沈阳市东陵区景观生态潜力研究

沈阳市东陵区景观生态潜力研究赵羿,吴彦明（中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,１１００１５）邓百祥（辽宁省水利水电勘测设计研究院,沈阳１１０００６）ＥｃｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌＰｏｔｅｎｔｉａｌｏｆＬａｕｄｓｃａｐｅｉｎＤｏｎｇｌｉｎｇＤｉｓｔｒｉｃｔｏｆＳｈｅｎｙａｎｇ￥ＺｈａｏＹｉ;ＷｕＹａｎｍｉｎｇ（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＡｐｐｌｉｅｄＥｃｏｌｏｇｙ,ＡｃａｄｅｍｉａＳｉｎｉｃａ,Ｓｈｅｎｙａｎｇ１１００１５）,ＤｅｎｇＢａｉｘｉａｎｇ（ＬｉａｏｎｉｎｇＡｃａｄｅｍｙｏｆＷａｔｅｒＣｏｎ－ｓｅｒｖａｎｃｙａｎｄＷａｔｅｒＰｏｗｅｒＳｕｒｅｅｙｉｎｇａｎｄＤｅｓｉｇｎｉｎｇ,Ｓｈｅｎｙａｎｇ１１０００６）．ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＪｏｕｒｎａｌｏｆＥｃｏｌｏｇｙ,１９９３,１２（５）：１－８。Ｅｃｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｐｏｔｅｎｔｉａｌｏｆｌａｕｄｓｃａｐｅｃｏｎｓｉｓｔｓｏｆｉｔｓｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｖｅｐｏｔｅｎｔｉａｌ,ｅｃｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｐｏｔｅｎｔｉａｌａｎｄｐｒｉｃｅｌｅｓｓｐｏ－ｔｅｎｔｉａｌ．Ｔｈｒｏｕｇｈｃａｌｃｕｌａｔｉｎｇｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｖｅｐｏｔｅｎｔｉａｌｓ（ｐｈｏｔｏｓｙｎｔｈｅｔｉｃｐｏｔ     

应用生态学报第5卷（1994）关键词索引

应用生态学报第５卷（１９９４）关键词索引ＣＨＩＮＥＳＥＪＯＵＲＮＡＬＯＦＡＰＰＬＩＥＤＥＣＯＬＯＧＹＶｏｌ．５（１９９４）ＫＥＹＷＯＲＤＩＮＤＥＸＡＡｃａｎｔｈｏｐａｎａｘｓｅｎｌｉｃｏｓｕｓｉｇｌｏｏ５（３）：２３７Ａｇｒｏｅｃｏｓｙｓｔｅｍ￥ｋ４...     

Expression of Porcine Growth Hormone Gene in CHO Cell

ＥｘｐｒｅｓｓｉｏｎｏｆＰｏｒｃｉｎｅＧｒｏｗｔｈＨｏｒｍｏｎｅＧｅｎｅｉｎＣＨＯＣｅｌｌＣＨＥＮＱｉｎｇ－ｘｕａｎ（陈清轩）;ＨＥＸｉｎ（何新）;ＤＥＮＧＨｕｉ－ｎａｎ（邓辉南）（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＤｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔａｌＢｉｏｌｏｇｙ,Ａｃ...     

