧光,此后荧光稍为减弱,直至第19天后消失。消化系统中,舌味觉上皮在第16天、胃粘膜上皮在第17—18天间、十二指肠上皮在第17.5—18.5天、直肠粘膜上皮在第15.5—16天和肛管粘膜上皮在第15天均显示强特异性荧光。肝细胞从第14.5天起有弱阳性反应,随胎龄增大强度缓慢地增强。此外,在胚胎发育不同时期,还看到若干组织呈现阳性反应,包括膀胱粘膜变移上皮、眼睑原基、腺垂体上皮、舌下腺腺泡细胞、附属腺上皮细胞、胰岛细胞、颌下腺腺上皮和导管上皮细胞、降主动脉内皮以及卵巢髓质部富含血管的疏松结缔组织中的成纤维细胞等。     

革兰阴性杆菌内毒素诱导肝癌腹水瘤细胞系Hca-F25/CL-163A3凋亡作用的研究

目的：研究革兰阳性球菌、革兰阴性杆菌以及革兰阴性杆菌（GNB）的内毒素对小鼠肝癌腹水瘤细胞系Hca-F25/CL-163A3的杀伤作用与诱导细胞凋亡作用。方法：利用美国B-D公司生产的FACS-Cal-ibur流式细胞仪检测与革兰阳性球菌、革兰阴性杆菌、革兰阴性杆菌内毒素共育后的肿瘤细胞凋亡。结果：革兰阳性球菌产生凋亡不明显,革兰阴性杆菌、标准细菌的内毒素分别共育后的肿瘤细胞在G0/G1峰前,均产生一个典型的凋亡峰-AP峰。结论：革兰阴性杆菌的内毒素是对肿瘤细胞的诱导凋亡作用的主要成分。     

高温环境样品总DNA直接和间接提取方法的比较

分别采用两种环境总DNA直接提取法和一种间接提取法从6种温泉菌席样品中提取总DNA,以DNA粗产物的纯度、能否用于后续PCR扩增及PCR-DGGE(变性梯度凝胶电泳)所反映的微生物多样性为评价指标对两类方法进行比较和评价。研究发现,虽然间接提取法效率低下,但对于高温极端环境中生物量较小的样品,间接法能得到有研究价值的、纯度较高的环境样品总DNA,而直接法得到的DNA量小且不适于PCR扩增操作。在使用这2类方法都能得到可用于研究操作的DNA的情况下,间接提取法能更好的体现环境样品中微生物的多样性。     

鲎C因子的性质、结构、功能及应用

鲎C因子是一种分子量为123kD的丝氨酸蛋白酶原,主要由六种结构域构成,能特异地结合内毒素分子而被激活。在内毒素的检测,抗内毒素治疗,去除生物制品中污染的内毒素,以及在抗微生物作用中有多种潜在的应用价值 。     

肾移植术后巨细胞病毒pp65检测的临床意义

目的探讨肾移植受者术后,巨细胞病毒被膜磷蛋白pp65的检测在活动性巨细胞病毒感染中的意义。方法用间接免疫荧光法检测肾移植受者术后HCMV-pp65,同时用酶联免疫捕获法检测HCMV-IgM抗体,共采集91份血标本。结果 91份血标本中,HCMV-pp65阳性24份（26.4%）,HCMV-IgM抗体阳性4份（4.4%）,在24例HC-MV-pp65抗原血症阳性的患者中,有20例出现HCMV感染症状及HCMV病。结论 HCMV-pp65在活动性巨细胞病毒感染的检测中具有早期、准确的优点,可辅助临床对HCMV感染进行早期诊断与治疗。     

微阵列电化学生物传感器研究进展

本文简要介绍了微阵列电化学生物传感器的基本原理和分类,评述了微阵列电化学生物传感器的研究进展。     

Microcantilevers modified by specific peptide for selective detection of trimethylamine

We report a biosensor based on a microcantilever that is modified by a specific peptide for highly selective detection of trimethylamine (TMA). The assay is based on binding-induced bending of the peptide functionalized microcantilevers. The sensor is selectively responsive to TMA. The amplitude of microcantilever bending at equilibrium is a function of the concentration of TMA with a dynamic range from 8 ppm to 800 ppm. The detection limit is approximately 8 ppm. There is a good intra-sensor and an acceptable inter-sensor reproducibility as evidenced by the standard deviation of 5% and 15%, respectively.     

Creating highly amplified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay signals from genetically engineered bacteriophage

For early detection of many diseases, it is critical to be able to diagnose small amounts of biomarkers in blood or serum. One of the most widely used sensing assays is the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), which typically uses detection monoclonal antibodies conjugated to enzymes to produce colorimetric signals. To increase the overall sensitivities of these sensors, we demonstrate the use of a dually modified version of filamentous bacteriophage Fd that produces significantly higher colorimetric signals in ELISAs than what can be achieved using antibodies alone. Because only a few proteins at the tip of the micron-long bacteriophage are involved in antigen binding, the approximately 4000 other coat proteins can be augmented—by either chemical functionalization or genetic engineering—with hundreds to thousands of functional groups. In this article, we demonstrate the use of bacteriophage that bear a large genomic fusion that allows them to bind specific antibodies on coat protein 3 (p3) and multiple biotin groups on coat protein 8 (p8) to bind to avidin-conjugated enzymes. In direct ELISAs, the anti-rTNFα (recombinant human tumor necrosis factor alpha)-conjugated bacteriophage show approximately 3- to 4-fold gains in signal over that of anti-rTNFα, demonstrating their use as a platform for highly sensitive protein detection.     

