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1.
黄粉虫幼虫体壁硬化过程中酚氧化酶活性的变化 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
为研究酚氧化酶(PO)在昆虫蜕皮过程中的功能和作用, 采用微量测定法研究了黄粉虫Tenebrio molitor体壁硬化过程中血淋巴和表皮中的PO活性变化。结果表明:初蜕皮幼虫血淋巴中PO活性较高, 但随着体壁的不断黑化与硬化, 其活性呈现下降趋势, 在3~4 h内达到最低点, 而后PO活性逐渐上升, 7 h左右活性上升至最高, 并接近于正常幼虫的水平;在刚蜕完皮后的1 h内, 体壁中 PO活性基本无变化, 但随后即开始下降, 3 h左右降到最低点, 然后开始回升, 6~7 h左右恢复到正常水平, 并趋于稳定;以L-DOPA为底物, 通过双倒数曲线作图法求得黄粉虫血淋巴PO的Km=1.176 mmol/L, 体壁PO的Km=0.881 mmol/L, 表明体壁PO与底物L-DOPA的亲和力要高于血淋巴PO。研究表明两种来源的酚氧化酶均参与了黄粉虫幼虫的体壁硬化过程, 但在作用方式及与底物的亲和力方面存在差异。 相似文献
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Farley W. S. Silva Lucimar S. Araujo Dihego O. Azevedo José E. Serrão Simon L. Elliot 《Physiological Entomology》2016,41(2):121-126
Prevention and reaction are the foundation for any defence system. In insects, the primary defences against pathogens and parasites limit invasion; the secondary ones (e.g. immune system) act when the cuticle and other primary defences fail. Because investment in both aspects of defence may be costly, they should be regulated in a plastic or variable way in accordance with the risk of infection. The mealworm beetle Tenebrio molitor L. changes cuticle colour and its resistance to fungal infection when subject to high population density, although such resistance is a result of the primary (cuticle) defences rather than the secondary (immunological) ones. The present study tests the hypothesis that the physical and chemical properties of the primary defences in T. molitor change with cuticular darkness. Beetles expressing black phenotypes (or with darker cuticle) have a thicker cuticle, with four well organized layers (epi‐, exo‐, endocuticle and formation zone) and more melanin than tan beetles. The cuticle properties investigated in the present study are likely to be the underlying mechanisms of pathogen resistance in black beetles, including the content of carbonylated proteins, which in black beetles was almost half that of tan beetles after exposure to ultraviolet radiation. It is proposed that, in polyphenic insects (such as mealworm beetles), primary and secondary defences are regulated pleiotropically, with the genes responsible for the expression of one defence having a positive effect on others, whereas, in polymorphic insects, there is no such link and so investment in one defence may impair others. 相似文献
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Sun Hee Park Shunfu Piao Hyun‐Mi Kwon Eun‐Hye Kim Bok Luel Lee Nam‐Chul Ha 《Acta Crystallographica. Section F, Structural Biology Communications》2010,66(2):198-200
