Weishengwuxue Tongbao MICROBIOLOGY Vol .29 2002 CONTENTS

Ｎｏ .1ＳｔｕｄｉｅｓｏｆＳｃｒｅｅｎｉｎｇＭｉｃｒｏｏｒｇａｎｉｓｍｓｄｅｇｒａｄｉｎｇＬｉｎｅａｒＳｏｄｉｕｍＡｌｋｙｌｂｅｎｚｅｎｅｓｕｌｆｏｎａｔｅ (ＬＡＳ)ａｎｄｉｔｓＤｅｇｒａｄｉｎｇＣｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓ　ＹＩＮＧＱｉ Ｆｅｎｇ,ＸＩＡＯＣｈａｎｇ Ｓｏｎｇ,ＪＩＳｈｕ Ｌａｎ ( 1)……………………………………………………………………ＳｃｒｅｅｎｉｎｇｏｆＳｉｒａｉｎｓＰｒｏｄｕｃｉｎｇＬｉｐａｓｅｓｗｉｔｈｈｉｇｈＡｃｔｉｖｉｔｉｅｓａｎｄＣｏｎｓｔｒｕｃｔｉｏｎｏｆＳｔｒａｉｎ…     

中国凹盾象属六新种记述（鞘翅目：象虫科）

本文记述产于我国的凹盾象属Ｓｔｅｎｏｓｃｅｌｉｓ昆虫６新种,分别为赤杨凹盾象Ｓｔｅｎｏｓｃｅｌｉｓ（Ｈｅｘａｓｔｅｎｏｓｃｅｌｉｓ）ａｌｎｉ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,圆窝凹盾象Ｓ．ｆｏｖｅａｔｕｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,齿突凹盾象Ｓ．ａｃｅｒｂｕｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,小点凹盾象Ｓ．ｐｕｎｃｔｉｃｕｌａｔｕｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,洼喙凹盾象Ｓ．ｒｅｃａｖｕｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,和蔚县凹盾象Ｓ．ｙｕｘｉａｎｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ     

The Second Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Biotechnology

ＡＤＶＩＳＯＲＪＩＡＯＲｕｉ Ｓｈｅｎ (Ｊ .Ｓ .Ｃｈａｏ)　　Ｐｒｏｆｅｓｓｏｒ(ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＰｌａｎｔＰｈｙｓｉｏｌｏｇｙａｎｄＥｃｏｌｏｇｙ ,ＳｈａｎｇｈａｉＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｓｆｏｒＢｉｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ ,ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＡｃａｄｅｍｙｏｆＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ ,Ｓｈａｎｇｈａｉ 2 0 0 0 32 ,Ｃｈｉｎａ)ＥＤＩＴＯＲ ＩＮ ＣＨＩＥＦＹＡＮＧＳｈｅｎｇ Ｌｉ　　Ａｃａｄｅｍｉｃｉａｎ(ＳｈａｎｇｈａｉＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＣｅｎｔｅｒｆｏｒＢｉｏｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ ,ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＡｃａ…     