Suitability of Macrolampis firefly and Pyrearinus click beetle luciferases for bacterial light off toxicity biosensor

Bioluminescence is widely used in biosensors. For water toxicity analysis, the naturally bioluminescent bacteria Vibrio fischeri have been used extensively. We investigated the suitability of two new beetle luciferases for Escherichia coli light off biosensors: Macrolampis firefly and Pyrearinus termitilluminans click beetle luciferases. The bioluminescence detection assay using this system is very sensitive, being comparable or superior to V. fischeri. The luciferase of P. termitilluminans produces a strong and sustained bioluminescence that is useful for less sensitive and inexpensive assays that require integration of the emission, whereas Macrolampis luciferase displays a flash-like luminescence that is useful for fast and more sensitive assays. The effect of heavy metals and sanitizing agents was analyzed. Zinc, copper, 1-propanol, and iodide had inhibitory effects on bioluminescence and growth assays; however, in these cases the bioluminescence was not a very reliable indicator of cell growth and metabolic activity because these agents also inhibited the luciferase. On the other hand, mercury and silver strongly affected cell bioluminescence and growth but not the luciferase activity, indicating that bioluminescence was a reliable indicator of cell growth and metabolic activity in this case. Finally, bioluminescent E. coli immobilized in agarose matrix gave a more stable format for environmental assays.     

Differential effects of bacterial lipopolysaccharides upon neutrophil function

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a potent inflammatory agent which augments neutrophil sensitivity to subsequent inflammatory stimuli. In this study, the effects of structurally different LPS types upon neutrophil effector functions were examined. Rough LPS types, which have lost the O-polysaccharide moiety, were found to act more rapidly than smooth LPS types in stimulating neutrophil β₂ integrin activity and fMLP-induced respiratory burst. These findings suggest an involvement of the O-polysaccharide region of LPS in regulating neutrophil responsiveness to different LPS chemotypes with important implications for the mechanisms underlying regulation of the inflammatory response in conditions associated with elevation of LPS in plasma, e.g. septic shock or acute respiratory distress syndrome.     

The occurrence of glycine in bacterial lipopolysaccharides

Abstract The aminoacyl analysis of endotoxic lipopolysaccharides (LPS) isolated from several bacteria revealed essential amounts of glycine, among the inherent LPS components. Significant amounts of the glycine was detected in lipopolysaccharides isolated from over 30 strains of Escherichia, Salmonella, Hafnia, Citrobacter and Shigella species. Glycine as a single amino acid was found only in a core part of LPS. Molar ratio of glycine in core oligosaccharide fraction ranged from 0.2 to 0.6 per 3 heptoses. The oligosaccharide enriched in glycine was isolated using the HPLC. The amino acid appeared to be terminally located in a core oligosaccharide. The labelling of the lipopolysaccharide cores was achieved when the bacteria were cultivated in the presence of radioactive [¹⁴C]glycine. The labelled core oligosaccharide released the radioactivity during treatment with mild alkali or acid (0.1 M NaOH or HCl, 100°C, 4 h). The radioactivity in SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis migrated exclusively with LPS. The results indicate that amino acid is an integral constituent of core oligosaccharide in lipopolysaccharide.     

肠道需氧革兰氏阴性杆菌与门静脉血内毒素水平关系的初步探讨

本实验以普通 Webster 大鼠为动物模型,探讨肠道需氧革兰氏阴性杆菌(Gram ne-gative,G~-杆菌)与门静脉血内毒素的关系。以抗生素联合灌胃使大鼠肠道脱污染,降低肠道定植抗力,再以4种需氧 G~-杆菌混合液灌胃,行肠道再污染,然后再分别测定正常鼠(组),脱污染鼠(组)及再污染鼠(组)不同肠段和粪便需氧 G~-杆菌及相应鼠门静脉血内毒素水平。结果表明,肠道需氧 G~-杆菌的变化与相应门静脉血内毒素水平的变化基本一致.由此可见,上消化道需氧 G~-杆菌过生长,可能会成为门静脉血内毒素水平增加的原因之一。     

复合益生素对严重烧伤大鼠肠道细菌和内毒素易位的影响

目的 :探讨复合益生素 (BBR)对严重烧伤大鼠肠道细菌和内毒素易位的影响。方法 :选用健康Wistar大鼠 70只 ,体重 180～ 2 2 0 g,雌雄各半 ,随机分为 BBR治疗组、烧伤对照组 (BC)和正常对照组(NC) ,建立 30 % °烫伤肠源性感染模型 ,伤后 1、3、5 d分批活杀取材 ,检测细菌和内毒素易位率。结果 :伤后 3d BBR组和 BC组肠道细菌易位率分别为 10 %和 33% ;血浆内毒素 BC组明显高于 NC组 (P<0 .0 1) ,而 BBR组与 NC组则差异无显著性 (P>0 .0 5 ) ,BBR组血浆内毒素明显低于 BC组 (P<0 .0 1)。结论 :30 % °烫伤大鼠口服 BBR后明显降低了肠道细菌和内毒素的易位 ,表明其对肠道屏障功能有保护作用。