鸟巢蕨的组织培养

1植物名称鸟巢蕨(Asplenium nidus)又名山苏花、雀巢蕨、雀巢养齿. 2材料类别孢子. 3培养条件孢子萌发及原叶体形成的培养基:(1)MS0.丛芽分化及增殖培养基:(2)MS 6-BA0.5 mg·L-1(单位下同) IBA 0.2;(3)MS 6-BA0.4 NAA0.2;(4)MS 6-BA 1.0;(5)MS 6-BA2.0;(6)MS NAA 0.2.诱导生根培养基:(7)1/2MS NAA 0.5;(8)1/2MS IBA 0.3 NAA 0.5;(9)1/2MS NAA 1.0.上述培养基pH均为5.8,加入30 g·L-1蔗糖、7 g·L-1琼脂.培养温度为(25±2)℃,光照度1 000～1 500lx,光照时间为10 h·d-1.     

喜树不定芽的诱导及植株再生

1植物名称喜树(Camptotheca acuminate),别名旱莲木. 2材料类别一年生喜树带芽茎段. 3培养条件芽诱导培养基:(1)MS NAA 0.05mg·L-1(单位下同) 6-BA 1.0.芽增殖培养基:(2)MS NAA 0.1 6-BA 0.5;(3)MS NAA 0.1 6-BA 1.0;(4)MS NAA 0.1 6-BA 2.0;(5)MS NAA0.5 6-BA 0.5;(6)MS NAA 0.5 6-BA 1.0;(7)MS NAA 0.5 6-BA 2.0.壮苗培养基:(8)MS NAA 0.05 6-BA 0.1～0.5.生根培养基:(9)1/2MS NAA 0.1 IBA 1.0;(10)1/2MS NAA 0.5 IBA1.0;(11)1/2MS NAA 1.0 IBA 1.0.以上所有培养基均附加6.5 g·L-1琼脂、30 g·L-1蔗糖,pH值为5.9.培养温度为(25±2)℃,光照度为1000～2000lx,光照时间14 h·d-1.     

小报春的组织培养和植株再生

1植物名称小报春(Primula forbesii Franch.). 2材料类别幼嫩叶片. 3培养条件基本培养基为MS.丛生芽诱导和增殖培养基:(1)MS 6-BA 0.2 mg·L-1(单位下同) NAA 0.05;(2)MS 6-BA 0.5 NAA 0.05;(3)MS 6-BA 1 NAA 0.05;(4)MS 6-BA 2 NAA 0.05;(5)MS 6-BA 0.2 NAA 0.1;(6)MS 6-BA 0.5 NAA 0.1;(7)MS 6-BA 1 NAA 0.1;(8)MS 6-BA2 NAA 0.1;(9)MS 6-BA 0.2 NAA 0.5;(10)MS 6-BA 0.5 NAA 0.5;(11)MS 6-BA 1 NAA 0.5;(12)MS 6-BA 2 NAA 0.5.生根培养基:(13)MS;(14)MS NAA 0.05;(15)MS NAA 0.1;(16)MS NAA 0.2;(17)MS NAA 0.5.上述培养基加30g·L-1蔗糖和4.5 g·L-1琼脂,pH 5.6～5.8.培养温度控制在(24±2)℃,黑暗培养30 d后,置于光强为30～40 μmol·m2·s-1下培养,光照时间10 h·d-1.     

爱沙木的组织培养和快速繁殖

1植物名称爱沙木(Eremophila bignoniiflora). 2材料类别无菌萌发的无根种子苗. 3培养条件种子萌发培养基:(1)MS 6-BA 1.0mg·L-1(单位下同) NAA 0.1.分化培养基:(2)MS 6-BA 2.0 NAA 0.1;(3)MS 6-BA 0.5 NAA0.1;(4)MS 6-BA 2.0 IBA 0.01;(5)MS 6-BA0.5 IBA 0.01.壮苗培养基:(6)MS.生根培养基:(7)1/2MS NAA 0.1 1%活性炭;(8)1/2MS NAA0.2 1%活性炭;(9)1/2MS IBA 0.01 1%活性炭;(10)1/2MS IBA 0.02 1%活性炭.以上除生根培养基加入20g·L-1蔗糖外均加入30 g·L-1蔗糖、7g·L-1琼脂,pH 5.6～5.8.光照12 h·d-1,光照度1 500～2000 lx,培养温度23～25℃.     

五桠果的组织培养和快速繁殖

1植物名称五桠果(Dillenia indica). 2材料类别实生苗茎尖. 3培养条件无菌播种培养基:(1)MS 6-BA 0.2 mg·L-1(单位下同);(2)MS NAA 0.01;(3)MS.不定芽诱导及增殖培养基:(4)MS 6-BA 2.0 NAA 0.2 椰子汁10 mL·L-1;(5)MS 6-BA 1.0 NAA 0.1 椰子汁10 mL·L-1;(6)MS 6-BA 0.5 NAA 0.1 椰子汁10 mL·L-1.壮苗培养基:(7)MS 6-BA 0.3 NAA0.01 椰子汁10 ml·L-1.生根培养基:(8)MS NAA0.2 IBA 2.0:(9)MS NAA 0.1 IBA 0.1;(10)MS IBA 0.5.以上培养基均含30 g·L-1蔗糖、琼脂6.7 g·L-1,pH 5.5～5.8.培养温度(28±2)℃,光照度1 500～2 000 lx,光照12 h·-1.     

