The Second Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Biotechnology

ＡＤＶＩＳＯＲＪＩＡＯＲｕｉ Ｓｈｅｎ (Ｊ .Ｓ .Ｃｈａｏ)　　Ｐｒｏｆｅｓｓｏｒ(ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＰｌａｎｔＰｈｙｓｉｏｌｏｇｙａｎｄＥｃｏｌｏｇｙ ,ＳｈａｎｇｈａｉＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｓｆｏｒＢｉｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ ,ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＡｃａｄｅｍｙｏｆＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ ,Ｓｈａｎｇｈａｉ 2 0 0 0 32 ,Ｃｈｉｎａ)ＥＤＩＴＯＲ ＩＮ ＣＨＩＥＦＹＡＮＧＳｈｅｎｇ Ｌｉ　　Ａｃａｄｅｍｉｃｉａｎ(ＳｈａｎｇｈａｉＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＣｅｎｔｅｒｆｏｒＢｉｏｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ ,ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＡｃａ…     

Weishengwuxue Tongbao MICROBIOLOGY Vol .29 2002 CONTENTS

Ｎｏ .1ＳｔｕｄｉｅｓｏｆＳｃｒｅｅｎｉｎｇＭｉｃｒｏｏｒｇａｎｉｓｍｓｄｅｇｒａｄｉｎｇＬｉｎｅａｒＳｏｄｉｕｍＡｌｋｙｌｂｅｎｚｅｎｅｓｕｌｆｏｎａｔｅ (ＬＡＳ)ａｎｄｉｔｓＤｅｇｒａｄｉｎｇＣｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓ　ＹＩＮＧＱｉ Ｆｅｎｇ,ＸＩＡＯＣｈａｎｇ Ｓｏｎｇ,ＪＩＳｈｕ Ｌａｎ ( 1)……………………………………………………………………ＳｃｒｅｅｎｉｎｇｏｆＳｉｒａｉｎｓＰｒｏｄｕｃｉｎｇＬｉｐａｓｅｓｗｉｔｈｈｉｇｈＡｃｔｉｖｉｔｉｅｓａｎｄＣｏｎｓｔｒｕｃｔｉｏｎｏｆＳｔｒａｉｎ…     

Partial Abstracts of the 5th Conference of the Asia-Pacific Infernational Molecular Biology Network (A-IMBN)(Part Ⅱ)

Ｎｏｖｅｍｂｅｒ 3- 5 ,2 0 0 2 ,ＳｈａｎｇｈａｉＴｈｅｂｉｏｓｙｎｔｈｅｓｉｓｏｆａｕｒｏｄｒｏｓｏｐｔｅｒｉｎｉｎＤｒｏｓｏｐｈｉｌａｍｅｌａｎｏｇａｓｔｅｒ :Ｐｕｒｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎ ,ｃｌｏｎｉｎｇａｎｄｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｚａｔｉｏｎｏｆｄｉ ｈｙｄｒｏｐｔｅｒｉｎｄｅａｍｉｎａｓｅＣｈｉｙｏｕｎｇＡｈｎ ,ＪａｅｋｗａｎｇＫｉｍ ,ＳａｎｇｉｃｋＰａｒｋ ,ＪｅｏｎｇｂｉｎＹｉｍ (ＳｃｈｏｏｌｏｆＢｉｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ,ＳｅｏｕｌＮａｔｉｏｎａｌＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ ,Ｓｅｏｕｌ 15 …     

东濮凹陷早第三纪的海侵(泛)事件

依据生物化石Ｓｐｈｅｎｏｌｉｔｈｕｓ ｃｉｐｅｒｏｅｎｓｉｓ,Ｄｉｃｔｙｏｃｏｃｃｉｔｅｓ ａｂｉｓｅｃｔｕｓ,Ｃｏｃｃｏｌｉｔｈｕｓ ｐｅｌａｇｉｃｕｓ,Ｒｅｔｉｃｕｌｏｆｅｎｅｓｔｒａ ｓｐ．,Ｓｉｎｏｃｙｓｔａ ｍｉｎｕｔａ,Ｓ．ｓｕｂｔｉｌｉｓ,Ｃｏｒｄｏｓｐｈａｅｒｉｄｉｕｍ,Ａｃｈｏｍｏｓｐｈａｅｒａ,Ｓｐｉｎｉｆｅｒｉｔｅｓ,Ｏｐｈｉｎｏｍｏｒｐｈａ ｎｏｄｏｓａ,Ｃｌａｄｏｓｉｐｈ     

