Cu~(2 )作用下辣椒膜脂过氧化及倍半萜环化酶基因转录

分析了在ＣｕＣｌ２作用下辣椒叶片倍半萜环化酶活性、倍半萜环化酶ｍＲＮＡ表达、细胞ＧＳ Ｈ和ＧＳＳＧ代谢及膜脂过氧化。结果表明,Ｃｕ２＋能诱导辣椒叶片表达倍半萜环化酶活性,酶活性的表达与相应的基因转录有关。辣椒叶片在ＣｕＣｌ２作用下合成了含－ＳＨ的螯合肽,相应地ＧＳＨ含量下降,ＧＳＳＧ的含量有所上升,细胞膜脂过氧化作用加剧。推测细胞膜脂过氧化产物或ＧＳＨ氧化产物可能参与了ＣｕＣｌ２诱导辣椒倍半萜环化酶基因表达的信号传递作用。     

EGTA和La3+对几种逆境诱导辣椒样半萜 环化酶基因表达的影响

用钙离子螯合剂EGTA及细胞膜钙离子通道拮抗剂La     

EGTA和La~(3 )对几种逆境诱导辣椒样半萜环化酶基因表达的影响

用钙离子螯合剂EGTA及细胞膜钙离子通道拮抗剂La3 预处理辣椒叶片 ,以破坏辣椒叶片中的钙信使系统 ,再用紫外线、CuCl2 、HgCl2 处理辣椒叶片 ,研究表明EGTA和La3 预处理未能降低CuCl2 、HgCl2 、UV诱导辣椒倍半萜环化酶活化的作用 ,EGTA预处理反而对CuCl2 、HgCl2 、UV的诱导辣椒倍半萜环化酶活性作用有一定的促进效应 .单独用EGTA处理也能诱导离体辣椒叶片表现出倍半萜环化酶活性 .NorthenBlot分析结果表明 ,EGTA能诱导辣椒倍半萜环化酶基因转录 .研究表明 ,在辣椒倍半萜环化酶基因表达过程中 ,还存在钙信使系统以外的信号传递途径 ;非生物诱发因子对倍半萜环化酶基因表达诱导作用与生物Elicitor的诱导作用在信号传递上有差异 .     

Cu2+作用下辣椒膜脂过氧化及倍半萜环化酶基因转录

分析了在CuCl2作用下辣椒叶片倍半萜环化酶活性,倍半萜环化酶mRNA表达,细胞GSH和GSSG代谢及膜脂过氧化,结果表明,Cu^2 能诱导辣椒叶片表达倍半萜环化酶活性,酶活性的表达与相应的基因转录有关,辣椒叶片在CuCl2作用下合成了含－SH的螯合肽,相应地GSH含量下降,GSSG的含量有所上升,细胞膜过氧化作用加剧,推测细胞膜脂过氧化产物或GSH氧化产物可能参与了CuCl2诱导辣椒倍半萜环化酶基因表达的信号传递作用。     

EGTA和La3+对几种逆境诱导辣椒样半萜环化酶基因表达的影响

用钙离子螯合剂EGTA及细胞膜钙离子通道拮抗剂La³⁺预处理辣椒叶片,以破坏辣椒叶片中的钙信使系统,再用紫外线、CuCl₂、HgCl₂处理辣椒叶片,研究表明EGTA和La³⁺预处理未能降低CuCl₂、HgCl₂、UV诱导辣椒倍半萜环化酶活化的作用,EGTA预处理反而对CuCl₂、HgCl₂、UV的诱导辣椒倍半萜环化酶活性作用有一定的促进效应.单独用EGTA处理也能诱导离体辣椒叶片表现出倍半萜环化酶活性.Northen Blot分析结果表明,EGTA能诱导辣椒倍半萜环化酶基因转录.研究表明,在辣椒倍半萜环化酶基因表达过程中,还存在钙信使系统以外的信号传递途径;非生物诱发因子对倍半萜环化酶基因表达诱导作用与生物Elicitor的诱导作用在信号传递上有差异.     

