沙地云杉种群稳定性研究

沙地云杉种群稳定性研究郑元润徐文铎（中国科学院植物研究所,北京１０００９３）（中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,１１００１５）ＳｔｕｄｙｏｎＰｏｐｕｌａｔｉｏｎＳｔａｂｉｌｉｔｙｏｆＰｉｃｅａｍｏｎｇｏｌｉｃａｏｎＳａｎｄｙＬａｎｄ．ＺｈｅｎｇＹｕａｎ...     

内蒙古白音敖包自然保护区沙地云杉林的基本特征,存在问题与解决途径

内蒙古白音敖包自然保护区沙地云杉林的基本特征、存在问题与解决途径徐文铎（中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,１１００１５）ＢａｓｉｃＣｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓ,ＥｘｉｓｔｉｎｇＰｒｏｂｌｅｍｓａｎｄＴｈｅｉｒＳｏｌｕｔｌｏｎｓｆｏｒＳｐｒｕｃｅＦｏｒｅｓｔｏｎＳａｎｄｌａｎｄｏｆＢａｉｙｉ－ｎａｏｂａｏＮａｔｕｒａｌＲｅｓｅｒｖｅ,ＩｎｎｅｅｒＭｏｎｇｏｌｉａ￥ＸｕＷｅｎｄｕｏ（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＡｐｐｌｉｅｄＥｃｏｌｏｇｙ,ＡｃａｄｅｍｉａＳｉｎｉｃａ,Ｓｈｅｎｙａｎｇ１１００ｌ５）（ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＪｏｕｒｎａｌｏｆＥｃｏｌｏｇｙ,１９９３,１２（５）：３９－４４．Ｓｐｒｕｃｅｆｏｒｅｓｔｏｎｓａｎｄｌａｎｄｉｓａｓｐｅｃｉａｌｔｙｐｅｏｆｔｅｒｒｅｓｔｒｉａｌｆｏｒｅｓｔｅｃｏｓｙｓｔｅｍ,ｗｈｉｃｈｏｎｌｙｅｘｉｓｔｓａｔｔｈｅｅｄｇｅｏｆｔｈｅＸｉａｏｔｅｎｇｅｌｉｄｅｓｅｒｔｈＩｎｎｅｒＭｏｎｇｏｌｉａ,Ｍｏｎｇｏｌｉａｆｌｏｒａｉｓｔｈｅｄｏｍｉｎａｎｔｓｐｅｃｉｅｓｉｎｔｈｅｆｏｒｅｓｔ,ｗｈｉｃｈａｌｓｏｉｎｃｌｕｄｅｓＸｉｎｇａｎａｎｄＮｏｒｔｈＣｈｉｎａｆｌｏｒａ,Ｔｈｅｃｏｍｐｏｓｉ     

鼎湖山南亚热带森林细根分解干物质损失和元素动态

鼎湖山南亚热带森林细根分解干物质损失和元素动态温达志（中国科学院华南植物研究所,广州５１０６５０）魏平张佑昌（中国科学院华南植物研究所鼎湖山树木园,肇庆５２６０７０）孔国辉（中国科学院华南植物研究所,广州５１０６５０）ＤｒｙＭａｓＬｏｓａｎｄＣｈｅｍ...     

真核藻类的病毒和病毒类粒子（VLPs）

真核藻类的病毒和病毒类粒子（ＶＬＰｓ）赵以军石正丽（中国科学院水生生物研究所,武汉４３００７２）（中国科学院武汉病毒研究所,武汉４３００７１）ＶｉｒｕｓｅｓａｎｄＶｉｒｕｓ－ｌｉｋｅＰｅａｒｔｉｃｌｅｓｏｆＥｕｋａｒｙｏｔｉｃＡｌｇａｅＺｈａｏＹｉｊ...     

高效液相色谱法快速分析红松,云杉针叶中的维生素C

高效液相色谱法快速分析红松、云杉针叶中的维生素Ｃ刘海玲,杜英君,杨志勇（中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究,沈阳１１００１５）ＨｉｇｈｅｆｆｅｃｔｉｖｅｌｉｑｕｉｄｃｈｒｏｍａｔｏｇｒａｐｈｉｃａｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｆｖｉｔａｍｉｎＣｉｎＰｉｎｕｓｋｏｒａｉｅｎ...     

怀念日本生理学家胜木保次先生

怀念日本生理学家胜木保次先生张香桐（中国科学院上海脑研究所,上海２０００３１）徐科（中国科学院上海生理研究所,上海２０００３１）世界知名的日本听觉生理学家、日本学士院会员、东京齿科大学和国立冈崎生理学研究所名誉教授胜木保次（ＫａｔｓｕｋｉＹａｓｕｊｉ...     

