中国茸卷象属研究（鞘翅目：卷象科）

本文共记述中国茸卷象属Ｅｕｓｃｅｌｏｐｈｉｌｕｓ Ｖｏｓｓ７种,其中包括２新种：皱胸茸卷象Ｅｕｓｃｅｌｏｐｈｉｌｕｓ ｒｕｇｕｌｏｓｕｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．、齿腿茸卷象Ｅｕｓｃｅｌｏｐｈｉｌｕｓ ｄｅｎｔｉｃｕｌａｔｕｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．、１个中国新纪录种：缅甸茸卷象Ｅｕｓｃｅｌｏｐｈｉｌｕｓ ｂｕｒｍａｎｕｓ Ｍａｒｓｈａｌｌ,并将亚种Ｅｕｓｃｅｌｏｐｈｉｌｕｓ ｇｉｂｂｉｃｏｌｌｉｓ ｄｉｍｉｄａｔ     

陆生脊椎动物生态学研究的过去,现在和将来

陆生脊椎动物生态学研究的过去、现在和将来（前苏联科学院动物进化形态学与生态学研究所,莫斯科）Ｐａｓｔ,ＰｒｅｓｅｎｔａｎｄＦｕｔｕｒｅｏｆＥｃｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈｏｎＴｅｒｒｃｓｔｒｉａｌＶｃｔｅｂｒａｔｃｓ￥．（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＡｎｉｍａｌＥｖｏｌｕｔｉｏｎａｒｙＭｏｒｐｈｏｌｏｇｙａｎｄＥｃｏｌｏｇｙ,ｔｈｅＦｏｒｍｅｒＡｃａｄｅｍｙｏｆＳｃｌｅｎｃｅｓｏｆＳｏｖｉｅｔＵｎｉｏｎ）．ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＪｏｕｒｎａｌｏｆＥｃｏｌｏｇｙ,１９９３,１２（４）：６６－７１。Ｔｈｉｓｐａｐｅｒｄｅｓｃｒｉｂｅｓｔｈｅｍａｉｎｓｔａｇｅｓ,ｄｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｓａｎｄｉｔｅｍｓｏｆｅｃｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｉｎｔｈｅｆｏｒｍｅｒｓｏｖｉｅｔＵ－ｎｉｏｎ．ＥｃｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｉｎｔｈｅｃｏｕｎｔｒｙｗａｓｒｅｓｔｒｏｄｅｄｂｙｍａｎｙｓｕＵｅｃｔｉｖｅａｎｄｏＵｅｃｔｉｖｅｆａｃｔｏｒｓａｎｄｓｔｉｌｌｌａｇｓｂｅｈｉｎｄｔｈｅｗｏｒｌｄｌｅｖｅｌｉｎｍａｎｙａｓｐｅｃｔｓｓｕｃｈａｓｐｏｐｕｌａｔｉｏｎｄｙｎａｍｉｃｓｔｈｅｏｒｙ,ｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｔｙｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ,ｅｃｏ－     

农业生态系统的人类生态学分析模式探讨

农业生态系统的人类生态学分析模式探讨李季（北京农业大学农业生态环境科学系,１０００９４）ＡｎＡｎａｌｙｔｉｃａｌＭｏｄｅｌｏｆＡｇｒｏｅｃｏｓｙｓｔｅｍｆｒｏｍＨｕｍａｎＥｃｏｌｏｇｙＰｅｒｓｐｅｃｔｉｖｅ￥．ＬｉＪｉ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＥｃｏｌｏｇｙａｎｄＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ,ＢｅｉｊｉｎｇＡｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ１０００９４）．ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＪｏｕｒｎａｌｏｆＥｃｏｌｏｇｙ,１９９３,１２（２）：２３－２４．Ｂａｓｅｄｏｎｔｈｅａｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｆｏｕｒｃｕｒｒｅｎｔａｇｒｏ－ｅｃｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｒｃｓｅａｒｃｈ,ａｎｅｗａｎａｌｙｔｉｃａｌｍｏｄｅｌｏｆａｇｒｏ－ｅｃｏｓｙｓｔｅｍｋｅｓｔａｂｌｉｓｈｅｄａｎｄｔｈｅｃｏｎｔｅｎｔｓｏｆｉｔｓｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈａｒｅｒｅｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｄ．Ｔｈｅａｉｍｏｆｔｈｅｓｅｉｓｔｏｐｒｏｖｉｄｅａｍｏｄｅｌｆｏｒｔｈｅｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｏｆｒｅｇｉｏｎａｌａｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒｅ,ｗｈｉｃｈｃａｎｎｏｔｏｎｌｙｅｘｐａｎｄｔｈｅｃｕｒｒｅｎｔｒｅｌａｔｅｄｔｈｅｏｒｉｅｓａｎｄｍｅｔｈｏｄｏｌｏｇｉｅｓ,ｂｕｔ     

