The Second Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Biotechnology

ＡＤＶＩＳＯＲＪＩＡＯＲｕｉ Ｓｈｅｎ (Ｊ .Ｓ .Ｃｈａｏ)　　Ｐｒｏｆｅｓｓｏｒ(ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＰｌａｎｔＰｈｙｓｉｏｌｏｇｙａｎｄＥｃｏｌｏｇｙ ,ＳｈａｎｇｈａｉＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｓｆｏｒＢｉｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ ,ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＡｃａｄｅｍｙｏｆＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ ,Ｓｈａｎｇｈａｉ 2 0 0 0 32 ,Ｃｈｉｎａ)ＥＤＩＴＯＲ ＩＮ ＣＨＩＥＦＹＡＮＧＳｈｅｎｇ Ｌｉ　　Ａｃａｄｅｍｉｃｉａｎ(ＳｈａｎｇｈａｉＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＣｅｎｔｅｒｆｏｒＢｉｏｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ ,ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＡｃａ…     

Conformational Studies of Arabinoglucuronomannology (AGM)

ＣｏｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎａｌＳｔｕｄｉｅｓｏｆＡｒａｂｉｎｏｇｌｕｃｕｒｏｎｏｍａｎｎｏｌｏｇｙ（ＡＧＭ）ＩｍｓｈｉｋＬｅｅ;ＢａｉＣｈｕｎｌｉ;ＷａｎｇＣｈｅｎ（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＣｈｅｍｉｓｔｒｙ,ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＡｃａｄｅｍｙｏｆＳｃｉｅｎｃ...     

National Museum of Plant History of China

ＴｈｅＮａｔｉｏｎａｌＭｕｓｅｕｍｏｆＰｌａｎｔＨｉｓｔｏｒｙｏｆＣｈｉｎａｉｓａｂｒａｎｃｈｏｆｈｅｒｂａｒｉｕｍ,ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＢｏｔａｎｙ,ｔｈｅＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＡｃａｄｅｍｙｏｆＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ．Ｉｔｗａｓｂｕｉｌｔｉｎ１９９６ａｎｄｏｆｆｉｃｉａｌｌｙａｐｐｒｏｖｅｄｂｙｔｈｅＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＡｃａｄｅｍｙｏｆＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓｉｎ１９９８．ＩｔｗａｓｉｎｓｃｒｉｂｅｄｂｙＺｈｏｕＧｕａｎｇｚｈａｏ,Ｔｈｅｖｉｃｅ -ＣｈａｉｒｍａｎｏｆＳｔａｎｄｉｎｇＣｏｍｍｉｔｔｅｅｏｆＣｈｉｎｅ…     

<天然药物会议信息>

20 0 1 :Ｊａｎｕａｒｙ 17～ 2 0 ,2 0 0 1:ＩｎｄｅｐｅｎｄｅｎｔＰｈａｒｍａｃｙＣｈａｉｎＣｏｎｆｅｒ ｅｎｃｅ,ＳｃｏｔｔｓｄａｌｅＰｒｉｎｃｅｓｓＲｅｓｏｒｔ,Ｓｃｏｔｔｓｄａｌｅ ,Ａｒｉｚｏｎａ.Ｃｏｎｔａｃｔ:ＮＣＰＡＥｘｈｉｂｉｔｓｍａｎａｇｅｒ(70 3) 6 83～ 36 19(ｆａｘ) .Ｆｅｂｒｕａｒｙ 2 0～ 2 3,2 0 0 1:ＥＸＰＯ 2 0 0 1,ＮａｔｉｏｎａｌＣｏｍｍｕｎｉｔｙＰｈａｒｍａｃｉｓｔｓＡｓｓｏｃｉａｔｉｏｎ ,ＣｈａｉｎＤｒｕｇＭａｒｋｅｔｉｎｇＡｓｓｏｃｉａｔｉｏｎ ,ＮａｔｉｏｎａｌＨｏｍｅＩｎ…     

天然药物会议信息(英文)

