元宝槭潜叶叶蜂生物学特性及防治的研究

元宝槭潜叶叶蜂1988年首次发现于山东泰山．一年发生1代,以6龄老熟幼虫在地下土茧内滞育越夏、越冬．平均发育历期,卵7．3天,幼虫23．4天。蛹21天．翌年5月化蛹、羽化．该虫发生量与气候条件紧密相关．幼虫期可用50％久效磷乳油2000倍液．40％氧化乐果乳油1400倍液喷冠防治,效果可达90％以上;用以上两种药剂的原液树干打孔防治效果均在90％以上;用40％氧化乐果乳油5倍藏树干涂环防治效果可达90％．     

日本三节叶蜂的研究

日本三节叶蜂,以幼虫为害月季叶片形成孔洞和缺刻,严重时仅留叶柄和主脉,单株花量明显下降,严重影响美观,并降低经济价值。该虫在安徽六安每年发生5～6代,世代重叠,老熟幼虫结茧土内,以预蛹越冬。幼虫5龄,3龄前食量小。幼虫很灵活,无假死性。80％敌敌畏和40％乐果1000倍液,防治效果可述100％。     

栗链蚧生物学特性及其防治试验

栗链蚧Asterolecanium castaneae Russell是危害锥粟的主要蚧虫之一。栗链蚧在福建一年发生2代,以受精的雌虫在栗树枝条上越冬。防治试验表明,选用50%快灭磷1：1000进行喷雾．原液进行涂干或注射效果最好．40%氧化乐果次之。农药混合试验表明．50％快灭磷 40%氧化乐果 80％敌敌畏原液混合进行涂干效果最好。     

梨斑叶甲的发生与防治

记述了梨斑叶甲各虫期的形态。该虫每年发生1代,以成虫在土内越冬。3月下旬出蛰取食,产卵于寄生叶背面。卵期7～10天,幼虫期20天左右,蛹期11天左右,成虫期360天左右。在幼虫三龄以前用80％敌敌畏乳油、40％乐果乳油、20％杀灭菊酯乳油喷雾防治均有良好效果。     

黄檀丑舟蛾生物学特性及防治的研究

黄檀丑舟蛾是南岭黄檀的重要食叶害虫,该虫在福建南平一年发生6代,以蛹在疏松土壤中越冬,翌年5月初成虫开始羽化。雌虫产卵于嫩叶上,成块。每雌产卵82-306粒。幼虫5龄,各代幼虫的危害盛期;第一代5月下旬至6旬上旬。第二代6月下旬,第三代7月下旬,第四代8月中旬,第五代9月下旬,第六代11月上旬至中旬。试验表明,20%杀灭菊酯4000倍液或80%敌敌畏2000倍液对幼虫均有良好的毒杀效果。     

荒漠草原新害虫——白茨粗角萤叶甲生物学及防治的研究

白茨粗角萤叶甲,以成、幼虫取食白茨叶片、嫩枝条及果实形成缺刻、断梢及伤果,严重时可吃光整个叶片、嫩梢,造成白茨成片死亡。该虫在宁夏年发生2代,以成虫土中越冬。幼虫三龄,土中化蛹。亩用2.5％溴氰菊脂5ml、20％杀灭菊脂10ml、40％氧化乐果50ml进行超低容量喷雾,防治效果均在90％以上。     

桂花叶蜂的生物学和防治

桂花叶蜂是桂花树的主要害虫之一。幼虫取食嫩叶,对桂花树造成严重损害。在广西桂林一年发生一次。以老熟幼虫于土内作茧越冬。孤雌或两性生殖。幼虫期五龄,预蛹期长达270多天。试验结果表明,80%敌敌畏乳剂1000—1500倍液或40％乐果乳剂1000—5000倍液对幼虫均有良好的防治效果。     

福州地区桑白蚧发生动态和药剂防治试验

桑白蚧在福州地区一年发生4代．以雌成虫在寄主枝干上越冬．越冬代(第4代)一雌虫产卵量多的达278粒．少的36粒,平均171粒,比第2代产卵量多2．6倍．比第3代多4．5倍．药剂防治试验结果,在2龄幼蚧高峰期,用25％扑虱灵可温性粉剂1500倍液,40％氧化乐果乳油800-1000倍液和95%机油乳剂50—100倍液喷雾．防治效果可达90％左右．用25％扑虱是可湿性粉剂1000-1500倍液．喷酒幼蚕触杀试验和喷洒桑叶喂蚕胃毒试验结果．对幼蚕安全．用扑虱灵防治桑树上的桑白蚧,对养蚕业无不良影响。     

银杏超小卷叶蛾生物学特性与防治

银杏超小卷叶蛾PammeneginkgoicolaLiu在安徽黄山、九华山 1年发生 1代 ,以蛹在粗树皮内或树枝裂缝中越冬。该虫以幼虫蛀食短枝和当年生长枝嫩茎 ,翌年 4月上旬为成虫羽化期 ,4月上旬至 5月上旬达羽化高峰。 4月中旬为产卵盛期 ,4月上旬幼虫孵化 ,4月下旬孵化盛期 ,4月上旬至 5月底为幼虫为害期 ,5月下旬至 7月上旬幼虫全部钻入树皮。 5月份用 2 5 %溴氰菊酯乳油 3 0 0 0倍喷雾或用80 %敌敌畏 1 0 0 0倍液与 40 %氧化乐果 1 0 0 0倍液混合喷雾 ,防治效果 90 %左右。 6月中下旬用敌敌畏原液、氧化乐果、柴油按 1∶1 5∶3的比配成油雾剂喷洒树干 ,可有效地消灭害虫。     

思茅松微红梢斑螟生物学和生态学特性研究

思茅松微红梢斑螟Dioryctria rubella Hampson在云南省普洱市1年发生3代,世代重叠现象严重。幼虫具有转梢、转枝、转株为害习性,这与气候因素和寄主思茅松的生长状态密切相关。雨季幼虫以转株危害为主,危害率为35%～40%;旱季幼虫以转梢危害为主,危害率为90%～100%。第3代微红梢斑螟发生严重,造成的损失最大。这为综合控制微红梢斑螟对思茅松的危害提供重要的理论基础。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.