新疆塔里木盆地中部和北部台地上奥陶统良里塔格组岩心中的泡孔目、隐口目和窗孔目苔虫

新疆塔里木盆地奥陶系良里塔格组礁滩相非常发育,部分地区泡孔目、隐口目和窗孔目苔虫化石非常丰富,本文首次系统描述了塔里木盆地巴楚-塔中和塔北碳酸盐台地部分取心井上奥陶统良里塔格组的泡孔目、隐口目和窗孔目苔虫7科11属13种,包括1个新种和6个未定种,分别为Lunaferamita nevadensis Utgaard,L. vesicu-larissp.nov.,L.sp.,Graptodictya meneghinii(Vinassa de Regny),Chazydictya sp.,Rhinidictya nicholsoni Ulrich,Metadictyacf.crassa(Hall),Trigonodictya acuta(Hall),Stictoporella sp.,Chasmatopora spatiosa Ariun-chimeg,Ralfinellasp.,Moyerella sp.,Moorephylloporina sp.。其中,隐口目细枝状的Rhinidictya和网状的Chasmatopora,Moorephylloporina在塔中和巴楚地区横向及纵向地层中分布非常广泛。     

新疆塔里木盆地中部岩心上奥陶统良里塔格组中的变口目苔虫

本文描述了新疆塔里木盆地塔中地区岩心中的上奥陶统良里塔格组的变口目苔虫3科12属16种,包括8个未定种,分别为Prasopora grayae Nicholson et Etheridge,Atactoporella declivis (Hu),Peronopora sp.,Mesotrypa angularis Ul...     

BRYOZOAN MUD-MOUNDS FROM THE UPPER ORDOVICIAN JIFARAH (DJEFFARA) FORMATION OF TRIPOLITANIA, NORTH-WEST LIBYA

Abstract:  A bryozoan fauna from carbonate mud-mounds is described from subsurface well cores from the Upper Ordovician (Lower Ashgill) Jifarah (Djeffara) Formation of Tripolitania, north-west Libya. Among a diverse assemblage dominated by trepostomes, nine species of bryozoans are identified, including Jifarahpora libyensis gen. et sp. nov. Delicate and robust branching, encrusting and nodular bryozoan growth forms are all common. The bryozoan-rich limestones are mostly mudstones and wackestones, with bafflestone and floatstone textures, but the mounds apparently lack organic framework and microbial fabrics. Regional geophysical data indicate rapid thickness changes between wells, where mound complexes locally up to 100 m thick had limited topographic relief over the surrounding sea floor. The mounds formed in a high-latitude, cool-water carbonate belt that extended widely across the northern margin of Gondwana. Quaternary analogues from the Great Australian Bight suggest that these early Ashgill mounds may have developed in slope environments during an episode of glacial lowstand that preceded the late Ashgill, Hirnantian glacial event.     

峡东地区上奥陶统高庙坡组球节子类及其它多节类三叶虫

系统描述湖北宜昌和秭归新滩晚奥陶世庙坡组球接子类及多节类三叶虫动物群中的１４种,分属于９属、７科、。根据化石保存状态、挤压变形以及个体发育特征,对前人所报道的产于本组的有关三叶早作了大量归并、转移和重新厘定,新的材料支持解释Telephiana longicephala的性双形现象。Ａtractopyge系首次在庙坡组中发现,以往它在三峡地区只见于临湘组。文中还将新疆的一个保留命名种Ｌonchodomas cf.yohi重新命名为Ｌonchodomas zhangi sp.nov.。     

塔里木板块塔中区上奥陶统良里塔格组的生物礁类型

塔里木板块塔中Ⅰ号坡折带附近上奥陶统良里塔格组取芯井段中可识别多种生物礁灰岩类型,包括珊瑚骨架/障积岩、海绵骨架/绑结岩、苔藓虫绑结岩、钙藻障积岩、钙质菌藻障积/绑结岩等礁灰岩类,藉此可归纳出珊瑚礁、珊瑚-钙藻礁、层孔虫礁、层孔虫-钙藻礁、珊瑚-层孔虫-钙藻礁、苔藓虫礁丘、钙藻礁丘、灰泥丘和微生物礁等生物建造单元。这些礁体的时空分布模式与古环境分异相关联,纵向上具有灰泥丘向珊瑚-层孔虫-钙藻礁至苔藓虫礁丘和钙藻礁的群落结构更替趋势;空间分布则向台地北缘,即I号坡折带延伸显示由低能带灰泥丘向高能带珊瑚-层孔虫-钙藻礁的相变,而且高能带珊瑚-层孔虫-钙藻主体礁和环其周缘相对低能带的钙藻礁丘、灰泥丘等在一定范围内构成造礁群落结构分异。     