The Toll signalling pathway, which is crucial for innate immunity, is transduced in insect haemolymph via a proteolytic cascade consisting of three serine proteases. The proteolytic cascade is downregulated by a specific serine protease inhibitor (serpin). Recently, the serpin SPN48 was found to show an unusual specific reactivity towards the terminal serine protease, Spätzle‐processing enzyme, in the beetle Tenebrio molitor. In this study, the mature form of SPN48 was overexpressed in Escherichia coli and purified. The purified SPN48 protein was crystallized using 14% polyethylene glycol 8000 and 0.1 M 2‐(N‐morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid pH 6.0 as the precipitant. The crystals diffracted X‐rays to 2.1 Å resolution and were suitable for structure determination. The crystals belonged to space group P21. The crystal structure will provide information regarding how SPN48 achieves its unusual specificity for its target protease. 相似文献
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The site specificity of the apicomplexans Gregarina cuneata and Gregarina sleini , in larval Tenebrio molitor was investigated. Gregarina cuneata was found to inhabit the anteriormost region of the larval midgut, while G. steini was restricted to the posterior portion of the intestine. The site specificity of the pair was conserved in single and concurrent infections. Interspecific interactions do not seem to be presently responsible for the resource partitioning by the 2 gregarine species. Key words. Gregarina, site specificity, Tenebrio molitor. 相似文献
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Chen Liu Xiao Tian LV Wen Xue Zhu Hao Yang QU Yong Xin Gao Bao Yuan Guo Hui Li Wang 《Chirality》2013,25(12):917-922
The enantioselective bioaccumulation of diniconazole in Tenebrio molitor Linne larva was investigated with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry based on the ChiralcelOD‐3R[cellulose tri‐(3,5‐dimethylphenyl carbamate)] column. In this study we documented the effects of dietary supplementation with wheat bran contaminated by racemic diniconazole at two dose levels of 20 mg kg‐1 and 2 mg kg‐1 (dry weight) in Tenebrio molitor. The results showed that both doses of diniconazole were taken up by Tenebrio molitor rapidly in the first few days, the concentrations of R‐enantiomer and S‐enantiomer at high doses reached the highest level of 0.55 mg kg‐1 and 0.48 mg kg‐1, respectively, on the 1st d, and the concentrations of them obtained a maxima of 0.129 mg kg‐1 and 0.128 mg kg‐1 at low dose, respectively, on the 3rd d, which means that the concentration of diniconazole was proportional to the time of achieving the highest accumulated level. It afterwards attained equilibrium after a sharp decline at both 20 mg kg‐1 and 2 mg kg‐1 of diniconazole. The determination results from the feces of Tenebrio molitor demonstrated that the extraction recovery (ER) values of the high dose group were higher than that of the low dose group and the values were all above 1; therefore, it could be inferred that enantiomerization existed in Tenebrio molitor. Additionally, the biota accumulation factor was used to evaluate the bioaccumulation of diniconazole enantiomers, showing that the bioaccumulation of diniconazole in Tenebrio molitor was enantioselective with preferential accumulation of S‐enantiomer. Chirality 25:917–922, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