宁南山区灌溉农业立体复合种植生态系统生产力的研究

宁南山区灌溉农业立体复合种植生态系统生产力的研究杜守宇田恩平,王占山（宁夏农业技术推广总站,银川７５０００１）（固原县农业技术推广中心,７５６０００）ＳｔｕｄｙｏｎＰｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｖｉｔｙｏｆＩｒｒｉｇａｔｅｄＳｔｅｒｅｏｓｃｏｐｉｃＭｕｌｔｉｐｌｅ－ＣｒｏｐｐｉｎｇＥｃｏｓｙｓｔｅｍｓｉｎＭｏｕｎｔａｉｎｏｕｓＡｒｅａｏｆＳｏｕｔｈｅｒｎＮｉｎｇｘｉａ￥ＤｕＳｈｏｕｙｕ（ＣｅｌｌｅｒａｌＳｔａｔｉｏｎｏｆＡｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌＴｅｃｈｎｉｑｕｅＥｘｔｅｎｓｉｏｎｏｆＮｉｎｇｘｉａ,Ｙｉｎｃｈｕａｎ７５０００１）,ＴｉａｎＥｎｐｉｎｇ,ＷａｎｇＺｈａｎｓｈａｎ（ＡｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌＴｅｃｈｎｉｑｕｅＥｘｔｅｎｓｉｏｎＣｅｎｔｅｒｏｆＣｕｙｕａｎｃｏｕｎｔｙ,７５６０００）．ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＪｏｕｒｎａｌｏｆＥｃｏｌｏｇｙ,１９９３．１２（６）：１１－１６．ＴｈｅｖａｒｉｏｕｓｃｒｏｐｐｉｎｇｅｃｏｓｙｓｔｅｍｓａｒｅａｓｓｅｓｓｅｄｃｏｍｐｒｅｈｅｎｓｉｖｅｌｙｆｏｒｂｅｎｅｆｉｔｂｙｔｈｅａｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｆＨｉｅｒａｒｃｈｉｃａｌｐｒｏｃｅｄｕｒｅａｎｄｔｈｅｅｘｐｅｃｔｅｄｂｅｎｅｆｉｃｉａｌｖａ     

豆科牧草与冬小麦间作的农田生态效应

豆科牧草与冬小麦间作的农田生态效应毛凯,周寿荣（四川农业大学,雅安６２５０１４）ＥｃｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌＥｆｆｅｃｔｏｆＩｎｔｅｒｃｒｏｐｐｉｎｇＦｏｒａｇｅＬｅｇｕｍｅｓｗｉｔｈＷｉｎｔｅｒＷｈｅａｔ￥．ＭａｏＫａｉ,ＺｈｏｕＳｈｏｕｒｏｎｇ（ＳｉｃｈｕａｎＡｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｌｙ,Ｙａａｎ６２５０１４）．ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＪｏｕｒｎａｌｏｆＥｃｏｌｏｇｙ,１９９３,１２（４）：５５－５７．Ｅｃｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｅｓｏｎｔｈｅｉｎｔｅｒｃｒｏｐｐｉｎｇｏｆｆｏｒａｇｅｓｗｉｔｈｗｈｅａｔｗｅｒｅｃａｒｒｉｅｄｏｕｔｄｕｒｉｎｇ１９８９－１９９０．Ｔｈｅｉｔｅｍｓｉｎｃｌｕｄｅｒｅｌａｔｉｖｅｌｉｇｈｔｉｎｔｅｎｓｉｔｙ,ｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅ,ｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒａｌｖａｒｉａｔｉｏｎ,ｒｅｌａｔｉｖｅｈｕｍｉｄｉｔｙａｎｄｓｏｉｌｒｎｏｉｓ－ｔｕｒｅａｎｄｎｕｔｒｉｅｎｔｃｏｎｔｅｎｔｓ．Ｔｈｅｒｅｓｕｌｔｓａｒｅｓｕｍｍａｒｉｚｅｄｉｎｄｅｔａｉｌａｎｄｅｆｆｅｃｔｉｖｅｍｅａｓｕｒｅｓｆｏｒｓｏｉｌｐｒｏｔｅｃｔｉｏｎａｒｅｍｅｎｔｉｏｎｅｄ．Ｋｅｙｗｏｒｄｓ：ｅｃｏｌｏｇ     