The Second Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Biotechnology

ＤＶＩＳＯＲＪＩＡＯＲｕｉ Ｓｈｅｎ (Ｊ .Ｓ .Ｃｈａｏ)　　Ｐｒｏｆｅｓｓｏｒ(ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＰｌａｎｔＰｈｙｓｉｏｌｏｇｙａｎｄＥｃｏｌｏｇｙ ,ＳｈａｎｇｈａｉＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｓｆｏｒＢｉｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ ,ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＡｃａｄｅｍｙｏｆＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ ,Ｓｈａｎｇｈａｉ 2 0 0 0 32 ,Ｃｈｉｎａ)ＥＤＩＴＯＲ ＩＮ ＣＨＩＥＦＹＡＮＧＳｈｅｎｇ Ｌｉ　　Ａｃａｄｅｍｉｃｉａｎ(ＳｈａｎｇｈａｉＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＣｅｎｔｅｒｆｏｒＢｉｏｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ ,ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＡｃａｄ…     

Sox and Zfx genes in giant panda

ＯｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｒｅｃｅｎｔｂｒｅａｋｔｈｒｏｕｇｈｓｏｆｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔａｌｂｉｏｌｏｇｙｉｓｔｈｅｉｄｅｎｔｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅｔｅｓｔｉｓｄｅｔｅｒｍｉｎｉｎｇｆａｃｔｏｒｇｅｎｅｏｎｔｈｅｍａｍｍａｌｉａｎＹｃｈｒｏｍｏｓｏｍｅ[1],ＳＲＹｇｅｎｅ,ｂｙａｌｏｎｇｈｉｓｔｏｒｙｏｆｓｅａｒｃｈｆｏｒｔｈｅｇｅｎｅ,ｆｒｏｍＢｋｍ,ＨＹａｎｔｉｇｅｎ,ＺＦＸ/ＺＦＹｔｏＳＲＹ/ＳＯＸ(ＳＲＹｂｏｘｇｅｎｅｆａｍｉｌｙ).Ｒｅｃｅｎｔｓｔｕｄｉｅｓｓｈｏｗｔｈａｔａｎｕｍｂｅｒｏｆｃｌｏ…     

A New Journal From China:Genomics ,Proteomics & Bioinformatics

Ｇｅｎｏｍｉｃｓ ,Ｐｒｏｔｅｏｍｉｃｓ＆Ｂｉｏｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｃｓ (ＧＰＢ)ｉｓｓｐｏｎｓｏｒｅｄｂｙｔｈｅＢｅｉｊｉｎｇＧｅｎｏｍｉｃｓＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅ (ＢＧＩ) ,ｔｈｅＩｎｓｔｉ ｔｕｔｅｏｆＧｅｎｅｔｉｃｓａｎｄＤｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔａｌＢｉｏｌｏｇｙｉｎＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＡｃａｄｅｍｙｏｆＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ (ＣＡＳ) ,ａｎｄｔｈｅＧｅｎｅｔｉｃｓＳｏｃｉｅｔｙｏｆＣｈｉｎａ ,ａｎｄｐｕｂｌｉｓｈｅｄｂｙｔｈｅＳｃｉｅｎｃｅＰｒｅｓｓ ,Ｂｅｉｊｉｎｇ .Ｔｈｅｆｉｒｓｔｉｓｓｕｅｏｆｔｈｉｓｑｕａ…     

中国凹盾象属六新种记述（鞘翅目：象虫科）

本文记述产于我国的凹盾象属Ｓｔｅｎｏｓｃｅｌｉｓ昆虫６新种,分别为赤杨凹盾象Ｓｔｅｎｏｓｃｅｌｉｓ（Ｈｅｘａｓｔｅｎｏｓｃｅｌｉｓ）ａｌｎｉ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,圆窝凹盾象Ｓ．ｆｏｖｅａｔｕｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,齿突凹盾象Ｓ．ａｃｅｒｂｕｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,小点凹盾象Ｓ．ｐｕｎｃｔｉｃｕｌａｔｕｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,洼喙凹盾象Ｓ．ｒｅｃａｖｕｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,和蔚县凹盾象Ｓ．ｙｕｘｉａｎｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ     

湖南小毛瓢虫属三新种记述(鞘翅目:瓢虫科)

本文记述小毛瓢虫属Ｓｃｙｍｎｕｓ　Ｋｕｇｅｌａｎｎ小瓢虫亚属Ｓｃｙｍｎｕｓ（Ｐｕｌｌｕｓ）Ｍｕｌｓａｎｔ三新种：枝角小瓢虫Ｓｃｙｍｎｕｓ（Ｐｕｌｌｕｓ）ｃｌａｄｏｃｅｒｕｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ,鞭丝小瓢虫Ｓｃｙｍｎｕｓ（Ｐｕｌｌｕｓ）ｍａｓｔｉｇｏｉｄｅｓ　ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,肾斑小瓢虫Ｓｃｙｍｎｕｓ（Ｐｕｌｌｕｓ）ｎｅｐｈｒｏｓｐｉｌｕｓ　ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。     