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Dooseon Hwang Woo Seok Lee Tae‐Won Goo Seung‐Won Park Eun‐Young Yun 《Entomological Research》2019,49(12):509-518
In this study, we made koji using protein‐rich Tenebrio molitor larvae (TML) inoculated with Aspergillus oryzae, and then used the koji to prepare a paste and a sauce. The TML koji showed the highest amino nitrogen, protease activity, and free amino acids content when it was fermented for 72 h after inoculation with 0.8% A. oryzae. The koji was aged in 20% saltwater for 50 days, and then the paste and sauce were separated. To evaluate the effect of TML paste and sauce on ethanol (EtOH)‐damaged hepatocytes, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransaminase (ALT) were measured in EtOH‐treated HepG2 cells after pretreatment with TML paste and sauce extract. As a result, we confirmed that TML paste and sauce extracts lowered the AST and ALT content in the medium, compared to soybean sauce and paste extracts. TML paste and sauce extract significantly reduced the expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α and interleukin (IL)‐6, a biomarker of inflammation, and significantly increased the activity of the antioxidants superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reduced glutathione (GSH) in proportion to the amount of TML added to the paste and sauce. These results suggest that the intake of TML paste and sauce, a new type of fermented food made from insects, may provide effective protection to the liver against hepatocyte injury by EtOH via anti‐inflammatory and antioxidative effects. 相似文献
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《环境昆虫学报》2013,35(1):90-94
为降低塑料泡沫的污染,探索在不影响黄粉虫Tenebrio molitor L.正常生长发育情况下的最大泡沫降解率。组建了黄粉虫在泡沫与麸皮的质量比为(1∶10),(1∶8),(1∶6),(1∶4),(1∶2)五种不同饲料配比下对泡沫的降解情况分析表,结果表明,黄粉虫在泡沫饲料比为 (1∶6)时泡沫的降解率最大,可达 74.21%,且此时的生长发育情况与空白对照组持平,而在泡沫饲料比为 1∶4 时只有 35.86% ,(1∶10),(1∶8),(1∶2)下分别为 45.58% ,49.26% ,37.24% 。泡沫降解率与虫的增重量都随泡沫占的比重的增加呈抛物线趋势,在(1∶6)时达最大,此后下降。分析得出结论,黄粉虫的泡沫饲料比为 1∶6 时既不影响黄粉虫生长且泡沫降解最优。 相似文献
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《Journal of Asia》2020,23(2):498-503
Growth-blocking peptide (GBP) is a 25 amino acid insect cytokine found in lepidopteran insects that has diverse biological activities such as larval growth regulation, paralysis induction, cell proliferation and stimulation of immune cells. Density-dependent phase polyphenism is a phenomenon of phenotypic plasticity in which the expression of a variety of traits can be affected by local population density. In the present study, the armyworm Mythimna separata larvae with four rearing densities (1 larva/vial, 2 larvae/vial, 4 