洞庭湖滨湖湿地平原农村生态工程初步研究

洞庭湖滨湖湿地平原农村生态工程初步研究严斧,游有林,刘劲凡,卢源德,周为民（中国科学院生态环境研究中心系统生态室沅江课题组,大庸市４１６６００）ＲｕｒａｌＥｃｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌＥｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇｏｎＷｅｔｌａｎｄＰｌａｉｎｏｆＤｏｎｇｔｉｎｇＬａｋｅｓｉｄｅ￥．ＹａｎＦｕ;ＹｏｕＹｏｕｌｉｎ;ＬｉｕＪｉｎｆａｎ;ＬｕＹｕａｎｄｅ;ＺｈｏｕＷｅｉｍｉｎ（ＹｕａｎｊｉａｎｇＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＧｒｏｕｐ,ＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＣｅｎｔｅｒｆｏｒＥｃｏ－ｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌＳｃｉｅｎｃｅ,Ａ－ｃａｄｅｍｉａＳｉｎｉｃａ,Ｄａｙｏｎｇ４１６６００）．ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＪｏｕｒｎａｌｏｆＥｃｏｌｏｇｙ,１９９３,１２（２）：４５—４８．ＡｃｃｏｒｄｉｎｇｔｏｔｈｅｍａｉｎｔｙｐｅｓｏｆｒｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｃｏｍｂｉｎａｔｉｏｎｓｏｎｗｅｔｌａｎｄｐｌａｉｎｏｆＤｏｎｇｔｉｎｇｌａｋｅｓｉｄｅ,ｓｅｖｅｒａｌｅｃｏ－ｌｏｇｉｃａｌｅｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇｓｉｎｃｌｕｄｉｎｇｌａｋｅｓｉｄｅｒｅｅｄ－ｆｏｒｅｓｔ,ｌｏｗｌａｎｄｒｉｃｅ－ｆｉｓｈ－ｒａｍｉｅ,ｒｎａｎｕｒｅ－ｆｏｒａｇｅ－ｆｕｅｌ,ｆｉｓｈ－ｐｉｇ－ｄｕｃｋａｎｄｆ     

中国对虾cDNA文库的构建

中国对虾ｃＤＮＡ文库的构建ＣＯＮＳＴＲＵＣＴＩＯＮＯＦｃＤＮＡＬＩＢＲＡＲＹＯＦＳＨＲＩＭＰＰＥＮＡＥＵＳＣＨＩＮＥＮＳＩＳ（ＣＲＵＳＴＡＣＥＡ,ＤＥＣＡＰＯＤＡ）关键词中国对虾ｃＤＮＡ文库构建ＫｅｙｗｏｒｄｓＰｅｎａｅｕｓｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ,ｃＤＮ...     

独墅湖颤蚓翻新底泥量的估算

独墅湖颤蚓翻新底泥量的估算曹勇（苏州城建环保学院,２１５００８）ＱｕａｎｔｉｔａｔｉｖｅＥｓｔｉｍａｔｉｏｎｏｆＳｅｄｉｍｅｎｔＲｅｎｅｗａｌｂｙＴｕｂｉｆｉｃｉｄｓｉｎＤｕｓｈｕＬａｋｅ￥ＣａｏＹｏｎｇ（ＳｕｚｈｏｕＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＵｒｂａｎＣｏｎｓｔｒｕｃｔｉｏｎ＆ＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌＰｒｏｔｅｃｔｉｏｎ,２１５００８）．ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＪｏｕｒｎａｌｏｆＥｃｏｌｏｇｙ,１９９３,１２（１）：５６－５８。Ｔｕｂｉｆｉｃｉｄｓａｒｅｓａｍｐｌｅｄｍａｉｎｌｙａｔａｎｉｎｔｅｒｖａｌｏｆｔｗｏｍｏｎｔｈｓｉｎ１９８４．ＳｉｘｓｐｅｃｉｅｓａｒｅｆｏｕｎｄｉｎｔｈｅｓｅｄｉｍｅｎｔｏｆＤｕｓｈｕｌａｋｅ,ａｎｄＬｉｍｎｏｄｒｉｌｕｓｈｏｆｆｍｅｉｓｔｒｉａｎｄＢｒａｎｃｈｕｒａｓｏｗｅｒｂｙｉａｒｅｄｏｍｉｎａｎｔｓｐｅｃｉｅｓ．Ｔｈｅｄｅｆｅｃａｔｉｏｎｒａｔｅｓｏｆｔｈｅｓｅｔｗｏｓｐｅｃｉｅｓａｒｅｍｅａｓｕｒｅｄａｎｄｔｈｅａｍｏｕｎｔｓｏｆｓｅｄｉｍｅｎｔｒｅｎｅｗａｌａｒｅｅｓｔｉｍａｔｅｄ．Ｋｅｙｗｏｒｄｓ：Ｔｕｂｉｆｉｃｉｄｓ,ｌａｋｅｓｅｄｉｍｅｎｔ,Ｄｕｓｈｕｌａｋｅ．水栖寡毛类     

林隙（gap）更新动态研究进展

林隙（ｇａｐ）更新动态研究进展臧润国（中国林业科学研究院生态环境研究所,北京１０００９３）ＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＡｄｖａｎｃｅｓｏｆＧａｐＲｅｇｅｎｅｒａｔｉｏｎＤｙｎａｍｉｃｓ．ＺａｎｇＲｕｎｇｕｏ（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＥｃｏｌｏｇｙａｎｄＥｎｖｉｒ...     