继往开来 再创辉煌──庆祝中国科学院武汉病毒研究所成立四十周年暨《中国病毒学》创刊十周年

继往开来　再创辉煌──庆祝中国科学院武汉病毒研究所成立四十周年暨《中国病毒学》创刊十周年何添福,张立人,陈明彬（中国科学院武汉病毒研究所,武汉４３００７１）ＡＲｅｖｉｅｗａｎｄＰｒｏｓｐｅｃｔｓｆｏｒｔｈｅ４ＰｔｈＡｎｎｉｖｅｒｓａｒｙｏｆＷｕｈａｎ...     

柴胡类药材的柴胡皂甙分析

柴胡类药材的柴胡皂甙分析李光慧罗燕燕王瑛袁昌齐王年鹤（北京临床药学研究所,北京１０００３５）（江苏省中国科学院植物研究所,南京２１００１４）ＡｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｆｓａｉｋｏｓａｐｏｎｉｎｓｉｎｍｅｄｉｃｉｎａｌＢｕｐｌｅｕｒｕｍｓｐｐ．ＬｉＧｕａｎｇ...     

草原生物适宜度模型及其应用

草原生物适宜度模型及其应用李镇清任继周（中国科学院植物研究所,北京１０００９３）（甘肃草原生态研究所,兰州７３００７０）ＴｈｅＭｏｄｅｌｓｏｆＳｕｉｔａｂｉｌｉｔｙＤｅｇｒｅｅｏｆＧｒａｓｌａｎｄＯｒｇａｎｉｓｍａｎｄｔｈｅｉｒＡｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏ...     

生态交错带与生态流

生态交错带与生态流王庆锁（中国农业科学院畜牧研究所,北京１０００９４）冯宗炜罗菊春（中国科学院生态环境中心,１０００８０）（北京林业大学,１０００８３）ＥｃｏｔｏｎｅｓａｎｄＥｃｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌＦｌｏｗｓ．ＷａｎｇＱｉｎｇｓｕｏ（ＡｎｉｍａｌＨｕｓ...     

A Dendroclimatic Study of Relic Picea meyeri in Inner Mongolian Steppe

Dendroclimatic methods were used to investigate the fundamental relationships between the temperature variables and the growth of climatically relic Picea meyeri Rehd. et Wils. on sandy land of Inner Mongolian grasslands in the Xilin River Basin. The annual mean temperature and accumulated temperature (above 5 ℃, 10 ℃) respectively showed no significant correlation with the spruce growth relative to summer mean temperature, which displayed strong coherence with tree growth ( P <0.01). The mean temperature in May showed significantly negative correlation with spruce growth ( P <0.05). Furthermore, it was revealed that the negative influence of May temperature was due to monthly mean maximum temperature ( T max) ( P <0.01) other than monthly mean minimum temperature ( Tmin) values ( P <0.1), which indicated that the use of Tmin and T max separately can allow much more insights on the temperate influence. In addition, extreme maximum temperature in May and June might impose the most detrimental influence on tree growth in semi-arid Inner Mongolian grassland. The analysis of the recorded meteorological data demonstrated that the increases in temperature were synchronous with slight decreases in precipitation in the growing season, which suggested that P. meyeri may reduce growth due to temperature-induced drought. On the other hand, the analysis for decadal periods explored that trees appeared to reduce the sensitivity to the warming, and consequently increased sensitivity to rainfall. This may serve as a baseline for more accurate predictions of the potential impacts of altered climate regimes on tree growth.     

川西亚高山不同年龄紫果云杉径向生长对气候因子的响应

运用树木年轮气候学的基本方法,建立王朗自然保护区紫果云杉在集中分布上限区域的年轮宽度年表,选取差值年表分析不同年龄云杉的径向生长同逐月气候因子的相关及响应关系,结果显示:幼龄组云杉年表的敏感度高于中龄组和老龄组云杉,幼龄组云杉对生长季前及生长季的气温状况显著正相关;中龄组云杉年表仅与当年4月份和7月份的月平均最低气温显著正相关;老龄组云杉的年轮宽度指数同上年生长季(上年8月份)的月平均气温和月平均最低温显著负相关,上年生长季高温的"滞后效应"在老龄组云杉体现的更为突出;幼龄组与中龄组云杉对当年6月份降水持续增加显示出明显的负相关关系,上年12月份的降水会对幼龄组和老龄组云杉径向生长不利。研究表明幼龄组云杉包含的气候信息要优于中龄组和老龄组云杉,在该区域进行相关研究时应根据研究需要选取不同年龄跨度的云杉年表。     