水杨酸对黄瓜叶片抗氧化剂酶系的调节作用

分析了水杨酸（ＳＡ）对黄瓜（ＣｕｃｕｍｉｓｓａｔｉｖｕｓＬ．）叶片抗氧化剂酶系活性及活性氧水平的调节作用。不同浓度的ＳＡ（０．５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ、１ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ、２．５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ、５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）均能显著地提高被处理叶片超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）和过氧化物酶（ＰＯＤ）活性,而且还能诱导同株的非处理叶片中ＳＯＤ和ＰＯＤ活性增加。用１ｍｍｏｌ／ＬＳＡ处理第一片真叶,在处理后６～７２ｈ,ＰＯＤ活性增加了２２％～６７％,同株非处理的第二片真叶ＰＯＤ活性增加了１４％～８６％,但是,在ＳＡ处理后３ｈ之前以及处理９６ｈ之后,ＰＯＤ活性没有变化。ＳＡ能够显著降低超氧物阴离子含量和提高过氧化氢水平,但它对过氧化氢酶（ＣＡＴ）活性的抑制作用很弱,表明ＳＡ提高体内过氧化氢含量的原因主要是通过提高ＳＯＤ活性而不是抑制ＣＡＴ活性。同工酶分析表明,ＳＡ不能诱导新的ＳＯＤ同工酶,但可以诱导新的ＰＯＤ同工酶。     

外源水杨酸对盐胁迫下珙桐幼苗抗氧化系统和基因表达的影响

通过对珙桐(Davidia involucrata)幼苗进行水杨酸(SA)处理,探讨在盐胁迫下SA对珙桐叶片膜脂过氧化程度、活性氧(ROS)积累、抗氧化酶活性、抗氧化剂含量等生理指标及基因表达的影响。结果表明：施用2 mmol·L^-1的SA可以显著降低盐胁迫下珙桐幼苗的相对电导率,抑制丙二醛(MDA)和ROS的积累,提高相对含水量、抗氧化酶(SOD、POD和APX)活性以及谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量。施用SA导致盐胁迫下2 581个珙桐基因表达发生变化,其中1 516个上调表达,1 065个下调表达。KEGG分析发现,差异表达基因富集在包括苯丙烷类生物合成在内的9条通路。此外,转录组与实时荧光定量PCR结果均显示,在盐胁迫条件下,转录因子基因DiWRKY40、DiNAC25、DiMYB4和DiMYB86的表达受到SA的显著诱导。研究表明,外源SA可在盐胁迫下刺激珙桐幼苗产生逆境应答,引起基因表达发生变化,进而缓解盐胁迫对珙桐幼苗的伤害。     

玉米不同组织过氧化氢酶水杨酸敏感性的差异和外源水杨酸处理提高 …

水杨酸（ｓａｌｉｃｙｌｉｃａｃｉｄ,ＳＡ）介导的植物抗病反应不仅要求高水平的水杨酸,而且要求有效的ＳＡ信号传导机制或途径,研究结果表明,玉米（ＺｅａｍａｙｓＬ．）植株的内源ＳＡ水平低,不同玉米组织的过氧化氢酶表现出对ＳＡ敏感性的差异,玉米叶的过氧化氢酶活性对ＳＡ敏感,而玉米根的过氧化氢酶活性对ＳＡ很不敏感,玉米过氧化氢酶同功酶基因的表达呈组织特异性,在玉米叶片内存在一个类似烟草和拟南芥的有效信号感     

水杨酸对水稻防卫反应酶系的系统诱导（简报）

经 10 .0 μg·ml-1水杨酸 (SA)喷雾处理后稻苗叶片中苯丙氨酸解氨酶 (PAL)、过氧化物酶 (PO)和多酚氧化酶 (PPO)活性都迅速增强 ,处理后 12～ 2 4h达到高峰。未经SA处理的叶片中PAL、PO和PPO酶活性则在处理后 4 8h达到高峰 ,且活性增加明显低于SA处理的叶片。处理和未处理叶片中木质素含量都迅速增加。这些生理指标的时序变化与SA诱导稻苗抗白叶枯病的表现基本吻合。     