20 0 1 :Ｊａｎｕａｒｙ 17～ 2 0 ,2 0 0 1:ＩｎｄｅｐｅｎｄｅｎｔＰｈａｒｍａｃｙＣｈａｉｎＣｏｎｆｅｒｅｎｃｅ ,ＳｃｏｔｔｓｄａｌｅＰｒｉｎｃｅｓｓＲｅｓｏｒｔ,Ｓｃｏｔｔｓｄａｌｅ ,Ａｒｉｚｏｎａ .Ｃｏｎｔａｃｔ:ＮＣＰＡＥｘｈｉｂｉｔｓｍａｎａｇｅｒ(70 3 )683～ 3 619(ｆａｘ) .Ｆｅｂｒｕａｒｙ 2 0～ 2 3 ,2 0 0 1:ＥＸＰＯ 2 0 0 1,ＮａｔｉｏｎａｌＣｏｍｍｕｎｉｔｙＰｈａｒｍａｃｉｓｔｓＡｓ ｓｏｃｉａｔｉｏｎ ,ＣｈａｉｎＤｒｕｇＭａｒｋｅｔｉｎｇＡｓｓｏｃｉａｔｉｏｎ ,ＮａｔｉｏｎａｌＨｏｍｅＩ…     

<天然药物会议信息>

20 0 1 :Ｊａｎｕａｒｙ 17～ 2 0 ,2 0 0 1:ＩｎｄｅｐｅｎｄｅｎｔＰｈａｒｍａｃｙＣｈａｉｎＣｏｎｆｅｒｅｎｃｅ ,ＳｃｏｔｔｓｄａｌｅＰｒｉｎｃｅｓｓＲｅｓｏｒｔ,Ｓｃｏｔｔｓｄａｌｅ ,Ａｒｉｚｏｎａ .Ｃｏｎｔａｃｔ:ＮＣＰＡＥｘｈｉｂｉｔｓｍａｎａｇｅｒ( 70 3) 6 83～ 36 19(ｆａｘ) .Ｆｅｂｒｕａｒｙ 2 0～ 2 3,2 0 0 1:ＥＸＰＯ 2 0 0 1,ＮａｔｉｏｎａｌＣｏｍｍｕｎｉｔｙＰｈａｒｍａｃｉｓｔｓＡｓｓｏｃｉａｔｉｏｎ ,ＣｈａｉｎＤｒｕｇＭａｒｋｅｔｉｎｇＡｓｓｏｃｉａｔｉｏｎ ,ＮａｔｉｏｎａｌＨｏｍｅＩ…     

天然药物会议信息(英文)

20 0 1 :Ｊａｎｕａｒｙ 17～ 2 0 ,2 0 0 1:ＩｎｄｅｐｅｎｄｅｎｔＰｈａｒｍａｃｙＣｈａｉｎＣｏｎｆｅｒｅｎｃｅ ,ＳｃｏｔｔｓｄａｌｅＰｒｉｎｃｅｓｓＲｅｓｏｒｔ,Ｓｃｏｔｔｓｄａｌｅ ,Ａｒｉｚｏｎａ .Ｃｏｎｔａｃｔ:ＮＣＰＡＥｘｈｉｂｉｔｓｍａｎａｇｅｒ( 70 3) 6 83～ 36 19(ｆａｘ) .Ｆｅｂｒｕａｒｙ 2 0～ 2 3,2 0 0 1:ＥＸＰＯ 2 0 0 1,ＮａｔｉｏｎａｌＣｏｍｍｕｎｉｔｙＰｈａｒｍａｃｉｓｔｓＡｓｓｏｃｉａｔｉｏｎ ,ＣｈａｉｎＤｒｕｇＭａｒｋｅｔｉｎｇＡｓｓｏｃｉａｔｉｏｎ ,ＮａｔｉｏｎａｌＨｏｍｅＩ…     

Cloning and high-level expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 cDNA derived from human glomerular mesangial cells