长白山北坡椴树红松林高等植物物种多样性

长白山北坡椴树红松林高等植物物种多样性郝占庆,赵士洞,陶大立,王淼森（中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所１１００１５）ＳｐｅｃｉｅｓｄｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙｏｆｈｉｇｈｅｒｐｌａｎｔｓｉｎＬｉｍｅｋｏｒｅａｎｐｉｎｅｆｏｒｅｓｔｏｎｎｏｒｔｋｅｒｎｓｌｏｐｅｏｆＣｈａｎｇｂａｉｍｏｕｎｔａｉｎ￥ＨａｏＺｈａｎｑｉｎｇ;ＺｈａｏＳｉｄｏｎｇ;ＴａｏＤａｌｉ;ＷａｎｇＭｉａｏ（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＡｐｐｌｉｅｄＥｃｏｌｏｇｙ,ＡｃａｄｅｎｚｉａＳｉｎｉｃａ,Ｓｈｅｎｙａｎｇ）Ｃｈｉｎａ,１１００１５）：ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＪｏｕｔｒｎａｌｏｆＥｃｏｌｏｇｙ,１９９３,１２（６）：１－５．ＴｈｅＳｈａｎｎｏｎｄｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙｉｎｄｅｘａｎｄｅｖｅｎｎｅｓｓａｒｅｕｓｅｄｔｏａｎａｌｙｓｅｔｈｅｓｐｅｃｉｅｓｄｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙｏｆｈｉｇｈｅｒｐｌａｎｔｓｉｎｌｉｍｅｋｏｒｅａｎｐｉｎｅｆｏｒｅｓｔｏｎｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎｓｌｏｐｅｏｆＣｈａｎｇｂａｉＭｏｕｎｔａｉｎ。ＴｈｅｒｅｓｕｌｔｓｓｈｏｗｔｈａｔＳｈａｎｎｏｎｄｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙｉｎ－ｄｅｘｉｓ２．８２２８ｆｏｒｗｏｏｄｙｐｌａｎｔｓ,２．９７６６ｆｏｒｈｅｒｂｓ;ｔｈｅＳｈａ     

湖南小毛瓢虫属三新记述：鞘翅目：瓢虫科

本文记述小毛瓢虫属ＳｃｙｍｎｕｓＫｕｇｅｌａｎｎ小瓢虫亚属Ｓｃｙｍｎｕｓ（Ｐｕｌｌｕｓ）Ｍｕｌｓａｎｔ三新种：枝角小瓢虫Ｓｓｙｍｎｕｓ（Ｐｕｌｌｕｓ）ｃｌａｄｏｃｅｒｕｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,鞭丝小瓢虫Ｓｃｙｍｎｕｓ（Ｐｕｌｌｕｓ）ｍａｓｔｉｇｏｉｄｅｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,肾斑小瓢虫Ｓｃｙｍｎｕｓ（Ｐｕｌｌｕｓ）ｎｅｐｈｒｏｓｐｉｕｌｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。     

湖南小毛瓢虫属三新种记述(鞘翅目:瓢虫科)

本文记述小毛瓢虫属Ｓｃｙｍｎｕｓ　Ｋｕｇｅｌａｎｎ小瓢虫亚属Ｓｃｙｍｎｕｓ（Ｐｕｌｌｕｓ）Ｍｕｌｓａｎｔ三新种：枝角小瓢虫Ｓｃｙｍｎｕｓ（Ｐｕｌｌｕｓ）ｃｌａｄｏｃｅｒｕｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ,鞭丝小瓢虫Ｓｃｙｍｎｕｓ（Ｐｕｌｌｕｓ）ｍａｓｔｉｇｏｉｄｅｓ　ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,肾斑小瓢虫Ｓｃｙｍｎｕｓ（Ｐｕｌｌｕｓ）ｎｅｐｈｒｏｓｐｉｌｕｓ　ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。     

两种淡水鱼类的Sox基因

ＴＨＥＳＯＸＧＥＮＥＳＩＮＴＷＯＳＰＥＣＩＥＳＯＦＦＲＥＳＨＷＡＴＥＲＦＩＳＨＥＳ两种淡水鱼类的Ｓｏｘ基因ＫｅｙｗｏｒｄｓＳｅｘ,Ｉｎｔｒｏｎ,Ｆｒｅｓｈｗａｔｅｒｆｉｓｈ关键词性别内含子淡水鱼类ＴｈｅＳｒｙｉｓｔｈｅｓｅｘｄｅｔｅｒｍｉｎｉ...     