生态农业与乡村经济持续发展

生态农业与乡村经济持续发展张壬午,计文瑛,孙鸿良（天津农业部环境保护研究所,３００１９１）（中国农科院,北京１０００８１）ＥｃｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌＡｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒｅａｎｄＳｕｓｔａｉｎａｂｌｅＤｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｏｆＲｕｒａｌＥｃｏｎｏｍｙ￥．ＺｈａｎｇＲｅｎｗｕ;ＪｉＷｅｎｙｉｎｇ（Ａｇｒｏ－ｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔＰｒｏｔｅｃｌｉｏｎＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅ,Ｔｉａｎｊｉｎ３００１９１）,ＳｕｎＨｏｎｇｌｉａｎｇ（ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＡｃａｄｅｍｙｏｆＡｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌＳｃｉｅｎｃｃｓ,Ｂｅｉｊｉｎｇ１０００８１）．ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＪｏｕｒｎａｌｏｆＥｃｏｌｏｇｙ,１９９３,１２（２）：１９—２０．ＴｈｉｓｐａｐｅｒｂｒｉｅｆｌｙｐｒｅｓｅｎｔｓｔｈｅｃｕｒｒｅｎｔｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｏｆｅｃｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌａｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒｅｉｎＣｈｉｎａａｎｄｃｏｍｐａｒｅｓｗｉｔｈｔｈｅ＇＇ｓｕｓｔａｉｎａｂｌｅａｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒｅａｎｄｒｕｒａｌｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔ＇＇（ＳＡＲＤ）ｐｕｔｆｏｒｗａｒｄｂｙＦＡＯ,Ｃｈｉｎａ’ｓｓｕｓｔａｉｎａｂｌｅａ－ｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒｅｉｓｎｏｔｏｎｌｙａｎｉｎｇｅｎｉｏｕｓ     

SELF-TRAINING NEURAL NETWORK MODEL FOR REAL TIME TOMOGRAPHY DATA PROCESSING

ＳＥＬＦ—ＴＲＡＩＮＩＮＧＮＥＵＲＡＬＮＥＴＷＯＲＫＭＯＤＥＬＦＯＲＲＥＡＬＴＩＭＥＴＯＭＯＧＲＡＰＨＹＤＡＴＡＰＲＯＣＥＳＳＩＮＧＹｕ．Ｋｕｌｃｈｉｎ;Ｏ．Ｋａｍｅｎｅｙ（Ｄｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆｐｈｙｓｉｃｓ,ＦａｒＥａｓｔｅｒｎＳｔａｔｅＴｅｃ...     

细胞周期蛋白（cyclin）D在鼻咽癌中的表达及功能初？…

探讨了细胞周期蛋白（ｃｙｃｌｉｎ）Ｄ在ＥＢ病毒（Ｅｐｓｔｅｉｎ－Ｂａｒｒ ｖｉｒｕｓ）潜伏膜蛋白１（ｌａｔｅｎｔ ｍｅｍｂｒａｎｅ ｐｒｏｔｅｉｎ,ＬＭＰ１）阳性和阴性表达的鼻咽癌细胞５系中的表达特征,利用流式细胞仪同时从ＤＮＡ及蛋白质水平初步分析了ｃｙｃｌｉｎ Ｄ１在鼻咽癌细胞系中的功能。Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ印迹的结果发现ｃｙｃｌｉｎｈ Ｄ１在ＣＮＥ－ＬＭＰ１中过表达,在ＨＮＥ１中表达较弱;Ｃｙｃｌｉ     

食肉质果鸟对种子的传播作用

食肉质果鸟对种子的传播作用鲁长虎常家传（东北林业大学,哈尔滨１５００４０）ＥｆｆｅｃｔｏｆｔｈｅＦｌｅｓｈｙ＿ｆｒｕｉｔｓＥａｔｉｎｇＢｉｒｄｓｏｎＳｅｅｄＤｉｓｐｅｒｓａｌ．ＬｕＣｈａｎｇｈｕ,ＣｈａｎｇＪｉａｃｈｕａｎ（ＮｏｒｔｈｅａｓｔＦｏ...     