一个农户庭院经济的效益及其能流分析

一个农户庭院经济的效益及其能流分析方达福（湖北省阳新县农业环境保护站４３５２００）ＡｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｆｔｈｅＥｃｏｎｏｍｉｃＢｅｎｅｆｉｔｓａｎｄＥｎｅｒｇｙＣｙｃｌｉｎｇｏｆｔｈｅＥｃｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌａｎｄＥｃｏｎｏｍｉｃＹａｒｄｉｎａＦａｒｍｅｒ...     

广西食植瓢虫属五新种：鞘翅目：瓢虫科

本文记述采自广西的食植瓢虫属Ｅｐｉｌａｃｈｎａ５新种,即花端食植瓢虫Ｅｐｉｌａｃｈｎａ ａｎｔｈｏｄｅａ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ。,短叶食植瓢虫Ｅ．ｂｒａｃｈｙｌｏｄｂ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ。浪平食植瓢虫Ｅ．ｌａｎｇｐｉｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,靴管食植瓢虫Ｅ．ｏｃｒｅａｔａ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．和管刺食植瓢虫Ｅ;ｓｉｐｏｎｅｃｈｉｎｕｌａｔａ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。     

Presence, isolation and characterization of yolk DNA from chicken eggs

ＥｘｔｒａｏｒｄｉｎａｒｙａｍｏｕｎｔｓｏｆＤＮＡｗｅｒｅｄｅｔｅｃｔｅｄｉｎｔｈｅｏｏｃｙｔｅｓａｎｄｍａｔｕｒｅｅｇｇｓｏｆａｍｐｈｉｂｉａｎｓａｎｄａｖｅｓ[1,2].ＥａｒｌｙｓｔｕｄｉｅｓｉｎｄｉｃａｔｅｄｔｈａｔｔｈｅｓｅＤＮＡａｒｅｉｎｔｒｉｎｓｉｃｔｏｙｏｌｋｐｌａｔｅｌｅｔｓｏｒｙｏｌｋｇｒａｎｕｌｅｓ[3].Ｂｒｕｃｅ[4]ｉｓｏｌａｔｅｄＤＮＡｆｒｏｍｉｎｔｒａｃｅｌｌｕｌａｒｙｏｌｋｇｒａｎｕｌｅｓｏｆｃｈｉｃｋｅｎｅｍｂｒｙｏｓ.Ｏｕｒｐｒｅｖｉｏｕｓｓｔｕｄｉｅｓｗｅｒｅｆｏｃｕｓ…     

Detection and Analysis of an Estrous－associated Oviductal Glycoprotein DNA Fragment from Primates by PCR

ＤｅｔｅｃｔｉｏｎａｎｄＡｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｆａｎＥｓｔｒｏｕｓ－ａｓｓｏｃｉａｔｅｄＯｖｉｄｕｃｔａｌＧｌｙｃｏｐｒｏｔｅｉｎＤＮＡＦｒａｇｍｅｎｔｆｒｏｍＰｒｉｍａｔｅｓｂｙＰＣＲ￥ＣＨＥＮＱｉｎｇ－ｘｕａｎ（陈清轩）;ＣｌａｙｔｏｎＥ．Ｗａｌｔｏ...     