Sox and Zfx genes in giant panda

ＯｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｒｅｃｅｎｔｂｒｅａｋｔｈｒｏｕｇｈｓｏｆｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔａｌｂｉｏｌｏｇｙｉｓｔｈｅｉｄｅｎｔｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅｔｅｓｔｉｓｄｅｔｅｒｍｉｎｉｎｇｆａｃｔｏｒｇｅｎｅｏｎｔｈｅｍａｍｍａｌｉａｎＹｃｈｒｏｍｏｓｏｍｅ[1],ＳＲＹｇｅｎｅ,ｂｙａｌｏｎｇｈｉｓｔｏｒｙｏｆｓｅａｒｃｈｆｏｒｔｈｅｇｅｎｅ,ｆｒｏｍＢｋｍ,ＨＹａｎｔｉｇｅｎ,ＺＦＸ/ＺＦＹｔｏＳＲＹ/ＳＯＸ(ＳＲＹｂｏｘｇｅｎｅｆａｍｉｌｙ).Ｒｅｃｅｎｔｓｔｕｄｉｅｓｓｈｏｗｔｈａｔａｎｕｍｂｅｒｏｆｃｌｏ…     

中国弧蚤蝇属分类研究（双翅目：蚤蝇科）

本文首次较系统地报道了中国弧蚤蝇属ＳｔｉｃｈｉｌｌｕｓＥｎｄｅｒｌｅｉｎ种类,共描述蚤蝇７种,其中包括５新种,毛尾弧蚤蝇Ｓ．ｐｏｌｙｃｈａｅｔｏｕｓ,尖突弧蚤蝇Ｓ．ａｃｕｍｉｎａｔｕｓ,疣尾弧蚤蝇Ｓ．ｔｕｂｅｒｃｕｌｏｓｕｓ,刺鞘弧蚤蝇Ｓ．ｓｐｉｎｏｓｕｓ和圆尾弧蚤蝇,Ｓ．ｏｒｂｉｃｕｌａｔｕｓ和１个中国新记录种,日本弧蚤蝇Ｓ．ｊａｐｏｎｉｃｕｓ（Ｍａｔｓｕｍｕｒａ）文中应用了雄外生殖器特征,编制     

湖南石门中三叠世巴东组轮藻化石

该文报道了湖南石门县沿市中三叠统巴东组轮藻化石,计有４属８种２未定种,其中包括３新种,它们是Ｓｔｅｌｌａｔｏｃｈａｒａ ｂｒｅｖｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,Ｓ．ｍａｅｄｌｅｒｉｆｏｒｍｉｓ Ｓａｉｄａｋｏｖｓｋｙ,Ｓ．ｈｏｅｌｌｖｉｃｅｎｓｉｓＨｏｒｎ ａｆ Ｒａｎｔｚｉｅｎ,Ｓ．ｓｅｌｌｉｎｇｉｉ Ｈｏｒｎ ａｆ Ｒａｎｔｚｉｅｎ,Ｃｕｎｅａｔｏｃｈａｒａ ｍｉｒａ Ｌｕ,Ｓｔｅｎｏｃｈａｒａ ｙｕ     

Shrub invasion into subalpine vegetation: implications for restoration of the native ecosystem

The ability of plant communities to recover after non-native species invasion will depend upon the nature of their soil seed bank and seed rain characteristics. This study assessed changes in the soil seed bank and seed rain associated with the invasion of the non-native shrub Cytisus scoparius in subalpine vegetation. Soil seed bank and seed rain composition, density and richness were investigated at three areas of different stages of invasion: (i) recent (8–10 years), (ii) mature (15–16 years) and (iii) long-term (25 years). There were few changes in seed bank composition or richness regardless of invasion stage. By contrast, the seed rain composition, richness and density was substantially different within long-invaded areas. Very few seeds were able to colonise the dense barrier characteristic of larger, more mature C. scoparius stands. Some prominent herbs from the native vegetation were under-represented or absent from the seed bank, both in invaded and uninvaded areas. Laboratory germination experiments demonstrated that most native species germinate easily, which may imply a transient seed bank, rather than a persistent one. The majority of herbaceous and shrub species were capable of resprouting vegetatively. Therefore, regeneration appeared more reliant on the bud and tuber bank than a persistent soil seed bank. The dominance of graminoid species and C. scoparius rather than other herbaceous, shrub or tree species suggests that the regenerating vegetation will be dominated by grass species and/or C. scoparius. Hence, in areas where long-invaded C.␣scoparius stands are present the recovery of native subalpine vegetation maybe difficult. Recovery may only be possible through wind dispersal from the surrounding intact vegetation or through actively reseeding the area. This study highlights the importance of early intervention in invasive species management.     

