温度、pH对非光合微生物菌群固碳效率的影响及其成因分析

CO2是主要的温室气体,也是地球上最丰富的碳源和可再生资源,本实验通过研究温度和pH对非光合固碳微生物固碳效率的影响,以期获得非光合固碳微生物适宜的固碳条件,并通过16SrDNA序列分析,研究了不同条件对固碳微生物群落结构的影响及其与固碳效率的相关性。结果表明,好氧／厌氧固碳微生物菌群生长的最适pH均在7左右。好氧固碳微生物菌群可在较大的温度范围（10℃-40℃）内良好生长,但其固碳速率在10℃左右时最高,之后微生物固碳速率随温度上升而下降,在40℃时,微生物固碳速率开始回升。厌氧时微生物的固碳效率随温度的变化情况与好氧时相似,但总体效果要比其在好氧时低20％～25％。由DGGE图谱及戴斯系数分析可得培养温度和pH对群落结构有显著影响,不同pH和温度条件下优势菌差异显著,这可能是固碳效率变化的重要原因之一。     

非光合固碳微生物菌群最佳组合氮源的正交实验分析

与光合微生物相比,非光合微生物固定CO2具有不用光照,可昼夜持续的优点.氮源是影响微生物固碳效率的重要因素.本研究围绕非光合固碳微生物培养中的氮源进行单因素实验,并在此基础上设计正交交互实验以确定最优的氮源组合.结果表明,实验中采用的三种无机氮对微生物固碳效率均有提升,其中( NH4)2SO4约在浓度为8g/L时达到最大值,NaNO3约在浓度为5 g/L时达到最大值而NaNO2约在浓度为5 g/L时达到最大值.根据单因素实验的结果设计L27(313)的正交交互实验表,得到不同氮源组合影响固碳效率的主次顺序:NaNO3和(NH4)2SO4是影响微生物固定CO2的主要因素,其余依次为NaNO3和(NH4)2SO4的交互作用,(NH4)2SO4和NaNO2的交互作用以及NaNO2等.同时三种氮源的最优组合为(NH4)2SO4浓度9 g/L,NaNO3浓度5 g/L和NaNO2浓度8 g/L,并得到三种因素影响的直观图.     

基于pufM基因的乌梁素海富营养化湖区好氧不产氧光合细菌系统发育多样性分析

好氧不产氧光合细菌(AAPB)的多样性在海洋中已经广泛研究,但在富营养化湖泊中却研究甚少。通过构建和分析AAPB光合中心合成中的关键基因pufM克隆文库,以期揭示乌梁素海富营养化湖区AAPB分布及其系统发育多样性,探讨其在富营养化湖泊中的功能和作用。对乌梁素海红圪卜湖区水体文库中的52个克隆子进行分析,产生了28个OTU,文库覆盖度达到71.4%,反映出文库有较好的代表性。同源性和系统发育分析结果表明,乌梁素海红圪卜湖区AAPB有较高的多样性,与我们之前所发现的同一湖区总细菌多样性较低形成鲜明对比。所获得的序列分属7个亚群,即γ-Proteobacteria(44.2%,含Group-1,-2和-3共3个亚群)、β-Proteobacteria(21.2%)、Rhodobacter-like(7.69%)及2个未知亚群unknown Group-1(21.2%)和Group-2(5.77%)。其中γ-Proteobacteria占到总克隆的44.2%,在低盐的乌梁素海环境中出现高比例的γ-Proteobacteria之前并未见类似报道,并且乌梁素海中存在一些可能是富营养化湖泊特有的AAPB。这表明AAPB可能在富营养化湖泊生态系统的维持和稳定中有重要作用。     

混合电子供体促进非光合微生物菌群固碳效率的分子生态机制

前期研究已从全国各地的表层海水中分离驯化得到了能有效固碳的非光合固碳微生物菌群(Non-photosynthetic microbial community,NPMC),并发现在好氧条件下,混合电子供体(Mixture of Electron Donors,MEDs)(配比为0.46%NaNO_2、0.50%Na_2S_2O_3和1.25%Na_2S)能显著提高其固碳效率。但其与最佳H_2作为电子供体相比促进效果如何,其促进机制是什么,尚未见有报道。本文在比较了NPMC以MED和H_2为电子供体的固碳效率基础上,从NPMC的固碳基因丰度和表达活性角度分析了MED促进NPMC固碳效率的分子生态学机制。结果表明:(1) MED系统的固碳效率可以达到H_2系统的水平,并显著高于传统的NH_4~+系统的固碳效率;(2)卡尔文循环关键基因cbbL和cbbM在MED系统中的较高基因丰度和同时较高的表达可能是MED促进NPMC固碳效率的一个重要原因;(3)由于MED系统含有不同价态的N和S,有利于多种微生物生长,丰富了微生物多样性,为形成不同菌种之间的相互作用促进cbbL和cbbM的同时高表达提供了条件。     