牛樟芝倍半萜合酶基因克隆及在不同培养基中的表达

牛樟芝(Antrodia camphorata)是一种珍稀食药用菌,能产生具有抗癌活性的倍半萜类化合物。对牛樟芝基因组进行分析,获得倍半萜合酶基因序列并设计特异引物,提取在Glu培养基(麦芽浸粉6 g/L,酵母提取物3 g/L,葡萄糖40 g/L)上生长的牛樟芝菌丝体的RNA,利用RT-PCR技术克隆得到倍半萜合酶基因AcTPS1。AcTPS1基因c DNA全长为969 bp,编码323个氨基酸,根据系统进化树可知AcTPS1氨基酸序列与其他9种真菌倍半萜合酶聚为一类。AcTPS1拥有典型倍半萜合酶的结构域(RRSRSATAEAYACFIW),之后检测AcTPS1在不同培养基上的菌丝中的表达结果显示不同碳源中,只有葡萄糖作为碳源时该基因表达,不同氮源中,以番茄浸粉和酪蛋白胨为氮源时该基因表达。说明AcTPS1是一类诱导型表达的基因。为利用发酵培养以及异源表达手段获得牛樟芝活性化合物提供参考。     

Role of salicylic acid in regulating ultraviolet radiation-induced oxidative stress in pepper leaves

The effect of salicylic acid (SA) counteracting the UV-A, UV-B, and UV-C-induced action on pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) plants was studied. For this purpose, the activities of antioxidant enzymes (peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, and glutathione reductase) were measured. Plants were sprayed with SA and treated with UV-A (320–390 nm), UV-B (312 nm), and UV-C (254 nm) radiation with a density of 6.1, 5.8, and 5.7 W/m². The activities of antioxidant enzymes were enhanced in leaves in response to UV-B and UV-C radiation. SA treatment moderated an increase in the activities of some antioxidant enzymes (peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, and glutathione reductase) in plants that were treated with UV radiation. The activity of antioxidant enzyme polyphenol oxidase in plants that were treated with UV-B, UV-C, and SA was significantly increased. The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible protective effect of SA treatment on UV-A, UV-B, and UV-C stress.     

Induction of an anionic peroxidase in cowpea leaves by exogenous salicylic acid

Two isoperoxidases were detected in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) leaves. Treatment of the primary leaves with 10mM salicylic acid increased the total peroxidase activity contributed by the anionic isoform. To isolate both the anionic and cationic peroxidases the leaf crude extract was loaded on a Superose 12 HR 10/30 column followed by chromatography on Mono-Q HR 5/5. Both enzymes were stable in a pH range from 5 to 7. The optimum-temperatures for the cationic and anionic peroxidase isoforms were, respectively, 20-30 degrees C and 30 degrees C. The dependence of guaiacol oxidation rate varying its concentration at constant H(2)O(2) concentration showed, for both enzymes, Michaelis-Menten-type kinetic. Apparent K(m)(s) were 0.8 and 4.8 microM for the cationic and anionic isoperoxidases, respectively.     

Induction of pilocarpine formation in jaborandi leaves by salicylic acid and methyljasmonate

Jaborandi seedlings were subjected to different treatments in order to study the induction of pilocarpine in the leaves. In addition four extraction methods were assessed to extract the alkaloid from dried leaves. The highest yielding extraction and recovery was observed when dried leaves were first treated with base and then extracted with chloroform. Salt stress (NaCl), wounding, hypoxia, and N and K omission of the nutrient soln caused reductions in pilocarpine contents. Whereas complete nutrient soln and P omission maintained normal levels of the alkaloid. Salicylic acid and methyljasmonate induced a 4-fold increase of pilocarpine, but this increase was dependent on the concentration and time after exposure.     

Determination of acetylsalicylic acid and salicylic acid in skin and plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography

This study describes a HPLC method to determine the concentrations of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and salicylic acid (SA) in human stratum corneum and in plasma. The stratum corneum layers for ASA/SA analysis were removed from three patients with postherpetic hyperalgesia treated with topical and oral aspirin. Blood samples were also collected from the same patients. Tape strippings were placed in acetonitrile and sonicated for 15 min. After centrifuging, aliquots of the supernatant were injected into the chromatograph. ASA and SA from plasma samples were extracted on Isolute C₈ columns. Due to interfering peaks in the tape samples, HPLC conditions were slightly different for tape and plasma samples. ASA and SA were separated on a LiChrospher 100 RP-18 column at 1 ml/min using a water–phosphate buffer (pH 2.5)–acetonitrile mobile phase (35:40:25, v/v/v). A linear response to quantities of ASA from 0.1 to 100 μg/cm² and of SA from 0.1 to 5 μg/cm² in tape and to quantities of ASA 0.1 to 2 μg/ml and 1 to 50 μg/ml was obtained and the recovery from tape and plasma samples was over 98%. The method is sensitive (0.1 μg/cm²) and specific enough to allow the determination of the drugs in the skin not only after topical but also after oral administration. A good sensitivity was also obtained in plasma (0.1 μg/ml) allowing study of the kinetics of ASA and SA in plasma after oral administration. Concentrations of ASA after topical administration were 100–200 times higher than after oral administration. Plasma levels of ASA and SA after oral administration were similar to those previously found. No ASA or SA were detected in plasma after topical ASA administration.     