安徽滁州琅琊山下奥陶统弗洛阶(红花园组上部)的苔藓动物

寒武纪没有化石苔藓动物的任何记录.最老的、毫无疑问的、真正的苔藓动物,发现于我国峡东地区的下奥陶统特马豆克阶地层中.这类苔藓动物以丰富但多样性低的变口目和少量的隐口目为代表.弗洛期的一些苔藓动物,在北美,英国和波罗的海地区(俄罗斯西北部)已相继发现,这时以Ceramopora?unapensis为代表的泡孔目苔藓动物开始出现,有一定的多样性.中奥陶世初期,苔藓动物迅速崛起,古生代狭唇纲的四个目--变口目、隐口目、泡孔目和管孔目(=环口目)苔藓动物都已经有了代表.由于奥陶纪是苔藓动物发生、演化发展和辐射的重要时期,因此,奥陶纪,特别是早奥陶世苔藓动物的任何新的发现,都有重要的意义.本文描述和解释的一个新的苔藓动物群,发现于安徽滁州琅琊山弗洛阶的红花园组上部.这个苔藓动物群由变口目爱沙尼亚苔虫亚目的两个种:Dianulites hexaporites(Pander),Orbiramus grandis sp.nov.和隐口目翼网苔虫亚目的一个种:Prophyllodi-ctya putilovensis Lavrentjeva组成.尽管这个苔藓动物群在局部地区可能还是低多样性的,但就整个世界范围而言,有一定的多样性,类似于同样以变口目苔藓动物占优势的比林根苔藓动物群,后一苔藓动物群产于波罗的海以东地区(俄罗斯西北部)同时代的地层中.     

THE TERGOMYAN MOLLUSC CARCASSONNELLA FROM THE UPPER ORDOVICIAN OF GIRVAN, SCOTLAND

Abstract:  The tergomyan genus Carcassonnella Horný and Peel, 1996 is common in and characteristic of the Mediterranean Province in peri-Gondwanan terranes during the late Tremadoc and Arenig. It is united with other small, slit-bearing cyrtonellids in the Carcassonnellidae Horný, 1997 b , of which Baltiscanella Horný, 1997 b from the Arenig of the Oslo Region, Norway, and Sarkanella from the Caradoc of the Siljan District, Sweden has been recognized outside the Mediterranean Province. The most inclusive view of the Carcassonnellidae unites Peelerophon Yochelson, 1982 , Carcassonnella Horný and Peel, 1996 , Sarkanella Horný, 1997 a , Baltiscanella Horný, 1997 b , and Tachillanella Horný, 1997 b . Patterns of distribution of genera in the family are obscured, however, by widely different phylogenetic relationships presented in the literature. Here, Carcassonnella multilineata ( Reed, 1920 ) is documented in the upper Whitehouse and Drummuck subgroups of the Girvan district, Midland Valley of Scotland, being the first record of the genus outside peri-Gondwana. Its enigmatic occurrence on the edge of Laurentia is opposed to the occurrence of low latitude benthic faunas in higher latitudes during this time interval (the Boda Event). It is likely, therefore, that the genus spread from the ancient stock found on the Perunican microcontinent as this drifted away from Gondwana in the mid-Caradoc.     

新疆塔里木塔中井区上奥陶统良里塔格组的生物绑结岩

塔里木板块塔中井区上奥陶统凯迪阶良里塔格组灰岩中底栖固着型的钙质微生物、钙藻以及动物苔藓虫、珊瑚、层孔虫,可通过障积、盖覆和粘结等方式形成多种类型的生物绑结岩。对15口井部分岩芯以常用的绑结岩分类方案作岩石学微相分析,并描记底栖固着型生物颗粒的形成特征。菌藻类可在内碎屑表面以包结方式形成粘结岩;钙藻,特别是分枝状钙藻可形成障积岩;层孔虫可被隐藻层纹包结,也可单独形成小型盖覆岩;床板珊瑚格架岩可大量障积生屑和灰泥基质;苔藓虫在动物格架岩比例上占优,可与菌藻类粘结岩互相包结生长,也可独立形成局部小型障积岩。对比巴楚露头区同期藻丘中的绑结岩特征,显示塔中良里塔格组代表晚奥陶世由高生物多样性形成的礁滩复合体生态群落。     