larvae/vial and 6 larvae/vial) were tested for cuticular melanization and body weight throughout the third-fifth instar, and the functional role of GBP in regulating the changes was investigated. The results indicated that when reared at high densities, the larvae exhibited less body weight and more degree of cuticular melanization than larvae reared at low densities. The gene expression of GBP in armyworm larvae showed an initial rise and then decline trend with increased rearing densities in the third to fifth instar. Compared with control, more degree of cuticular melanization was observed in GBP-injected larvae (500 ng/larva in volume 50 μL) than that in Ringer’s solution-injected counterparts. Furthermore, the gene expression level of dopa decarboxylase and prophenoloxidase increased significantly in GBP-injected fifth instar larvae from 6 h to 12 h after injection, suggesting the role of GBP in modulating density-dependent phase trait of armyworm cuticular melanization. 相似文献
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Roman Asshoff 《Journal of biological education》2017,51(1):17-25
Scientific inquiry requires the replication of results in experimental studies. Recent studies draw a severe picture on the need of replication and the difficulties in replicating already published studies. As replicated confirmation of results is the basis of scientific and medical research, there may be a need to introduce the topic of replication to students. In an experiment, 5th grade students tested the effect of yeast addition on biomass increase in mealworm larvae. Each student took care of one larva on flour and one larva on flour + yeast (in total n = 30 larvae per treatment) in separate small boxes. After the experiment, students discussed the results of their two larvae. Subsequent pooling of the data in class showed a high degree of variation. When asked why replication in this experiment was important, students revealed a generally good epistemic understanding of the issue of replication and offered several explanations for why replication matters in experimentation. 相似文献
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槲皮素对黄粉虫血淋巴酚氧化酶的生理效应 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
用酶标仪法测定了槲皮素对黄粉虫Tenebrio molitor酚氧化酶(phenoloxidase, PO)的生物活性。结果表明:在离体条件下,对黄粉虫血淋巴PO的IC50为0.625 mmol/L。在活体情况下,当槲皮素-DMSO溶液或槲皮素水悬浮液(5 μL)注入虫体后,在浓度低于1.0 mmol/L时对黄粉虫血淋巴PO具有激活作用,当浓度高于2.0 mmol/L时则对PO具有明显的抑制作用;单独注射5 μL DMSO溶液对PO活性亦有一定的激活作用。试虫被注射槲皮素后,PO活性在2~4 h内迅速下降,然后缓慢上升,处理8 h左右达到最高点,其后低浓度处理PO活性保持不变,而高浓度处理则逐渐下降,提示低浓度槲皮素可以引起试虫的免疫反应。在PO测活体系中加入0.5%的BSA后对PO活性无影响,并能使槲皮素在测活体系中保持稳定。 相似文献