中国宽距叶蜂属分类研究(膜翅目:蔺叶蜂科)

系统厘订了中国宽距叶蜂属种类,共记述１１种,包括８新种,移刃宽距叶蜂Ｅｕｒｈａｄｉｎｏｃｅｒａｅａ ｆｌｅｃｔｏｓｅｒｒｕｌａ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．长角宽距吉蜂Ｅｕｒｈａｄｉｎｏｃｅｒａｅａ ｌｏｎｇｉｃｏｒｎｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,吕氏宽距叶蜂Ｅｕｒｈａｄｉｎｏｃｅｒａｅａ ｌｕｉ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．黑足宽距叶蜂Ｅｕｒｈａｄｉｎｏｃｅｒａｅａ ｐｕｎｃｔａｔａ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．青海宽距叶蜂Ｅｕｒａｄｉｎｏｃｅ     

无藻萍的RAPD分析及其在三膘组满江红种间关系研究中的应用

从满江红Azolla Lam.萍-藻共生体中提取DNA进行的RAPD系统分析通常忽视了满江红样品的异质性。本研究通过获得无藻的满江红,比较有藻萍、无藻萍和离体藻之间的RAPD指纹图谱。发现从有藻萍中提取DNA的扩增反应来源于萍藻双方DNA的共同影响。依引物和植物样本的不同,共生双方对扩增产物的贡献结果不同,说明了用无藻萍进行RAPD检测的重要性。对满江红三膘组5个种的11个无藻萍样本进行了RAPD分析,由9个引物产生的127个DNA多态片段用于计算样本间的Jaccard相似系数和UPGMA树状聚类图。结果     

Immunocytochemical localization of nitrogenase in bacteria symbiotically associated with Azolla spp.

In situ immunogold labeling and transmission electron microscopy were used to detect nitrogenase in bacteria (bactobionts) symbiotically associated with leaf cavities of Azolla caroliniana and Azolla filiculoides. In A. caroliniana, the Fe protein of the nitrogenase complex was detected in a subset of the distinct bactobiont types present in leaf cavities of all ages. Similar results were obtained for the bactobionts of A. filiculoides with antisera against both the Fe and MoFe subunits of nitrogenase.     

Immunocytochemical localization of nitrogenase in bacteria symbiotically associated with Azolla spp.

In situ immunogold labeling and transmission electron microscopy were used to detect nitrogenase in bacteria (bactobionts) symbiotically associated with leaf cavities of Azolla caroliniana and Azolla filiculoides. In A. caroliniana, the Fe protein of the nitrogenase complex was detected in a subset of the distinct bactobiont types present in leaf cavities of all ages. Similar results were obtained for the bactobionts of A. filiculoides with antisera against both the Fe and MoFe subunits of nitrogenase.     

Preliminary Studies on Cytoplasmic Inheritance and Variation of Azolla

By investigating the variance of Azolla leaf colour of F1 generation obtained from negative and positive crossing of Azolla between two species (Azolla filiculoides × A. microphylla, A. filiculoides × A. mescicana) and two subgenus (A. filiculoides × A. imbricata), it was revealed that the albinism of the hybrid F1 generation was variation resulting from maternal cytoplasmic inheritance, when A. filiculoide was used as female parent. Electron microscopic observation demonstrated abnormal development of plastid in the albino sporeling. The cell of light green seedling contained both normal and abnormal plastid. Both were probably related to variation in the plastid genotype. Significant difference occurred in the degree and freguency of albinism from various crossing forms, and such change had its vegularity in accord with the variation of the nuclear genotype. The results speculated that albinism were also closely related to the nuclear genotype.     

温度对三种满江红光合及固氮活性的影响

本文报道满江红(Azolla imbricata)、卡洲满江红(A. caroliniana)和蕨状满江红(A. filiculoides)的光合与固氮(乙炔还原)活性对温度的反应差异。根区培养液温度在7—40℃范围内满江红与卡洲满江红的光合活性在30℃达到峰值,高于或低于30℃均急剧下降。而蕨状满江红在7—25℃的根区温度范围内光合活性差异不大,高于25℃则下降(图2)。0℃24小时或40℃2小时暗预处理对三种满江红光合活性与乙炔还原活性表现出不同影响(图3,4)。本文报道的方法可用于满江红生理生态参量的比较研究。     

Response of growth and antioxidant enzymes in Azolla plants (Azolla pinnata and Azolla filiculoides) exposed to UV-B

Effect of ultravilolet-B (0.4 Wm(-2)) irradiation on growth, flavonoid content, lipid peroxidation, proline accumulation and activities of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase was comparatively analysed in Azolla pinnata and Azolla filiculoides. Growth measured as increment in dry weight reduced considerably due to all UV-B treatments. However, the reduction was found to be severe in A. filiculoides as compared to A. pinnata. The level of UV-absorbing compound flavonoids increased significantly in A. pinnata plants whereas only a slight increase in the flavonoid content was observed in A. filiculoides. UV-B exposure led to enhanced production of malondialdehyde (MDA) and electrolyte leakage in A. filiculoides than A. pinnata. Proline accumulation also showed a similar trend. Marked differences in the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) was noticed in both the plants exposed to UV-B. Our comparative studies indicate A. pinnata to be better tolerant to UV-B as compared with A. filiculoides which appears to be sensitive.     