Two-phase seed dispersal: linking the effects of frugivorous birds and seed-caching rodents

Frugivorous birds disperse the seeds of many fruit-bearing plants, but the fate of seeds after defecation or regurgitation is often unknown. Some rodents gather and scatter hoard seeds, and some of these may be overlooked, germinate, and establish plants. We show that these two disparate modes of seed dispersal are linked in some plants. Rodents removed large (>25 mg) seeds from simulated bird feces (pseudofeces) at rates of 8–50%/day and scatter hoarded them in soil. Ants (Formica sibylla) also harvested some seeds and carried them to their nests. Rodents carried seeds 2.5±3.2 m to cache sites (maximum 12 m) and buried seeds at 8±7 mm depth. Enclosure studies suggest that yellow pine chipmunks (Tamias amoenus) and deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) made the caches. In spring, some seeds germinated from rodent caches and established seedlings, but no seedlings established directly from pseudofeces. This form of two-phase seed dispersal is important because each phase offers different benefits to plants. Frugivory by birds permits relatively long-range dispersal and potential colonization of new sites, whereas rodent caching moves seeds from exposed, low-quality sites (bird feces on the ground surface) to a soil environment that may help maintain seed viability and promote successful seedling establishment.     

Linking structure and functionality in mutualistic networks: do core frugivores disperse more seeds than peripheral species?

Seed dispersal networks are often organized in nested structures in a way that a few core species can disproportionally affect the remaining species in a network, in both the ecological and evolutionary sense. Yet, the relative importance of core and peripheral species has not been properly tested in seed dispersal network studies. We determined core species from 10 local seed dispersal networks composed by fleshy‐fruited plants and frugivorous birds. Each of those local quantitative networks was characterized with a core quality value, a core score for each species and a threshold value between core and peripheral species. From a total of 52 bird and 69 plant species that interacted in the study area, only 8 and 15, respectively, were identified as core. Each local network had a core that comprised a small number of birds and plants, always lower than 30% of the interacting species. There was no difference in the quantitative component of seed dispersal effectiveness (QC) provided by the frugivorous bird assemblage to plant functional groups clustered according to their growth form and fruit characteristics. Core birds dispersed seeds from each of these plant functional groups with a higher QC than peripheral species. Thus, we empirically demonstrate for the first time that seed dispersal networks at a regional scale have a small core set of fruit‐eating birds, upon which heavily rely most fleshy‐fruited plants for their seed removal. Hence, the activity of just a few core frugivores could deeply impact the demography of an entire assemblage of fleshy‐fruited plants.     

Fruits foraging patterns and seed dispersal effect of frugivorous birds on Hippophae rhamnoides sinensis

Behaviors of 18 species of birds eating fruits of Hippophae rhamnoides spp.sinensis were observed from September 2003 to March 2004.Their foraging patterns were found to be very different and Can be divided into five classes:(1)direct swallowing the fruits on crown of the shrubs and sometimes regurgitating seeds soon after;(2)carrying the fruits to their perching sites and swallowing;(3)pecking the fruits from the shrubs to the ground,eating pulp and seeds but leaving pericarp;(4)pecking through the pericarp,eating pulp and leaving pericarp and seeds;(5)pecking through the pericarp on the top of fruits,and only eating seeds.These foraging patterns have different effects on seed dispersal of H.rhamnoides spp.sinensis.The germination experiment of three groups of seeds(seeds from feces,dry fruits and extracted seeds from dry fruits)was carried out.Although ingestion processes of birds had some adverse effects on the seed germination of H.rhamnoides spp.sinensis,the seeds from feces still have a relatively higher germination ratio.H.rhamnoides spp.sinensis provides food to a variety of frugivorous birds.and the birds disperse its seeds.Thus,a mutually beneficial relationship between the bird and the seed is formed.     