Identification and characterization of scaffold-associated region (SAR) of rRNA gene of silkworm Attacus ricini

Ｓｃａｆｆｏｌｄａｓｓｏｃｉａｔｅｄｒｅｇｉｏｎ(ＳＡＲ)ａｎｄｍａｔｒｉｘａｔｔａｃｈｍｅｎｔｒｅｇｉｏｎ(ＭＡＲ)ａｒｅｋｎｏｗｎａｓｃｉｓａｃｔｉｎｇＤＮＡｅｌｅｍｅｎｔｓ,ｗｈｉｃｈｓｐｅｃｉｆｉｃａｌｌｙｂｉｎｄｔｏｎｕｃｌｅａｒｓｃａｆｆｏｌｄｏｒｎｕｃｌｅａｒｍａｔｒｉｘ.ＳＡＲ/ＭＡＲａｒｅｕｓｕａｌｌｙ300—1000ｂｐｌｏｎｇ,ＡＴｒｉｃｈ,ａｎｄｃｏｎｔａｉｎｉｎｇｔｏｐｏｉｓｏｍｅｒａｓｅＩＩｃｏｎｓｅｎｓｕｓｓｅｑｕｅｎｃｅａｎｄｏｔｈｅｒＡＴｒｉｃｈｓｅｑｕｅｎｃｅｍｏｔｉｆｓ[1].…     

多菌灵处理对克隆植物大米草(Spartina anglica)表型可塑性的影响

对外来植物大米草(Spartina anglica)衰退种群进行高、中、低3个浓度(即50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂的300倍、600倍和1200倍稀释液)多菌灵灌根处理,测定大米草在杀菌剂处理条件下的形态可塑性、克隆生长特性及生物量积累与分配格局.结果表明:与对照相比,各浓度多菌灵处理对大米草的株高、叶数、叶片厚度、叶片面积和根长均没有显著影响(P〉0.05);中浓度处理后,大米草种群的根状茎节数和分枝强度均显著高于对照和其它处理,而根状茎总长和间隔子长度均显著高于对照和低浓度处理(p<0.05),与高浓度处理差异不显著;高浓度处理的大米草地下生物量和根生物量分配显著高于对照和其它处理,而地上生物量分配却显著低于对照和其它处理(P相似文献   

大米草对赤潮藻的抑制作用及其抑藻物质的分离鉴定

以赤潮异弯藻和海洋原甲藻为研究对象,研究了海洋滩涂植物大米草对两种赤潮微藻的抑制作用及抑藻物质.结果表明：大米草对赤潮异弯藻的影响表现为高浓度抑制生长,低浓度则有一定的促进作用,大米草新鲜组织、干粉末和提取物浓度分别为4.8、0.8和0.5 mg·ml^-1以上时对赤潮异弯藻有致死作用;大米草对海洋原甲藻则表现出明显的抑制作用,且大米草新鲜组织、干粉末和提取物浓度分别为9.6、1.6和1.25 mg·ml^-1以上时对海洋原甲藻有致死作用.对大米草提取物进行抑藻活性物质的分离纯化,从中分离鉴定了2个具有抑藻活性的黄酮糖苷类化合物：异鼠李素-3-O-槐二糖-7-O-鼠李糖苷和丁香亭-3-O-半乳糖苷.     

Origin and genetic diversity of Spartina anglica (Poaceae) using nuclear DNA markers

Spartina alterniflora, introduced into the UK in the 1800s, was the seed parent in an interspecific hybridization with S. maritima. The sterile F1 hybrid S. ×townsendii gave rise to the fertile allopolyploid S. anglica by chromosomal doubling. Previous chromosome, isozyme, and cpDNA surveys did not reveal notable genetic variation within either the parental or the hybrid species. We used nuclear DNA markers (random amplified polymorphic DNA ([RAPD]) and inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) to further explore the origin, diversity, and parentage of S. anglica. We found DNA fragments in S. ×townsendii were the aggregate of diagnostic DNA fragments from S. maritima and S. alterniflora, thus confirming its hybrid origin. The S. ×townsendii genotype was identical to most of the S. anglica individuals analyzed, establishing the genetic concordance of these two taxa. We found widespread genetic variation within S. anglica. This could indicate that S. anglica arose several times, from different S. maritima sires. Alternatively, alleles could have been lost through recombination and/or through loss of entire chromosomes in S. anglica. Finally, all but one S. anglica individual had a S. alterniflora component that was indistinguishable from a S. alterniflora plant extant in Marchwood, UK, leaving open the possibility that this plant is the actual seed parent of S. anglica.     