Ｐｌａｓｍｉｎｏｇｅｎａｃｔｉｖａｔｏｒｉｎｈｉｂｉｔｏｒ1(ＰＡＩ1)ｉｓａｓｐｅｃｉｆｉｃｐｈｙｓｉｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｉｎｈｉｂｉｔｏｒｏｆｕｒｏｋｉｎａｓｅｔｙｐｅｐｌａｓｍｉｎｏｇｅｎａｃｔｉｖａｔｏｒ(ｕＰＡ)ａｎｄｔｉｓｓｕｅｔｙｐｅｐｌａｓｍｉｎｏｇｅｎａｃｔｉｖａｔｏｒ(ｔＰＡ)[1].ＣｈａｎｇｅｓｏｆＰＡＩ1ｍａｙｉｎｄｕｃｅｉｍｂａｌａｎｃｅｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｇｌｏｍｅｒｕｌａｒｅｘｔｒａｃｅｌｌｕｌａｒｍａｔｒｉｘ(ＥＣＭ)ｓｙｎｔｈｅｓｉｓａｎｄｄｅｇｒａｄａｔｉｏｎ,ｔｈｕｓｌｅａｄｉｎｇ…     

天然药物会议信息(英文)

Ｊａｎｕａｒｙ 17 2 0 ,2 0 0 1:ＩｎｄｅｐｅｎｄｅｎｔＰｈａｒｍａｃｙＣｈａｉｎＣｏｎｆｅｒｅｎｃｅ ,ＳｃｏｔｔｓｄａｌｅＰｒｉｎｃｅｓｓＲｅｓｏｒｔ,Ｓｃｏｔｔｓｄａｌｅ,Ａｒｉｚｏｎａ .Ｃｏｎｔａｃｔ:ＮＣＰＡＥｘｈｉｂｉｔｓｍａｎａｇｅｒ( 70 3 )683 3 619(ｆａｘ) .Ｆｅｂｒｕａｒｙ 2 0 2 3 ,2 0 0 1:ＥＸＰＯ 2 0 0 1,ＮａｔｉｏｎａｌＣｏｍｍｕｎｉｔｙＰｈａｒｍａｃｉｓｔｓＡｓｓｏｃｉ ａｔｉｏｎ ,ＣｈａｉｎＤｒｕｇＭａｒｋｅｔｉｎｇＡｓｓｏｃｉａｔｉｏｎ ,ＮａｔｉｏｎａｌＨｏｍｅＩｎｆｕｓｉｏ…     

天然药物信息(医学期刊扫描:文摘和评论)(英文)

ＮａｔｕｒａｌＭｅｄｉｃｉｎｅＩｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ(ＭｅｄｉｃａｌＪｏｕｒｎａｌＷａｔｃｈ :ＡｂｓｔｒａｃｔａｎｄＣｏｍｍｅｎｔｓ)Ｌ ＣａｒｎｉｔｉｎｅＩｍｐｒｏｖｅｓＥｘｅｒｃｉｓｅＴｏｌｅｒａｎｃｅＡｍｏｎｇＡｎｇｉｎａＰａｔｉｅｎｔｓｌｙｅｒＲＮ ,ＫｈａｎＡＡ ,ｅｔａｌ.Ｌ ｃａｒｎｉｔｉｎｅｍｏｄｅｒａｔｅｌｙｉｍｐｒｏｖｅｓｔｈｅｅｘｅｒｃｉｓｅｔｏｌｅｒａｎｃｅｉｎｃｈｒｏｎｉｃｓｔａｂｌｅａｎｇｉｎａ .ＪＡｓｓｏｃＰｈｙｓＩｎ ｄｉａ 4 8(11) :10 5 0～ 10 5 2 ,2 0 0 0 .Ｆｏｒｔｙ ｓ…     

黄土丘陵区旱地作物水分生态适应性系统评价

根据调查资料和田间试验结果,系统地分析了旱地不同作物生长发育与降水分布的时序关系、旱地作物水分潜在利用率和旱地主要作物水分供需平衡与错位特征,并利用水分生态适应性数学模型,对宁南黄土丘陵区主要作物的水分生态适应性进行了定量评价．结果表明,秋熟作物生长发育与降水分布耦合性较好,夏熟作物生长发育与降水分布耦合性较差．不同作物的降水潜在利用率存在差异。其基本规律是：多年生牧草>薯类作物>谷类作物;秋熟作物>夏熟作物．作物的水分满足率和生态适应性,秋熟作物优于夏熟作物,丰水年份优于干旱年份．旱地6种主要作物的水分生态适应性指数排序依次为：谷子>马铃薯>糜子>胡麻>豌豆>春小麦．     

Landscape-dependent use of a seed-rich habitat by farmland passerines: relative importance of game cover crops in a grassland versus an arable region of Scotland

Capsule Game cover crops in a pastoral region of southwest Scotland supported passerines at more than twice the density found in similar crops in an arable region.