Studies on cadmium localization in the water fern Azolla

Uptake of cadmium by the water fern Azolla filiculoides (Lamarck) was characterized, and the localization of the metal in the roots and shoots as well as its effects on some essential elements were studied. Cadmium was accumulated at a rapid rate in Azolla plants within 1 h and then more gradually up to 77 h. Cadmium content was increased in the inner epidermis, cortex and bundle cell walls of the root between 33 and 77 h. This accumulation was characterized by the appearance of small dark grains with high content of cadmium, phosphate and calcium along the epidermal cells. The shoots of Azolla plants grown in the presence of cadmium showed high content of cadmium only in the ventral lobe submerged in the growth medium, suggesting that cadmium was absorbed directly from the medium. The effect of cadmium on essential elements in Azolla was characterized by simultaneous increases in calcium and cadmium content in the root and shoot and by decreases in magnesium content in the root and potassium content in the shoot.     

Genetic diversity among and within cultured cyanobionts of diverse species of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Azolla</Emphasis>

The cyanobionts isolated from 10 Azolla accessions belonging to 6 species (Azolla mexicana, A. microphylla, A. rubra, A. caroliniana, A. filiculoides, A. pinnata) were cultured under laboratory conditions and analyzed on the basis of whole cell protein profiles and molecular marker dataset generated using repeat sequence primers (STRR(mod) and HipTG). The biochemical and molecular marker profiles of the cyanobionts were compared with those of the free-living cyanobacteria and symbiotic Nostoc strains from Anthoceros sp., Cycas sp. and Gunnera monoika. Cluster analysis revealed the genetic diversity among the selected strains, and identified 3 distinct clusters. Group 1 included cyanobionts from all the 10 accessions of Azolla, group 2 comprised all the symbiotic Nostoc strains, while group 3 included the free-living cyanobacteria belonging to the genera Nostoc and Anabaena. The interrelationships among the Azolla cyanobionts were further revealed by principal component analysis. Cyanobionts from A. caroliniana-A. microphylla grouped together while cyanobionts associated with A. mexicana-A. filiculoides along with A. pinnata formed another group. A. rubra cyanobionts had intermediate relationship with both the subgroups. This is the first study analyzing the diversity existing among the cultured cyanobionts of diverse Azolla species through the use of biochemical and molecular profiles and also the genetic distinctness of these free-living cyanobionts as compared to cyanobacterial strains of the genera Anabaena and Nostoc.     

Contribution of Azolla filiculoides to hydrazine elimination from water

Wetlands Ecology and Management - In this research we report the significant effect of the floating water fern Azolla filiculoides on the elimination of hydrazine (N2H4) from water, which is a...     

Identification of a common cyanobacterial symbiont associated with Azolla spp. through molecular and morphological characterization of free-living and symbiotic cyanobacteria.

Symbiotically associated cyanobacteria from Azolla mexicana and Azolla pinnata were isolated and cultured in a free-living state. Morphological analyses revealed differences between the free-living isolates and their symbiotic counterparts, as did restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analyses with both single-copy glnA and rbcS gene probes and a multicopy psbA gene probe. RFLP analyses with Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 nifD excision element probes, including an xisA gene probe, detected homologous sequences in DNA extracted from the free-living isolates. Sequences homologous to these probes were not detected in DNA from the symbiotically associated cyanobacteria. These analyses indicated that the isolates were not identical to the major cyanobacterial symbiont species residing in leaf cavities of Azolla spp. Nevertheless, striking similarities between several free-living isolates were observed. In every instance, the isolate from A. pinnata displayed banding patterns virtually identical to those of free-living cultures previously isolated from Azolla caroliniana and Azolla filiculoides. These results suggest the ubiquitous presence of a culturable minor cyanobacterial symbiont in at least three species of Azolla.