上扬子区奥陶系Nemagraptus gracilis 笔石带的几丁虫

作者系统描述了在重庆城口廖子口和宜昌分乡普溪河奥陶系庙坡组Nemagraptusgracilis笔石带中发现的几丁虫化石,共7属9种。由于此前对该层位的几丁虫研究较少,因此本次所发现的几丁虫化石具有重要的生物地层意义。     

塔里木塔中油田上奥陶统良里塔格组滩相

塔里木板块塔中井区上奥陶统凯迪阶良里塔格组的沉积序列由碳酸盐岩台地区礁滩复合体灰岩构成,显示晚奥陶世由高生物多样性形成的暖水浅海域生态组合。根据滩相灰岩的颗粒组成,可次分为生屑为主、生屑-内碎屑混合、内碎屑为主的三大类型,其中灰泥充填和亮晶方解石胶结均有。部分滩相是礁相单元的近源沉积,而内碎屑和生屑经各种营力改造后多以不同比例混合独立形成滩相。滩中的颗粒粒径一般多小于厘米级,仅部分核形石、珊瑚等颗粒可达到砾级,这些滩多堆积于最大风暴浪基面之上的深度。     

新疆塔里木盆地北部晚奥陶世中期介形类

本文记述的介形类化石采自塔里木盆地北部柯坪地区大湾沟剖面坎岭组,共计8属14种。其中包括2新种和3未定种。Thrallella.Octonaria,Predarwinula三属为本介形类组合最为重要且最具特色的分子。据此推测,坎岭组时代为晚奥陶世中期(Caradocian)。     

STROPHOMENIDE BRACHIOPODS FROM THE CHANGWU FORMATION (LATE KATIAN, LATE ORDOVICIAN) OF CHUN'AN, WESTERN ZHEJIANG, SOUTH-EAST CHINA

Abstract:  Late Ordovician strophomenide brachiopods (superfamilies Strophomenoidea and Plectambonitoidea) from the upper Changwu Formation (mid Ashgill, late Katian) of Jianglütang, Chun'an County, western Zhejiang Province, consist of ten genera and 12 species. Five new species of three new genera are recognized: Chunanomena triporcata , Chunanomena sembellina , Cheramomena subsolana , Lateriseptomena modesta , and Lateriseptomena rugosa . The strophomenide brachiopods from the upper Katian strata described in this study and those from the border region of Zhejiang and Jiangxi provinces reported in previous work contain 16 strophomenoid and 12 plectambonitoid genera, and most of the strophomenoids are endemic to South China. Numerical analysis of well-documented late Katian strophomenide brachiopod faunas indicates a strong provincialism, characterized by the highly distinct North American province (Laurentia), the South China-Kazakhstan province, and the Avalonia-Baltica province (Wales, Belgium and Sweden). Surprisingly, the Girvan district of Scotland, which was a peri-Laurentian terrane during the Ordovician, contains a late Katian brachiopod fauna that is more closely related to the contemporaneous brachiopods of Avalonia-Baltica than to those of North America.     

江苏仑山地区上奥陶统五峰组放射虫动物群及其地质意义

五峰组以盛产笔石动物群著称,时代为凯迪晚期(相当于英国的阿什极尔期),其中也发现了放射虫.该时期的放射虫在全球并不多见.本文首次描述江苏句容仑山地区五峰组的放射虫动物群,该动物群以不具刺的球形放射虫最为发育,并出现少量Inaniguttidae科的分子,化石保存较差,属种单调,分异度很低,这些特点与大西洋沿岸地区陆表海...     

浙江常山辉埠上奥陶统三衢山组钙藻化石一新种

本文阐述了ＣａｌｉｆｏｒｎｉｅｌｌａＰｏｎｃｅｔ,１９８７与ＤａｓｙｐｏｅｌｌａＳｔｏｌｌｅｙ,１８９３两属之间的关系,并描述了浙江省常山县辉埠地区上奥陶统三衢山组上段钙藻化石一新种Ｃａｌｉｆｏｒｎｉｅｌｌａｈｕｉｂｕｅｎｓｉｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,其与ＣａｌｉｆｏｒｎｉｅｌｌａｐｏｔｔｅｒｉＰｏｎｃｅｔ,１９８７的区别在于前者叶状体较小,皮层薄,＂中央茎＂和边缘细胞较大。     