红玫瑰木的离体快繁

1植物名称红玫瑰木(Ochrosia cocfnea). 2材料类别实生苗茎尖. 3培养条件无菌播种培养基:(1)MS 6-BA 0.1 mg·L-1(单位下同);(2)MS.不定芽诱导及增殖培养基:(3)MS 6-BA 3.0 NAA 0.3;(4)MS 6-BA2.0 NAA 0.2;(5)MS 6-BA 2.0 NAA 0.2 蔗糖40g·L-1;(6)MS 6-BA 1.0 NAA 0.1.壮苗培养基:(7)MS 6-BA 0.3 NAA 0.01 椰子汁10 mL·L-1.生根培养基:(8)MS NAA 0.2 IBA 2.0;(9)MS NAA 0.2 IBA 1.0;(10)1/2MS NAA 0.2 IBA2.0;(11)MS NAA 0.5.以上培养基除已注明的外均含30 g·L-1蔗糖、琼脂6.7 g·L-1,pH 5.5～5.8.培养温度(28±2)℃,光照度1 500～2 000 lx,光照时间12 h·d-1.     

菩提树的组织培养及快速繁殖

1植物名称菩提树(Ficus religiosa L.). 2材料类别由叶子愈伤组织诱导的无菌苗. 3培养条件愈伤组织诱导及分化培养基:(1)MS 6-BA 1 mg·L-1(单位下同) NAA 0.1;(2)MS 6-BA2 NAA 0.1.增殖培养基:(3)MS 6-BA 2 NAA 0.05;(4)MS 6-BA 2 NAA 0.1;(5)MS 6-BA 0.2 NAA 0.1;(6)MS 6-BA 2 NAA 0.5 0.3%活性炭(AC).生根培养基:(7)MS NAA 0.5;(8)MS NAA 0.1 0.3?.以上培养基中均附加白糖3%和琼脂8%～10%,pH 5.8～6.0.培养温度为(25±2)℃,光照时间16 h·d-1,光强20～30μmol·m-2·s-1.     

海南降香黄檀的离体培养和植株再生

1植物名称海南降香黄檀(Dalbergia hainanensisMerr.et Chun). 2材料类别顶芽和茎段. 3培养条件诱导侧芽分化培养基:(1)MS 6-BA2.0 mg·L-1(单位下同) KT 0.1;(2)MS 6-BA 0.1 KT2.0;(3)MS 6-BA 1.0 KT 0.1 NAA 0.1;(4)MS 6-BA 3.0 KT 0.5 NAA 0.1;(5)1/2MS 6-BA 2.0 KT0.1;(6)1/2MS 活性炭10%.芽增殖培养基:(7)MS 6-BA 1.0;(8)MS 6-BA 0.1 KT 2.0;(9)MS 6-BA 1.0 KT 0.1;(10)MS 6-BA 3.0 KT 0.5;(11)1/2MS 6-BA 2.0;(12)1/2MS KT 1.0.壮苗培养基:(13)MS 5%(体积比)椰子乳.生根培养基:(14)1/4MS NAA 2.0 活性炭10%;(15)1/3MS NAA 2.0 活性炭10%;(16)1/2MS NAA 2.0 活性炭10%.以上培养基的pH均为6.0,卡拉胶为0.5%,蔗糖浓度(1)～(12)为3.0%,其余为2.0%.培养的光强为24μmol·m-2·s-1,12 h·d-1连续光照,温度为24～26℃.壮苗和生根培养的光强为40μmol·m-2·s-1,24 h·d-1连续光照.     

速生欧美黑杨愈伤组织诱导及植株再生

1植物名称速生欧美黑杨(Populus euramericana). 2材料类别一年生幼嫩的健壮枝条. 3培养条件基本培养基为MS培养基.愈伤组织诱导及芽分化培养基:(1)MS 6-BA 0.3 mg·L-1(单位下同) NAA 0.01;(2)MS 6-BA 0.5 NAA 0.03;(3)MS 6-BA 1.5 NAA 0.3;(4)MS KT 0.5 NAA0.03;(5)MS KT 1.0 NAA 0.2;(6)MS 6-BA 0.5 2,4-D 0.3;(7)MS 6-BA 0.3 IAA 0.5;(8)MS 6-BA 0.3 IBA 0.5.芽继代增殖培养基:(9)MS 6-BA 1.0 NAA 0.1;(10)MS 6-BA 1.0 NAA0.1 GA32.0.生根培养基:(11)MS IBA 2.0.以上培养基中的蔗糖除生根培养基加30 g·L-1外,均附加40 g·L-1,琼脂6 g·L-1.培养温度(25±2)℃,光照12 h·d-1,光照度1500 lx.     

十萼花组织培养与快速繁殖

1植物名称十萼花(Dientcdon sinicus),别名十齿花. 2材料类别成年树带叶柄的叶片、腋芽. 3培养条件(1)叶片诱导丛生芽培养基:MS 6-BA1.0～2.0 mg·L-1(单位下同) NAA 0.1;(2)腋芽诱导丛生芽培养基:MS 6-BA 1.0 NAA 0.2;(3)继代培养基:MS 6-BA 0.5 NAA 0.1;(4)生根培养基:1/2MS IBA1.0 NAA 0.1.所有培养基均附加0.8%琼脂和3%的蔗糖,pH 5.8～6.0.培养温度(23±1)℃,光照度2000 lx左右,光照时间12 h·d-1.     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Principles of organization and evolution of systems of regulation of functions

Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms. The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning of physiological systems and organs of the living organism