Dispersal by rodent caching increases seed survival in multiple ways in canopy‐fire ecosystems

Seed‐caching rodents have long been seen as important actors in dispersal ecology. Here, we focus on the interactions with plants in a fire‐disturbance community, specifically Arctostaphylos species (Ericaceae) in California chaparral. Although mutualistic relationships between caching rodents and plants are well studied, little is known how this type of relationship functions in a disturbance‐driven system, and more specifically to systems shaped by fire disturbance. By burying seeds in the soil, rodents inadvertently improve the probability of seed surviving high temperatures produced by fire. We test two aspects of vertical dispersal, depth of seed and multiple seeds in caches as two important dimensions of rodent‐caching behavior. We used a laboratory experimental approach to test seed survival under different heating conditions and seed bank structures. Creating a synthetic soil seed bank and synthetic fire/heating in the laboratory allowed us to have control over surface heating, depth of seed in the soil, and seed cache size. We compared the viability of Arctostaphylos viscida seeds from different treatment groups determined by these factors and found that, as expected, seeds slightly deeper in the soil had substantial increased chances of survival during a heating event. A key result was that some seeds within a cache in shallow soil could survive fire even at a depth with a killing heat pulse compared to isolated seeds; temperature measurements indicated lower temperatures immediately below caches compared to the same depth in adjacent soil. These results suggest seed caching by rodents increases seed survival during fire events in two ways, that caches disrupt heat flow or that caches are buried below the heat pulse kill zone. The context of natural disturbance drives the significance of this mutualism and further expands theory regarding mutualisms into the domain of disturbance‐driven systems.     

Are large frugivorous birds better seed dispersers than medium‐ and small‐sized ones? Effect of body mass on seed dispersal effectiveness

Frugivorous birds vary in seed dispersal effectiveness (SDE) depending on their body mass. It has been suggested that large birds are more effective dispersers than small ones because they consume a large number of fruits, disperse seeds of distinct sizes, and transport seeds over long distances. Yet, few studies have evaluated the impact of body mass on SDE of birds. In this study, we compiled one database for the quantity (i.e., frequency of visits to plants and number of seeds removed per visit) and quality (i.e., germination of seeds after gut passage and gut retention time of seeds) of seed dispersal by frugivorous birds to evaluate the impact of body mass on SDE. In addition, we compiled data on plant characteristics such as life‐form, fruit type, number of seeds per fruit, and size of seed to evaluate their influence on the quantity and quality of seed dispersal. Data were analyzed with linear mixed effects models and quantile regressions to evaluate the relationship between body mass of birds and quantity, quality, and SDE, in addition to the influence of plant characteristics on SDE. The body mass of birds was negatively related to the frequency of visits to plants. Furthermore, it was positively related to the number of seeds removed per visit, although negatively related to seed size. The life‐form of plants was the only factor explaining the germination of seeds after gut passage. Yet, the body mass of birds was positively related to the gut retention time of seeds. Small and medium birds have a relatively higher SDE than large birds. These results differ from the assertion that large birds are more effective dispersers of plants. Small and medium birds are also effective dispersers of plants that should be preserved and protected from the impact of human activities.     

Diversity of seeds captured by interception exceeds diversity of seeds deposited in traps

Seed dispersal, a key process in terrestrial landscapes, is increasingly important in the face of habitat fragmentation and global climate change. Seed dispersal is also notoriously difficult to characterize, especially in species rich and spatially complex tropical forests. We contrasted assemblages of biotically dispersed seeds collected from four sites using two methods: deposition into seed traps and interception by the capture of frugivorous birds. We also compared seed deposition and interception with local fruit production. Species accumulation curves for seeds deposited in seed traps began to level off sooner than curves for seeds collected from birds captured in mist nets, and extrapolation showed significantly greater estimated species richness for seeds collected from birds than for those deposited in traps. Assemblages from birds and from traps at each site were quite different, with an abundance‐based similarity index of 0.64; this dissimilarity increases if bat‐dispersed seeds are included in the analysis. Common bird‐dispersed species were retrieved from both mist‐netted birds and from seed traps, but numerous locally fruiting understory species were recovered only from birds. We conclude that the sampling of seeds carried by birds provides a valuable complement to other methods of studying seed dispersal in species‐rich tropical forests by revealing relationships between specific dispersers and their seed plants and by creating a more complete account of species diversity of seeds being transported at a given site.     