江西玉山祝宅上奥陶统下镇组蓝细菌化石及其古环境意义

江西玉山祝宅上奥陶统下镇组发育一层珊瑚生物层,是扬子板块奥陶纪以珊瑚为主的生物碳酸盐岩建造的典型代表,其形成的水深一直缺乏有效的限定。本文研究首次在该珊瑚层中发现蓝细菌,包括Girvanella和Rothpletzella。蓝细菌生活的水体深度不超过50 m,从而将该珊瑚生物层形成时的水体深度限定在50 m以内。珊瑚生物层的下伏灰岩地层产出大型腕足动物,但属种单调,不产任何珊瑚。本文研究在该层灰岩中发现的蓝细菌Hedstroemia和Garwoodia,是两个典型的潟湖相蓝细菌,因此推测该层灰岩中珊瑚的缺失不是因为水太深,而是因为环境的局限。该剖面下部有一套与页岩互层的灰岩,以前被认为是深水相的,但这次在其中发现了蓝细菌Acuasiphonoria,因此也应该是浅水相的。     

上扬子区奥陶纪三叶虫属Hexacopyge的新材料

描述上扬子区鄂西和湘西中及晚奥陶世桨肋虫类三叶虫Hexacopyge的 5个种 ,包括 2新种 ,即H .turbiniformis和H .yichangensis;讨论Hexacopyge的定义及其与相关属的关系。Hexacopyge在区内分布广、演化快 。     

新疆塔里木盆地塔中中2井上奥陶统牙形刺化石及生物礁发育时代

首次在新疆塔里木盆地塔中地区中2井上奥陶统良里塔格组礁岩中发现保存精美的牙形刺化石,包括6属13种和未定种,含一个新亚种Belodina longxianensis minor subsp.nov.。根据牙形刺化石确定,良里塔格组上部属于上奥陶统中部的Belodina confluens带。中2井良里塔格组第2—4层生物礁发育的精确时代是Belodina confluens带。     

峡东地区庙坡组栉虫类、宝石虫类和斜视虫类三叶虫

系统描述湖北宜昌和秭归新滩晚奥陶世庙坡组三叶虫动物群中的３科６属６种。根据化石保存状态,挤压变形以及个体发育特征,对前人所报道的产于同一层位的有并三叶虫的研究成果作了重新厘定。     

重庆城口大塘口下奥陶统红花园组和湄潭组下部的几丁虫

文中图示和描述了重庆城口大塘口奥陶系红花园组和湄潭组下部营盘段的几丁虫计 6属, 17种。其中包括 7个未定种和 3个新种 (Conochitinadatangkouensissp. nov., C. wengxigouensissp. nov., Rhabdochitinachenk ouensesp. nov. )。讨论了几丁虫的地理和地层分布特点及其与笔石生物带的关系,阐明了红花园组和湄潭组下部营盘段不同笔石带(A. filiformis, D. bifidus和A. suecicus笔石带)中几丁虫的组合特征,并与国外同期地层几丁虫组合进行了对比。     

SILICIFIED RHYNCHONELLIFORM BRACHIOPODS FROM THE KUNIUTAN FORMATION (DARRIWILIAN: MIDDLE ORDOVICIAN), GUIYANG, SOUTH CHINA

Abstract: A silicified brachiopod fauna from the Middle Ordovician Kuniutan Formation (lower–middle Darriwilian, i.e. uppermost Arenig to lower Llanvirn) at Wudang, Guiyang, central Guizhou, South China, includes abundant specimens of Yangtzeella, Orthambonites and Leptellina together with common Parisorthis, Saucrorthis, rare Anomalorthis?, Hemipronites?, Leptestia? and, significantly, Aporthophyla; associated are rare trilobites, gastropods, crinoids and nautiloids. The Yangtzeella kueiyangensis‐Orthambonites delicata Association is defined for this shallow‐water, Benthic Assemblage 3, association. This first record of Aporthophyla in South China may indicate a link between South China and the Toquima‐Table Head Province, where the Aporthophyla fauna is more typically developed. However, this association is significantly different from the latter in having three endemic genera, Yangtzeella, Saucrorthis and Parisorthis, rare numbers of Aporthophyla and Anomalorthis?, and the absence of many other typical elements of the Aporthophyla fauna. The occurrence of Orthambonites, Hemipronites? and Leptestia? suggests some relationships between South China and the Baltic Platform during the Mid Ordovician. The various brachiopod associations bearing Aporthophyla may be quite different in nature, composition and diversity, and may possess different background palaeobiogeographical signatures. The assemblages containing Aporthophyla in South China, Qaidam, Malaysia, Australia and possibly Tibet are clearly different biogeographically from those associated with the Toquima‐Table Head and the Celtic provinces. Two new species, Aporthophyla sinensis sp. nov. and Leptellina orientalis sp. nov. are described.