全球大气CO2浓度升高对土壤微生物的影响

全球大气CO2浓度升高对土壤微生物生态系统的影响已引起广泛关注。本文从土壤微生物群落结构、微生物区系、土壤呼吸、微生物生物量以及土壤酶活性方面对大气高浓度CO2的响应进行了综述。由于提供高浓度CO2的实验系统、所选植物材料以及土壤特性等的不同,大气CO2浓度升高对土壤微生物群落结构、微生物区系、土壤呼吸、微生物生物量以及土壤酶活性的影响并未得出一致结论。但高浓度CO2对土壤微生物生态系统的影响是存在的。     

低浓度CO2对水车前和黑藻光合特性的影响

本实验通过对沉水植物水车前(Ottelia alismoides)和黑藻(Hydrilla verticillata)进行低浓度CO2诱导,研究其光合特性的变化.研究显示,诱导后,水车前的PEPC/Rubisco活性比值由0.45上升到4.17,黑藻由0.47上升到4.17,两种植物的C4途径光合酶PEPC和NAD-M...     

海藻糖强化高盐胁迫下异养硝化-好氧反硝化菌群的代谢机制

异养硝化-好氧反硝化(heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification, HN-AD)菌是一类可在高盐环境脱氮的好氧微生物,但其工程应用效果不理想。海藻糖作为相容性溶质,通过参与调节细胞渗透压帮助微生物抵抗高盐胁迫,对提升高盐环境菌群的脱氮效率起重要作用。本研究通过启动膜曝气生物膜反应器(membrane aerobic biofilm reactor, MABR)富集HN-AD菌,设计添加150μmol/L海藻糖的C150实验组和未添加海藻糖的C0对照组,开展了外源性海藻糖对高盐胁迫下HN-AD菌群代谢的强化机制研究。反应器运行性能及群落结构分析结果显示,C150组相较C0组,NH4+-N、总氮(total nitrogen, TN)和化学需氧量(chemical oxygen demand, COD)去除率分别提高29.7%、28.0%和29.1%;以不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)和假黄褐藻属(Pseudofulvimonas)为优势菌属的耐盐型HN-AD菌群总相对丰度在C150组达到66.8%、较C0组提高了18.2...     

非光合固碳微生物的碳源组合优化

二氧化碳(CO_2)过量排放而引起的全球变暖是目前全球面临的重大环境问题。微生物固碳是实现二氧化碳资源利用的一种重要方式。探索无需光照的高效固碳微生物对于更广泛环境条件下的微生物固碳具有重要意义。在从全球各大海域筛选富集出非光合微生物茵群的基础上,本文构建了在不同的电子供体条件下(铵和氢气)促进非光合微生物茵群生长的最佳混合碳源组合,得到如下结果:在以NH_4~+为电子供体的条件下,优化后的碳源组合为374.24 mgC/L碳酸钠(Na_2CO_3),54.76 mgC/L碳酸氢钠(NaHCO_3)和0 mgC/LCO_2时,最佳响应值TOC为3.06 mg/L。最佳响应值TOC低于以Na_2CO_3为单一碳源时,但高于以CO_2或NaHCO_3为单一碳源时;在以H_2为电子供体条件下,使用优化后的混合碳源为0.26 mg/L Na_2CO_3、0.59mg/L NaHCO_3和71.48mL/L CO_2时,非光合微生物菌群的固碳效率可达27.62 mg/L,较以CO_2为单一碳源提高35%左右。这可能意味着有H_2条件下非光合微生物菌群中的微生物可能以羟基丙酸固碳途径为主,而且多条固碳途径均能被混合菌群利用。     

非光合固碳微生物菌群的耐盐特性及其影响因素

从海洋中分离驯化得到的非光合固碳微生物菌群(NPMC)是无需光照和供氢的化能自养微生物,若能用于贫瘠盐碱地改良,实现其在盐碱土壤中的二次固碳,对于盐碱土壤的低碳化改良具有重要的意义.本实验初步验证了NPMC的耐盐特性,以及微量元素和磷酸盐缓冲液两单因素在次高盐条件下对NPMC固碳效率的影响.并通过响应面法研究了微量元素与盐浓度对NPMC固碳效率的交互作用.结果表明,非光合固碳微生物拥有耐受高盐浓度的特性,可耐受高达100g/L以上的总盐度,因此可用于重盐碱土壤的改良.微量元素和磷酸盐缓冲液浓度的增加,都可增强NPMC的固碳效率,微量元素的促进效应高于磷酸盐缓冲液.微量元素和盐度对NPMC固碳效率的影响存在交互作用.     