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为了更好地开发利用黄粉虫Tenebrio molitor,通过测定干燥的黄粉虫幼虫和虫蛹的营养成分,分析氨基酸质量和脂肪酸组成,评估幼虫和虫蛹的食用安全性,并将幼虫和虫蛹与常见食物的营养含量进行比较分析,以评价黄粉虫的营养价值及评估其安全风险。结果表明:黄粉虫幼虫和虫蛹具有高蛋白质(含量分别为43.8%和48.0%),高脂肪(含量分别为31.2%和20.9%),有机物质、矿物质和维生素含量丰富等特点;两者的氨基酸组成一致,配比合理,均含17种氨基酸(色氨酸未测),总氨基酸含量分别为443.59 mg/g和233.09 mg/g,必需氨基酸占总氨基酸含量的38.08%和37.82%,必需氨基酸指数分别为1.06和0.49;两者分别含有9种和8种脂肪酸,以不饱和脂肪酸为主,分别为80.36%和79.99%,必需脂肪酸分别为38.80%和37.84%,饱和脂肪酸和脂肪酸的比值分别为4.09和3.99;两者含丰富的矿物质元素和维生素,其中钾元素含量最高,分别为7 286.5 mg/kg和7 399.0 mg/kg,铅、砷、汞元素含量均未超标,符合食用国家安全标准;维生素以B族维生素含量最高,总量分别为5 099.0 mg/kg和5 338.9 mg/kg。综上,黄粉虫具有较高的营养价值,不存在重金属含量超标的风险,具有食用及多途径开发的价值。 相似文献
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饲养密度对黄粉虫幼虫生长发育的影响 总被引:18,自引:0,他引:18
黄粉虫原是一种仓库害虫 ,由于其幼虫、蛹、成虫都含有丰富的蛋白质和多种氨基酸 ,已被作为饲用资源昆虫来开发利用。作为一种群集性的昆虫 ,黄粉虫幼虫的生长受密度影响可分为 2个阶段 ,一是幼虫孵化后 1个月这段时间内 ,高密度处理的幼虫平均体重大于低密度处理的幼虫平均体重 ;二是孵化 1个月后直到化蛹 ,这段时间低密度的幼虫生长要比高密度的幼虫快得多。密度越大 ,历期越长。但密度对化蛹率没有影响。在幼虫生长过程中 ,各处理组中只有 3 2 0头虫密度处理组的幼虫在生长 1个月后显出拥挤效应。 相似文献
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【背景】石油基塑料垃圾污染具有高度的化学惰性而不易分解,严重威胁着生态和海洋环境,筛选其高效降解菌并利用生物法治理塑料污染具有重要意义。【目的】聚苯乙烯是其中一种不能降解且用途广泛的塑料。近期有研究报道黄粉虫幼虫可啮食聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料。本文以啮食聚苯乙烯白色泡沫塑料的黄粉虫幼虫为研究材料,以期从肠道菌群中分离聚苯乙烯降解菌。【方法】分别以聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料与麦麸(对照组)为唯一食物来源饲喂黄粉虫幼虫,经过60 d的驯化,采用多种培养基对幼虫肠道提取液及虫体粪便排泄物进行分离、培养;通过形态学特征观察、扫描电镜与16S rRNA基因、ITS序列分析扩增、测定,根据序列信息构建系统进化树确定菌株的分类地位;将真菌菌种分别接种于加有PS膜片与颗粒的液体培养基中振荡培养,对膜片的力学性能变化进行测定,并对聚苯乙烯颗粒失重率进行计算。【结果】从幼虫粪便中分离的2株好氧菌分别被鉴定为Bacillus anthracis Ames PSI-1和Enterobacter cloacae PSI-2,从肠道中分离的真菌被鉴定为Aspergillus niger KHJ-1;电镜检测PS膜片表面出现大量孔洞,并且膜片疏水性减弱而亲水性增强,膜片的断裂伸长率与拉伸强度等力学性能也显著下降;真菌KHJ-1对PS颗粒的60 d降解测定中,发现PS颗粒由5 g原始重量减少了214.8 mg,失重率为4.29%。【结论】黄粉虫肠道中存在可以降解聚苯乙烯塑料的菌株,具有开发为新型降解聚苯乙烯高分子塑料的潜力。 相似文献
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废弃塑料所产生的“白色污染”对环境造成了严重危害,昆虫取食塑料现象的发现为解决塑料污染问题提供了可能。本研究评估了黄粉虫Tenebrio molitor幼虫对聚苯乙烯(一次性泡沫饭盒)、聚苯乙烯(泡沫板)、聚丙烯(一次性塑料饭盒)和聚乙烯(塑料袋)等四种塑料制品的取食能力,以明确黄粉虫幼虫通过取食降解塑料的可行性。研究结果表明,仅饲喂塑料时,黄粉虫幼虫对聚苯乙烯(一次性泡沫饭盒)的取食量最多,7 d内平均每头幼虫的取食量为465μg;其次为聚苯乙烯(泡沫板)、聚乙烯和聚丙烯,7 d内平均每头幼虫的取食量分别为407μg、153.3μg和49.6μg。而当麦麸存在时黄粉虫幼虫也能够取食塑料,14 d内平均每头幼虫对聚苯乙烯(一次性泡沫饭盒)和聚苯乙烯(泡沫板)的取食量分别为317.1μg和337.6μg。添加麦麸能够显著提高黄粉虫幼虫的存活率,麦麸+聚苯乙烯处理组黄粉虫幼虫在14 d内的存活率(91%)显著高于仅饲喂聚苯乙烯的黄粉虫幼虫(77%)。因此,利用黄粉虫取食聚苯乙烯具有一定的应用前景,即使麦麸存在情况下黄粉虫仍可取食聚苯乙烯。 相似文献
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【目的】筛选出适宜川硬皮肿腿蜂Scleroderma sichuanensis Xiao寄生的黄粉虫Tenebrio molitor饲料配方。【方法】用10种不同蛋白质含量的饲料饲喂黄粉虫,并观察各虫态生长繁殖情况,再用川硬皮肿腿蜂接种各配方黄粉虫蛹后置于培养箱中培养,5 d后计数雌蜂产卵量,并通过显著性分析、相关性分析及一元回归分析进行数据处理。【结果】各配方黄粉虫生长繁殖情况正常,指标间存在一定的显著性和相关性且与一元回归分析所得相关性一致。川硬皮肿腿蜂对黄粉虫蛹寄生率没有显著性,为86.25%~96.97%,表现出较高寄生率。寄生产卵量较高且蛋白质含量为14.09%和13.73%配方组显著高于其他配方组。【结论】黄粉虫饲料中蛋白质含量在14%(13.73%~14.09%)时川硬皮肿腿蜂寄生能力最强。 相似文献
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以黄粉虫(Tenebrio molitor)幼虫全RNA逆转录得到的cDNA为模板,参照地鳖(Eupolyphaga sinensis)纤溶酶(fibrinolytic enzyme)简并引物,进行温度梯度PCR.以得到的扩增产物为基础,采用RACE得到基因全长cDNA,命名为黄粉虫胰蛋白酶样丝氨酸蛋白酶(Tenebrio molitor trypsin-like serine protease,TMTLSP).TMTLSP全长869 bp(GenBank No. JN662461),开放阅读框为777 bp,编码258个氨基酸,并具有蛋白酶样特有的起始位点、活性中心预计底物结合位点.经过比对分析,该基因编码的氨基酸序列与赤拟谷盗、谷蠹、光亮扁角水虻、美洲大蠊等多种昆虫的胰蛋白酶或丝氨酸蛋白酶有较高的相似性.本研究将为胰蛋白酶样丝氨酸蛋白酶的提取及研究提供更为广泛的材料及研究依据. 相似文献