Regulation of cache stores and body mass in Carolina chickadees (Panes carolinensis)

Here I report the results of laboratory experiments on cachingbehavior of Carolina chickadees (Parus carolinensis) designedto test the following predictions from a recent dynamic optimizationmodel: under limited resources, small birds, when fat, shouldcache food instead of eating it, but they should eat insteadof caching when lean; when resources are abundant, birds shouldcache less when fat and more when lean. In addition, when resourcesare abundant the amount of time spent in foraging-related activityshould decrease with an increase in body mass. Chickadees weretested for 2 weeks in either a poor-quality environment (wherethey were given four 5-min periods per day of access to a feederfilled with sunflower seeds) or a richer environment (wherethey were given four 10-min access periods); they were thenswitched to the alternative environment for an additional 2weeks. The entire experiment lasted from October through June.Within-individual comparisons showed that birds in both thepoor and rich environments exhibited the predicted correlationsbetween the probability that a seed was cached and body massmeasured at dawn. The number of seeds already stored had a weakand variable effect on caching decisions. Time budgets changedas predicted; birds spent less time with food-related behaviorswhen their energy stores were high compared to when they werelow, and overall spent a higher fraction of their time foragingin the poor-quality environment compared to the rich environment.Two other variables also affected caching behavior: experienceand season. Individuals were more likely to cache in the poorenvironment when they had been tested in the rich environmentthe previous 2 weeks, as compared with birds started in thepoor environment. However, this was true only for tests donein the winter. In late spring, all birds stopped caching orreduced caching rates when faced with limited food availability,irrespective of previous experience. The birds harvested seedsfaster when they cached instead of eating seeds; as a result,long-term weight regulation in the poor environment was affectedby caching decisions. Birds tested in late spring lost weightin the poor environment, whereas those tested in the wintermaintained a stable weight when switched from the rich to thepoor environment. Thus, annual endogenous cues directly affectcaching decisions and indirectly influence the long-term regulationof body mass     

Integration of exotic seeds into an Azorean seed dispersal network

Seed dispersal plays a central role in plant ecology. Among animals, birds are particularly important seed dispersers, often incorporating exotic plants into their diets and facilitating their integration in the communities. Network theory offers a highly informative framework to study the structural and functional attributes of complex interactions networks. We used information from bird fecal samples to build a quantitative seed dispersal network for the last fragment of native laurel forest in the island of São Miguel—Azores with three specific objectives: (1) to assess the integration of exotic seeds into seed dispersal; (2) to evaluate the impact of exotic plants in network structure; (3) to test the potential of an exotic species to reduce the seed dispersal of a co-occurring native, via competition for seed dispersers. The seed dispersal network was based on the analysis of 1,121 droppings and described 74 unique interactions between 41 plant species and 7 bird species. Exotic seeds deeply infiltrated into the seed dispersal network forming the majority (59 %) of seeds in the droppings and including those of three globally invasive plants. Overall, birds depended equally on native and exotic fruits despite the lower abundance of the latter in the study area. In an experiment, birds did not show a preference for fruits of the exotic Leycesteria formosa over the native Vaccinium cylindraceum consuming them equally. However, the presence of the exotic plant negatively affected the number of native seeds dispersed, by diverting some of the consumers of the native fruits. Taken altogether the results reveal an alarming invasion level of seed dispersal systems in one of the last remnant native forests of the Azores.     

Frugivory,Post‐feeding Flights of Frugivorous Birds and the Movement of Seeds in a Brazilian Fragmented Landscape

Habitat fragmentation can break down the movement processes of frugivorous animals, thus influencing the relationship between plants and their seed dispersers by altering the number and identity of seed dispersers, and their relative contribution to seed dispersal. We studied the assemblages of frugivorous birds, their composition, species richness, and visitation rates to fruiting plants growing in the different landscape elements (forest fragments, live fences, and trees isolated in pastures) embedded in a Brazilian fragmented, agricultural landscape. By following the post‐feeding movements of frugivorous birds, we inferred the direction of seed movement from and to each of these landscape elements. Fruiting trees growing at different landscape elements were visited by frugivorous birds at similar rates. Isolated trees attracted a greater and distinct bird assemblage than trees in forest fragments or live fences. Judging by the post‐feeding flights of birds, the seeds of isolated trees were the most likely to reach all the landscape elements considered, but the contribution of isolated trees to the seeds falling in forested habitats or pastures depended on their degree of isolation. A few bird species were able to move widely, visiting fruiting plants in all landscape elements, and promoting long‐distance dispersal for plants. These few birds are of special interest because they are mobile links that connect habitats in fragmented landscapes with their seed dispersal services. Abstract in Spanish is available at http://www.blackwell‐synergy.com/loi/btp .