Seed bank composition and above-ground vegetation in response to grazing in sub-Mediterranean oak forests (NW Greece)

We investigate the persistent soil seed bank composition and its relation to the above-ground flora of grazed and non-grazed sub-Mediterranean deciduous oak forests of NW Greece. Twenty-eight taxa were recorded in the soil seed bank and 83 taxa (70 taxa in plots of seed bank sampling) in the above-ground vegetation. The dominant tree species and many woodland species found in the above-ground vegetation were absent from the soil seed bank. Similarity between the soil seed bank and the above-ground vegetation decreased with grazing, and grazing led to a decrease of species richness in above-ground vegetation and soil seed bank. Beta diversity of vegetation among grazed and among non-grazed plots did not differ, but was significantly higher between grazed and non-grazed areas. Beta diversity of the soil seed bank declined with grazing. When applying classification tree and logistic regression analyses, non-grazed forest sites are clearly differentiated by the presence of Phillyrea latifolia, Euphorbia amygdaloides and Brachypodium sylvaticum. PCA ordination of above-ground species composition reflected a gradient from sites grazed by ruminants to non-grazed sites, but no clear structure was detected in the seed bank.     

铜尾矿废弃地与相邻生境土壤种子库特征的比较

土壤种子库是植被群落的重要组成部分,其特征决定了群落的演替方向。对铜陵杨山冲尾矿库6个植被群落及相邻两处生境的土壤种子库进行了研究。结果表明,尾矿内各植被群落种子库的种子密度间存在较大差异,变化范围为57—593粒/m2,平均种子密度为370粒/m2,尾矿坝体和周围山体种子库种子密度分别为999和121粒/m2,各样地土壤中种子均主要集中在0—5 cm范围内。尾矿种子库与坝体种子库间的相似性指数大于其与周围山体种子库的相似性指数,但尾矿内各植被群落种子库间的相似性较差,相似性指数的变化范围为0.308—0.636。可见,群落微生境对土壤种子库的种子密度和物种组成产生了较大的影响。尾矿种子库种类与地上植被的平均相似指数为0.355,低于坝体种子库种类与地上植被相似性系数。3处样地土壤种子库的物种多样性、丰富度和均匀度指数均表现为坝体>尾矿>山体。尾矿种子库在农田土壤中萌发并正常生长的幼苗为16科44属53种,而在尾矿基质中仅为9科36属45种,均以禾本科、菊科和豆科植物萌发和生长状况较好,这3科构成了尾矿地上植被的主要类型。尾矿种子库在尾矿基质中萌发成活率为62.2%—91.2%,约为坝体和山体土壤种子库在尾矿基质中萌发成活率的2倍。说明,组成尾矿种子库的种子大部分已经适应了尾矿的极端恶劣环境或者其本身就是耐性极强的植物类型。     

Regeneration Potential of Floodplain Forests Under the Influence of Nonnative Tree Species: Soil Seed Bank Analysis in Northern Italy