Enhanced CO2 fixation by a non-photosynthetic microbial community under anaerobic conditions: optimization of electron donors

To enhance the CO(2) fixation efficiency of the non-photosynthetic microbial community (NPMC) isolated from sea water under anaerobic conditions without hydrogen, the concentration of inorganic compounds as electron donors and their ratios were optimized by response surface methodology design (RSMD). The results indicated that the CO(2) fixation efficiency of NPMC using NaNO(2), Na(2)S(2)O(3) and Na(2)S as the electron donors was increased about 90%, 75% and 207%, respectively. Additionally, there were interactions between two electron donors and three electron donors. Central composite RSMD experimentation predicted that the optimal concentration and ratios of these inorganic compounds was 1.04% NaNO(2), 1.07% Na(2)S(2)O(3) and 0.98% Na(2)S. Under these conditions, the fixed CO(2) was 139.89 mg/L, which obviously exceeded the amount prior to optimization, as well as when H(2) was used as an electron donor. The established electron donor system can effectively enhance the CO(2) fixation efficiency of NPMC without hydrogen under anaerobic conditions.     

Influence of temperature and pH on CO2 fixation by a non-photosynthetic microbial community and its mechanism analysis

CO2是主要的温室气体,也是地球上最丰富的碳源和可再生资源,本实验通过研究温度和pH对非光合固碳微生物固碳效率的影响,以期获得非光合固碳微生物适宜的固碳条件,并通过16S rDNA序列分析,研究了不同条件对固碳微生物群落结构的影响及其与固碳效率的相关性.结果表明,好氧/厌氧固碳微生物菌群生长的最适pH均在7左右.好氧固碳微生物菌群可在较大的温度范围(10℃～40℃)内良好生长,但其固碳速率在10℃左右时最高,之后微生物固碳速率随温度上升而下降,在40℃时,微生物固碳速率开始回升.厌氧时微生物的固碳效率随温度的变化情况与好氧时相似,但总体效果要比其在好氧时低20％～25％.由DGGE图谱及戴斯系数分析可得培养温度和pH对群落结构有显著影响,不同pH和温度条件下优势菌差异显著,这可能是固碳效率变化的重要原因之一.     

Dark microbial CO2 fixation in temperate forest soils increases with CO2 concentration

Dark, that is, nonphototrophic, microbial CO₂ fixation occurs in a large range of soils. However, it is still not known whether dark microbial CO₂ fixation substantially contributes to the C balance of soils and what factors control this process. Therefore, the objective of this study was to quantitate dark microbial CO₂ fixation in temperate forest soils, to determine the relationship between the soil CO₂ concentration and dark microbial CO₂ fixation, and to estimate the relative contribution of different microbial groups to dark CO₂ fixation. For this purpose, we conducted a ¹³C‐CO₂ labeling experiment. We found that the rates of dark microbial CO₂ fixation were positively correlated with the CO₂ concentration in all soils. Dark microbial CO₂ fixation amounted to up to 320 µg C kg^?1 soil day^?1 in the Ah horizon. The fixation rates were 2.8–8.9 times higher in the Ah horizon than in the Bw1 horizon. Although the rates of dark microbial fixation were small compared to the respiration rate (1.2%–3.9% of the respiration rate), our findings suggest that organic matter formed by microorganisms from CO₂ contributes to the soil organic matter pool, especially given that microbial detritus is more stable in soil than plant detritus. Phospholipid fatty acid analyses indicated that CO₂ was mostly fixed by gram‐positive bacteria, and not by fungi. In conclusion, our study shows that the dark microbial CO₂ fixation rate in temperate forest soils increases in periods of high CO₂ concentrations, that dark microbial CO₂ fixation is mostly accomplished by gram‐positive bacteria, and that dark microbial CO₂ fixation contributes to the formation of soil organic matter.     

Comparison analysis on the energy efficiencies and biomass yields in microbial CO2 fixation

CO₂ fixation by a hydrogen-oxidizing bacterium, Cupriavidus necator, was evaluated in a packed bed bioreactor under a constant flow rate of gas mixtures (H₂, O₂, CO₂). The overall energy efficiency depends on the efficiencies of CO₂ fixation into carbohydrate and the reduced carbon into biomass and bioproducts, respectively. The efficiencies varied with the limiting gas substrate. Under O₂ limitation, the efficiency (20–30%) of CO₂ fixation increased with time and was higher than the overall efficiency (12–18%). Under H₂ limitation, the efficiency of CO₂ fixation declined with time while the biomass yield was quite similar to that under O₂ limitation. A cellular metabolic model was suggested for the lithoautotrophic growth of C. necator, including CO₂ fixation into carbohydrate followed by the main metabolic pathway of reduced carbon. Under CO₂ limitation, most H₂ energy was wasted, resulting in a very low biomass yield. Under a dual limitation of O₂ and nitrogen, biosynthesis of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) was triggered, and the energy efficiency or yield of biopolyester was lower than those of microbial cell mass. Compared with a green microalga Neochloris oleoabundans that produces lipid under nutrient limitation, C. necator exhibited a much higher (3–6 times) energy efficiency in producing biomass and bioproducts from CO₂.