Dendroclimatic evaluation of climate-growth relationships of Meyer spruce (Picea meyeri) on a sandy substrate in semi-arid grassland, north China

Dendroclimatic techniques were used to assess the climate-growth relationships of refugial Meyer spruce (Picea meyeri Rehd. et Wils.) on a sandy substrate in semi-arid grassland of north China. Statistical analysis of the tree-ring data showed a mean series intercorrelation of 0.47, a signal-to-noise ratio of 14.44, and a mean sensitivity of 0.18, indicating suitability for climatic analysis. Radial growth was positively correlated with precipitation in February and May of the current year, and in September of the preceding year. However, radial growth of Meyer spruce also correlated negatively with mean monthly temperature in current May, of which mean maximum temperature explained most of the observed variation. In addition, radial growth negatively correlated with solar radiation over most of the year. Rainfall appeared to be the dominant growth-limiting factor in this semi-arid grassland, with temperature and solar radiation being of lesser importance. This study suggests that Meyer spruce in this stand is promising for dendroclimatic and ecological studies because of good cross-dating characteristics and high sensitivity to climate.     

长白山落叶松与鱼鳞云杉生长-气候关系的种间差异

为阐明不同树种间树木径向生长对气候变化的响应及其时间稳定性,本研究以长白山北坡高海拔处(1600～1750 m)落叶松和鱼鳞云杉为研究对象,运用年轮年代学方法探究树木径向生长与气候的关系.结果表明: 研究区落叶松生长与当年6月最高气温呈显著正相关,与当年6月降水呈负相关;鱼鳞云杉与当年5月最高温度呈显著正相关.冗余分析进一步表明,落叶松生长主要受夏季温度的影响,鱼鳞云杉生长主要受春季温度的制约.在1959—2014年,落叶松生长-夏季温度关系相对稳定;对于鱼鳞云杉,自1986年以来其与春季温度的相关性减弱,可能由于最高温度降低导致树木生长减慢.本研究结果可以为预测气候变化情景下长白山针叶树种生长的响应趋势提供数据支持和理论参考.     

Intra-annual radial growth of Schrenk spruce (Picea schrenkiana Fisch. et Mey) and its response to climate on the northern slopes of the Tianshan Mountains

Schrenk spruce (Picea schrenkiana Fisch. et Mey.) is widely distributed in the Tianshan Mountains. In this study, four Schrenk spruce trees were continuously monitored with dendrometers from 27 April to 30 September 2014 on the northern slopes of the Tianshan Mountains in northwest China. The goal of this monitoring study was to determine the main growing season of Schrenk spruce and to analyze intra-annual radial growth variability and its relation to daily meteorological factors. Our studies have shown that the critical growing season of Schrenk spruce is from late May to late July and that the rapid growth stage is from mid-June to early July. Meanwhile, in the growing season, changes in the radial growth of Schrenk spruce were negatively correlated with daily temperature, evaporation, sunshine hours and vapor pressure deficit (VPD), and were positively correlated with precipitation and relative humidity (RH). The correlation coefficient between radial growth and RH can be as high as 0.750 (Pearson, p < 0.0001, n = 60). Dates in which precipitation occurred corresponded to periods of rapid growth. The results of the climate-growth analysis show that changes in radial growth reflect the effect of water stress on tree growth, whether or not the changes are positively or negatively correlated with the above climatic factors. This indicates that moisture plays a major role in the growth of Schrenk spruce. We suggest that precipitation between late May to late June is a limiting factor for radial growth of Schrenk spruce on the northern slopes of the Tianshan Mountains.     

Climatic signal in annual growth variation in damaged and healthy stands of Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] in southern Finland

Annual radial increment variation and its dependence on temperature and precipitation were studied in 13 severely damaged and 12 healthy stands of Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] on mineral soil and peatlands in southern Finland. An intervention analysis revealed that the presently dead trees had experienced severe growth reductions since the late 1980s. Even though annual growth variation between the stands was fairly similar, differences in the relationship between radial growth and weather variation were found between sites. High temperature in May increased radial growth in the healthy stands. This was not observed in the damaged stands, where summer temperature was negatively correlated with growth. In addition, high temperature during the previous summer decreased tree growth in next summer. Tree-ring indices showed a strong positive correlation with June precipitation in the damaged stands. Correlation of June precipitation and growth was much weaker in the healthy stands. This result suggests that the damage is connected to drought and is likely to occur at drought-sensitive sites. The finding also fits in well with the fact that many of the damaged sites were rocky or stony.     