Soil seed banks are the ecological memory of plant communities and might represent their regeneration potential. This study examines the soil seed bank in hardwood floodplain forests of the biosphere reserve “Valle del Ticino” (Northern Italy) to find out whether the natural forest vegetation can potentially be restored by the soil seed bank. We compared near natural forests of the phytosociological association Polygonato multiflori–Quercetum roboris with stands dominated by the nonnative tree species Robinia pseudoacacia and Prunus serotina in order to investigate whether the composition of the soil seed bank is significantly influenced by the composition of the main canopy tree species and soil properties. Soil seed bank samples were taken from 20 randomly selected plots in stands that were differentiated into four groups related to the dominant forest canopy species. The germinated plants were counted and their species determined. A total of 2,427 plants belonging to 84 species were recorded. The composition of the dominant tree species and soil parameters significantly influence the composition of the seed bank. The similarity with the standing vegetation was very low. Only 13% of the species in the soil seed bank represent the target vegetation. The low percentage of target species and the high percentage of nonnative species imply that the regeneration of near‐natural forest vegetation from the soil seed bank is not feasible. Consequently, disturbances that may activate the soil seed bank should be minimized. Thus, we recommend stopping the mechanical removal of the nonnative tree species in the Ticino Park .     

The Role of Soil Seed Banks in Natural Restoration of the Degraded Hunshandak Sandlands, Northern China

The density of seeds in soil seed banks and the species composition of both seed banks and aboveground vegetation were examined in naturally restored sites (NRS) and aerially seeded sites (ASS) in the Hunshandak sandlands of northern China. Five sites were naturally restored 1, 2, 4, 8, and 15 years ago and four sites were aerially seeded 1, 2, 5, and 7 years ago. In total, 36 species were recorded in the seed bank and 41 species in the aboveground vegetation for all NRS, whereas the numbers were 17 and 19, respectively, for ASS, indicating that the NRS can support higher diversity of species than the ASS. During the initial 2 years of restoration, introduced alien shrubs by aerial seeding dominated the vegetation of ASS, although there were indigenous pioneer species in the seed bank which failed to establish in the community. In contrast, indigenous species were dominant components in both the seed bank and the vegetation at the NRS. These findings suggest that the establishment of introduced species might have restricted the germination of certain indigenous pioneer species. Seed bank density of NRS significantly increased with time from 459 ± 76 seeds m⁻² at NRS2 to 3,351 ± 694 seeds m⁻² at NRS15, showing that the seed bank in degraded grassland is large enough to allow natural restoration. It is not always necessary to actively introduce seeds to enhance vegetation diversity.     

Variations of the germinable soil seed bank along the altitudinal gradient in the northwestern Red Sea region

The variations in the size, composition and diversity of the germinable soil seed bank were studied along an altitudinal gradient in the northwestern Red Sea region. The standing vegetation and the germinable seed bank were studied in 58 stands distributed along the altitudinal range from sea level to coastal mountain peaks. The classification of the germinable seed bank by the two-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN) led to the recognition of five groups representing different altitudinal ranges. Detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) shows that these groups are clearly distinguished by the first two DCA axes. The results demonstrate significant associations between the floristic composition of the seed bank and the edaphic factors such as CaCO₃, electrical conductivity, organic carbon and soil texture. Species richness, Shannon index of diversity and the size of the germinable seed bank show a hump-shaped curve along the altitudinal gradient, whereas evenness shows a weak increase with elevation increasing. Beta diversity of the seed bank declines with altitude increasing. The similarity between the standing vegetation and the seed bank approaches a U-shaped pattern along the elevation gradient. About 34.8% of the species that constitute the standing vegetation are vulnerable to elimination from the standing vegetation because they are not represented in the seed bank. Soil seed bank can be used for restoration of the vegetation at some of the degraded sites.     

Seed bank dynamics in abandoned meadows during a 20-year period in the Białowieża National Park

1 The relationship between size and floristic composition of the seed bank and vegetation dynamics was studied between 1976 and 1996 in 0.75 ha of an abandoned Cirsietum rivularis meadow. The plot was divided into 100-m² (10 × 10 m) quadrats and sampled 5-yearly to map the vegetation and determine the soil seed bank.
2 Densities of seeds in the soil fluctuated as succession proceeded. The initially small seed bank trebled by 15 years after abandonment, before falling, after 20 years, to approximately the same as in the initial stage.
3 The floristic richness of the seed bank decreased during succession, with the number of species falling from 38 to 25. The diversity of life forms, however, increased in later periods, with tall herbs, shrubs and trees appearing after 10 years.
4 Seed bank floristic composition is apparently both a product of the species composition of the current vegetation and a record of the long-term substitution of species. Other factors, including the structure of the vegetation, also influence the accumulation of seeds in the soil.
5 Although changes in number of species show a directional pattern, the seed bank size fluctuated in the course of succession on these fertile wet meadows.     