Interactive effects of salicylic acid and silicon on oxidative damage and antioxidant activity in spinach (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Spinacia oleracea</Emphasis> L. cv. Matador) grown under boron toxicity and salinity

We investigated individual and combined effects of salinity, soil boron (B), silicon (Si) and salicylic acid (SA) on the activities of major antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT and ascorbate peroxidase, APX) and non-enzymatic antioxidants (AA), proline, chlorophyll, anthocyanin, H₂O₂ concentration, stomatal resistance (SR), lipid peroxidation (MDA), membrane permeability (MP), and the uptake of sodium (Na), chloride (Cl), boron and Si of spinach plants. In general, salinity significantly increased H₂O₂ and proline concentrations, antioxidant activity, membrane permeability, lipid peroxidation and SR of the spinach plants, indicating that they were stressed, whereas application of B only increased proline concentration. However, plant fresh weights did not decline with either treatment. The application of Si decreased H₂O₂ and increased the activity of SOD and CAT. The application of SA increased SOD activity. Neither SA nor Si had any effect on the proline concentration, or MP. However, application of Si increased chlorophyll concentration and decreased lipid peroxidation (MDA concentration). Si treatment had no effect on SR. The concentration of B in the tissues, which was strongly increased by B treatment, was decreased by NaCl. As a result of salinity, concentrations of Na⁺ and Cl⁻ ions were increased in the plant tissues, and application of Si slightly increased these concentrations. These results indicate that exogenous Si application increases stress tolerance of spinach, a plant that is naturally reasonably resistant to combined salinity and B toxicity, by the enhancement of antioxidant mechanisms that reduce membrane damage. Exogenous SA has a less obvious effect, although the levels of salinity and boron stress applied were not sufficient in this experiment to reduce plant fresh weight.     

Induction of lincomycin and streptomycin resistance by nitrosomethylurea and ethyl methanesulphonate in Capsicum annuum L.

A high frequency of plastid-encoded antibiotic-resistant variants of Capsicum annuum were isolated on selective media following treatment by ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS) and nitrosomethylurea (NMU). Seeds and explants were mutagenized with 0.1% EMS and 5 mm NMU separately. Non-mutagenized cotyledons (controls), mutagenized cotyledons from EMS-treated seedlings and NMU-treated cotyledons were placed on regeneration medium supplemented with the antibiotics streptomycin or lincomycin. Resistant shoots appeared at a high frequency in mutagenized cotyledons, whereas in controls morphogenesis was suppressed, accompanied by bleaching. The stability of streptomycin and lincomycin resistance was confirmed by leaf assay. NMU-treated cotyledons gave a higher frequency of variants than cotyledons from EMS-treated seedlings. The mutagenic effect of EMS was more pronounced using whole seeds rather than cotyledons; in contrast, NMU was more effective in inducing variations in cotyledons than in seeds. Received: 1 October 1996 / Revision received: 12 May 1997 / Accepted: 3 June 1997     

Determination of aspirin and salicylic acid in transdermal perfusates

A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of aspirin and salicylic acid in transdermal perfusates. The compounds were separated on a C₈ Nucleosil column (5 μm, 250×4.6 mm) using a mobile phase containing a mixture of water–acetonitrile–orthophosphoric acid (650:350:2, v/v/v) and a flow-rate of 1 ml/min. The transdermal samples were in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and could be injected directly onto the HPLC system. The method was reproducible with inter-day R.S.D. values of no greater than 3.46 and 2.60% for aspirin and salicylic acid, respectively. The method was linear over the concentration range 0.2–5.0 μg/ml and had a limit of detection of 0.05 μg/ml for both compounds. For certain samples, it was necessary to ensure that no transmembrane leakage of the aspirin prodrugs had occurred. In these cases, a gradient was introduced by increasing the acetonitrile content of the mobile phase after the salicylic acid had eluted. The method has been applied to the determination of aspirin and salicylic acid in PBS following in vitro application of the compounds to mouse skin samples.