Aims To investigate the use of seed-rich habitats (game cover crops) by farmland passerines in the agricultural grasslands of southwest Scotland relative to the arable east.

Methods Birds were counted in game cover crops and conventional crops on nine farms in Dumfries and Galloway, and Ayrshire, during the winters of 2003/04 and 2004/05. Similar data from eastern Scotland were re-analysed to compare the relative use of the two crop types in the contrasting regions.

Results Passerine densities in game cover crops in southwest Scotland were two orders of magnitude greater than in conventional crops. Furthermore, densities within grassland game cover crops were more than double those in arable areas and densities in grassland conventional crops were just 14% of those in equivalent arable habitats.

Conclusion The significantly greater difference between passerine densities in game cover crops and conventional crops in a grassland versus an arable region of Scotland could not be explained by differences in the bird communities, crop types, boundary habitats, weather, observer effects or survey methods used. We suggest that game cover crops may be more attractive in grassland regions because alternative food sources are rarer than in arable regions.     

A survey of black dot and other fungal tuber blemishing diseases in British potato crops at harvest

Black dot and other fungal blemishing diseases were assessed on tubers from crops in eastern England in 1987 and 1988, and in 1989 and 1990 from crops throughout Great Britain. Black dot was found on tubers in crops from all areas of the country, and was most common in those from eastern and southern England. The disease was scarce on most Scottish crops, but occasionally some were severely affected. In 1988 there was no consistent relationship between the amounts of disease on the seed and subsequent ware crop. On average, the disease was more prevalent in irrigated crops and where the interval between successive potato crops was short. In 1990 treating seed tubers with fungicide had no effect on subsequent levels of disease. Few crops were unaffected by silver scurf, and it was most common in crops from southern and eastern England. In the national survey common scab was the most prevalent disease, black scurf was less common and skin spot and powdery scab uncommon except in some Scottish crops.     

黄土丘陵区旱地作物水分生态适应性系统评价

根据调查资料和田间试验结果,系统地分析了旱地不同作物生长发育与降水分布的时序关系、旱地作物水分潜在利用率和旱地主要作物水分供需平衡与错位特征,并利用水分生态适应性数学模型,对宁南黄土丘陵区主要作物的水分生态适应性进行了定量评价.结果表明,秋熟作物生长发育与降水分布耦合性较好,夏熟作物生长发育与降水分布耦合性较差.不同作物的降水潜在利用率存在差异,其基本规律是:多年生牧草>薯类作物>谷类作物;秋熟作物>夏熟作物.作物的水分满足率和生态适应性,秋熟作物优于夏熟作物,丰水年份优于干旱年份.旱地6种主要作物的水分生态适应性指数排序依次为:谷子>马铃薯>糜子>胡麻>豌豆>春小麦.     

转Bt基因作物对非靶标土壤动物的影响

转Bt基因作物已经在世界范围内广泛种植.随着转基因作物的快速发展与推广,有必要深入研究其对土壤生态系统的影响.本文概述了转Bt作物对土壤动物群落以及蚯蚓、线虫、虫兆虫、螨类和甲虫等重要类群的种群动态影响的研究进展,介绍了转Bt基因作物的发展历史,分析了Bt蛋白进入土壤的途径及其在土壤环境中的残留与降解的动态,阐述了未来转Bt基因作物对非靶标土壤动物影响的生态风险分析的重要领域,旨在为研究转Bt基因作物对非靶标土壤动物影响提供参考.     