夏干萨特树轮年表中降水信息的探讨与326年降水重建

夏干萨特位于新疆天山中段乌鲁木齐河山区,在此干旱,半干旱地区的森林下限所采集的天山云杉（Picca schrenkinna var.tianschanica)树轮样本建立的树轮宽度年表具有最大的平均敏感度和最大的标准关蓄意助记词件表可能含有最多的降水信息,利用相关分析的方法计算了年轮宽度指数和气候要素间的相关关系,发现5月份的降水与年表的相关最好,进一步计算了旬降水量与年表的相关关系,发现5月下旬的降水与年表的单相关系灵敏最高,5月下旬的降水是森林下限云杉生长的主要限制因子,这一结果具有明确的树木生理学意义,云杉直径生长主要在5-8月份,其中5-6月份形成大约一半的年轮,5月下旬位于年轮形成关键时段的中部,为轮宽形成的最活跃期,同时5月下旬降水的大变率与夏干萨特年表的高敏感度相一致,从另一角度说明了5月下旬降水作为森林下限天山云杉生长关键限制因子的适当性,重建了大西沟气象站5月下旬326a的降水并分析了其长期变化特征,发现320多年来的5月下旬降水分为8个完整的干湿变化阶段,其中最干期出现在1701-1722年,最湿期出现在1961-1981年,降水序列具有显著的64,32,22,14,5和11a变化周期,其中的22a及11a周期与太阳黑子的活动周期相一致,利用方差分析方法进行了未来干湿变化趋势的预测,发现2001-2007年以降水偏少为主,而2008-2015年以偏多为主,这对于北疆重要粮食作物冬小麦的长期产量预报及种植规划具有重要意义。     

Community carbon and water exchange responses to warming and precipitation enhancement in sandy grassland along a restoration gradient

Temperature increasing and precipitation alteration are predicted to occur in arid and semiarid lands; however, the response mechanism of carbon and water exchange at community level is still unclear in semiarid sandy land. We investigated the responses of carbon and water exchanges to warming and precipitation enhancement along a sand dune restoration gradient: mobile sand dunes (MD), semifixed sand dunes (SFD), and fixed sand dunes (FD). The average net ecosystem productivity (NEP) and evapotranspiration (ET) between May and August increased by 98% and 59%, respectively, from MD to SFD, while they had no significant differences between FD and the other two habitats. Warming inhibited ecosystem NEP, ET, and water use efficiency (WUE) by 69%, 49% (p < .001), and 80%, respectively, in SFD, while it nearly had no significant effects in MD and FD. However, precipitation addition by 30% nearly had no significant effects on community NEP, ET, and WUE, except for warming treatment in FD. In general, precipitation addition of 30% may still not be enough to prevent drought stress for growth of plants, due to with low water holding capacity and high evaporation rates in sandy land. Temperature increase magnified drought stress as it increased evapotranspiration rates especially in summer. In addition, community NEP, ET, and WUE were usually influenced by interactions between habitats and temperature, as well as the interactions among habitats, temperature, and precipitation. Species differences in each habitat along the restoration gradient may alter climate sensitivity of sandy land. These results will support in understanding and the prediction of the impacts of warming and precipitation change in semiarid sandy grassland.     

The effect of sampling height on dendroclimatic analysis

The radial growth response to climate of white spruce in open grown conditions was examined at two measurement heights [breast height (1.3 m aboveground) versus stump height (0.3 m aboveground)] in order to examine the role of sampling height in dendroclimatic analysis. Twenty-four white spruce [Picea glauca (Moench) Voss] islands were sampled within Epinette prairie in the Spruce Woods Provincial Park (SWPP) located in south-western Manitoba. The structure of breast height and stump height residual chronologies were essentially the same after standardization and autoregressive (AR) modeling to stabilize growth variability, and AR modeling to remove temporal autocorrelation and thereby reduce low-frequency variation and enhance high-frequency variation. Correlation and response function analysis indicated that white spruce at the two sampling heights responded similarly to total precipitation, moisture index (precipitation subtract potential evapotranspiration), and minimum, mean, and maximum temperature. Both sampling heights also responded strongly to the cumulative effects of precipitation during the period of August of the previous year (t−1) to July of the current year (t). Regardless of the sampling heights considered, the results indicate that white spruce at its southern distribution limit responded strongly to moisture stress intensified by high temperatures. The results support the recommendation, at least for samples of white spruce at its southern distribution limit, that samples taken at stump height can be safely incorporated into tree-ring chronologies without the risk of diminishing the strength of chronologies in detecting climatic signals.