塔里木河下游不同地下水位下土壤种子库特征

选取塔里木河下游不同地下水位的25个天然植物群落样地,进行土壤种子库取样,通过萌发试验分析不同地下水位条件下土壤种子库的密度、物种多样性、生活型比例及土壤种子库与植物群落的相似性等特征.结果表明,在干旱地区,地下水位的高低不仅影响植物群落的种类和组成,而且也影响土壤种子库的密度和组成.随着地下水位的逐渐下降,植物群落退化程度的加重也反映到种子库上,表现为种子库密度减少、物种多样性下降、生活型逐渐单一,同时植物群落与土壤种子库的相似性系数也逐渐降低.该研究有助于丰富干旱区土壤种子库的理论和指导塔里木河下游的生态恢复实践.     

金沙江干热河谷山地植被恢复区土壤种子库和地上植被研究

土壤种子库在植物种群动态中起着重要作用。土壤种子库可缓解种群的灭绝过程,保存群落中植物种的表现特征,是植被天然更新的物质基础。通过对金沙江干热河谷山地植被恢复区（包括水平阶、自然坡面、沟底）和未恢复区（包括放牧地）的土壤种子库和地上植被的组成、大小及多样性进行比较研究表明,植被恢复区土壤种子库和地上植被的密度、丰富度、多样性及均匀度均大于未恢复区。恢复区地上生物量要远大于未恢复区。水平阶和各类型间的土壤种子库密度与地上植被密度差异显著。土壤种子库中草本植物占很大比例。孔颖草和扭黄茅是土壤种子库和地上植被的两大优势种,两者的个体数量、重要值及生物量最大。土壤种子库和地上植被有较高的相似性,且随着恢复程度的加深,相似性有增高的趋势;土壤种子库密度和地上植被密度之间关系可以用二次和三次曲线拟合。     

轮牧时间对荒漠草原土壤种子库特性的影响

探讨季节性放牧下土壤种子库的特性对荒漠草原合理利用具有重要作用。以宁夏荒漠草原为对象,通过封育(FY)、传统时间轮牧(FG)、延迟开始轮牧(YG)、提前结束轮牧(TG)、延迟开始并提前结束轮牧(YT)和自由放牧(ZY)处理,研究了0～5、5～10、10～15 cm土层土壤种子库物种组成、种子库密度、垂直分布、多样性及其与地上植被的关系,探讨了种子库与土壤环境因子的关系。结果表明: 研究区土壤种子库物种组成共有9个科21个种。土壤种子库物种组成以TG种子库种类最多,达13种,而FY和ZY土壤种子库种类最少,各8种。ZY土壤种子库密度显著高于FY、YG、TG、YT;FY的土壤种子库中多年生植物种子数量最多,达32.0%;ZY种子库中多年生植物种子数最少,仅为12.4%,主要以有性繁殖的一年生杂类草种子为主;土壤种子库主要集中于0～5 cm表层土壤,随着土层深度的增加,土壤种子库大小降低。土壤种子库的优势度和多样性均以FY最高,优势度、多样性和均匀度均以ZY最低。土壤种子库与地上植被的相似性总体较低,相比之下FG及ZY种子库与地上植被相似性较高,FY最低。土壤水分、有机质、全氮、全磷、土壤容重是影响土壤种子库的主要土壤因子。与传统全年自由放牧相比,季节性四区轮牧能使荒漠草原土壤种子库多年生植物种类、密度以及种子库物种丰富度、多样性和均匀度增加,虽作用不及长期封育草地,但对荒漠草原的利用与保护具有重要意义。