中国转基因作物风险评估技术研究进展

现代生物技术的发展为利用外源基因培育优良作物品种提供了新的途径,目前国内外已培育出多个高抗害虫的转基因作物。但是,人们对转基因作物潜在的风险尚存在疑问,这是目前转基因作物是否能进一步获准商品化生产的一个重要原因。综述了中国转基因作物研究和转基因产品安全性检测技术取得的主要进展,对我国转基因作物的研究前景进行了展望,并对将来的工作提出了几点建议。     

Network analysis for co‐occurrence of pest insects on host crops

In this study, the co‐occurrence patterns of 618 pest insects for 47 host crops, including vegetables, grains, and fruits, were identified. To identify the pest co‐occurrence patterns for various crops, and the interactions among the pest insects and crops, we employed social network analysis methods. We used three traditional centrality measures (degree, closeness, and eigenvector) to determine the relative significance of each crop and pest as a node in the network. Throughout the network analysis, crops and pest nodes were divided into six groups, based on modularity. Crops in the same group could be considered as alternate hosts for pests from the same group. There were clear differences in the cultural practices between groups (i.e., dryland farming versus wetland farming). This indicated that dryland crop pests do not use wetland crops as resources. Pome fruit trees, such as apple and pear, had high centrality indices, which indicated the importance of these crops in the network and their high vulnerability to damage by a multitude of pests. In this study, although it was assumed that all crops were cultivated on the same piece of land during a single growing season, the complex interactions between the whole units were visualized and analyzed as a computable network.     

诱集植物在农业中的应用研究进展与展望

全世界每年因病虫害导致严重的农业经济损失, 为了减少病虫害的发生, 实际生产中通常使用大量化学农药, 然而农药的大量施用, 不仅造成环境污染和农产品安全问题, 还会使病虫害产生抗药性, 天敌种群受损, 从而导致病虫害爆发日益严重。种植诱集植物是一种环境友好型病虫害防控方法, 该方法主要是通过诱集植物吸引虫害和降低病害, 从而减少病虫害对主栽作物的危害, 达到保护主栽作物的目的, 最终减少农业上化学农药的使用。根据诱集植物自身特性, 将其分为五种主导作用类型: 传统诱集植物、致死型诱集植物、基因工程型诱集植物、生物辅助控制型诱集植物、化学信息素辅助作用型诱集植物等, 根据种植和利用方式, 将其分为: 围种诱集、间种诱集、连作诱集、与其它方式结合等。尽管关于诱集植物的研究已有近160年历史, 但有关高效诱集植物的筛选、诱集植物与主栽作物的优化配置模式与配套种植技术、诱集植物对靶标病虫害的作用机理、诱集植物在农业生产中的生态风险评估等仍不清楚, 且诱集植物仍具有较大开发潜力和应用价值, 如(1)开发应用诱集植物的环境污染修复功能及相关技术; (2)开发应用诱集植物的景观生态与休闲旅游功能及相关技术; (3)开发利用诱集植物对土壤的养分转化与固持提升功能(如固氮、固碳、固土功能等)、生物质能源功能、节能减排功能及相关技术; (4)开发应用诱集植物及其废弃物的经济产品功能及其可持续生产技术。论文综述了近年来国内外有关诱集植物的相关研究与实践应用, 旨在为诱集植物在农业生产中进行病虫害防治研究和应用提供相关参考。     

Transgenic,transplastomic and other genetically modified plants: a Canadian perspective

Since the mid 1990s, genetically modified (GM) crops have been grown commercially in Canada on a scale that has increased steadily over the years. An intense debate ensued, as elsewhere, and many fears were expressed regarding not only the technology itself but some of the main GM crops being grown. It would seem appropriate at this time to examine how these novel crops compare to crops bred by more traditional means and what impacts these GM crops have had based on experience and not merely on conjecture. To begin, we will put things in a historical perspective and recall how domestication and conventional plant breeding have shaped the crops of today. Then, we will describe briefly the distinctive features of GM plants (obtained so far mainly by nuclear transgenesis) and how these novel crops are regulated in Canada. We will then give two examples of widely grown GM crops in Canada (insect-resistant corn and herbicide-tolerant canola) and examine the main questions that were raised as well as the actual impacts these crops have had on the farm. These examples will help us outline some of the limitations of the current generation of GM plants and, finally, we will try to get a glimpse of the future by examining some recent technical developments in the field of recombinant DNA technologies applied to plant breeding.