The evolution of Spartina anglica G. E. Hubbard (Gramineae): genetic variation and status of the parental species in Britain

The perennial salt marsh grass Spartina anglica is one of the classic examples of allopolyploid speciation. It originated on the south coast of England at the end of the nineteenth century following chromosome doubling in S. × townsmdii , a hybrid between the native British S. marilima and a species introduced from the United States, S. alterniflora. The nature of the origin of S. anglica is beyond doubt; however, it is not known whether it had a single or multiple origin. In order to address this problem we undertook a survey of the genetic variation in the parental species of S. anglica using isozyme electrophoresis. The results show that S. alterniflora has no detectable variation and that S. maritima has extremely low levels of variation. These results, unfortunately, prevent the question of a single or multiple origin from being answered. Possible reasons for the low levels of variation and its influence on the future of the species are discussed. Another problem concerning the parental species is the rapid decline of S. maritima in Britain. It is often assumed that the major factor in this regression is the invasion of its habitats by S. anglica. We have examined the status of S. marilima throughout its range in Britain and have found that S. anglica rarely co-occurs with S. maritima. We propose that the decline of S. maritima is largely due to the physical erosion of its habitats and that this erosion may produce suitable habitats for colonization by S. anglica.     

Nitrogen level changes the interactions between a native (Scirpus triqueter) and an exotic species (Spartina anglica) in Coastal China

The exotic species Spartina anglica, introduced from Europe in 1963, has been experiencing a decline in the past decade in coastal China, but the reasons for the decline are still not clear. It is hypothesized that competition with the native species Scirpus triqueter may have played an important role in the decline due to niche overlap in the field. We measured biomass, leaf number and area, asexual reproduction and relative neighborhood effect (RNE) of the two species in both monoculture and mixture under three nitrogen levels (control, low and high). S. anglica showed significantly lower biomass accumulation, leaf number and asexual reproduction in mixture than in monoculture. The inter- and intra-specific RNE of S. anglica were all positive, and the inter-specific RNE was significantly higher than the intra-specific RNE in the control. For S. triqueter, inter- and intra-specific RNE were negative at the high nitrogen level but positive in the control and at the low nitrogen level. This indicates that S. triqueter exerted an asymmetric competitive advantage over S. anglica in the control and low nitrogen conditions; however, S. anglica facilitated growth of S. triqueter in high nitrogen conditions. Nitrogen level changed the interactions between the two species because S. triqueter better tolerated low nitrogen. Since S. anglica is increasingly confined to upper, more nitrogen-limited marsh areas in coastal China, increased competition from S. triqueter may help explain its decline.     

The evolution of Spartina anglica C.E. Hubbard (Gramineae): origin and genetic variability

An extensive survey of isozyme phenotypes in British populations of the amphidiploid salt marsh grass Spartina anglica and its putative parents has confirmed that the species arose by chromosome doubling in S. × townsendii , a sterile hybrid between S. maritima and S. alterniflora. Isozyme phenotypes and seed protein profiles indicate that S. anglica is almost totally lacking in genetic variation. Isozyme evidence also indicates that the parental species are characterized by low levels of genetic variation. The lack of variation in S. anglica is proposed as being due to a narrow genetic base resulting from a single origin, or a multiple origin from uniform parents; the fact that many populations are derived from very small founder populations; and because preferential pairing between identical homologous chromosomes prevents recombination between the divergent component genomes of the species. The low levels of isozyme variation that occur appear to be due to chromosome loss.
The consequences for the future evolution of S. anglica , given its lack of genetic variation, are discussed.     

AN ECOPHYSIOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE SALT SECRETION OF FOUR HALOPHYTES

Plants of Spartina anglica, Limonium vulgare, Armeria maritima and Glaux maritima were collected in the field and grown on different concentrations of NaCl, KCl and CaCl₂. Salt secretion, ion content, water content and transpiration rates were determined. The highest sodium secretion was found in Spartina anglica , a species from the most saline habitat; and a somewhat lower secretion rate in Limonium vulgare. The lowest rates were found in Glaux maritima and Armeria maritima. The sodium secretion efficiency, i.e. the ability to maintain an unchanged internal sodium content, was highest in Spartina anglica. Spartina anglica is the most successful in the removal of excessively absorbed salt, since it secretes 60% of the absorbed sodium. The values for Limonium vulgare, Glaux maritima and Armeria maritima were 33, 20 and 4% respectively. The species studied differ in the preferential sequence of ion secretion as well as in secretion rate and efficiency. This preferential sequence of ion secretion seems to be similar in members of the same taxonomic group (Plumbaginaceae). The comparability of the secretion parameters is discussed with regard to morphological differences between the species.     

初始克隆分株数对大米草表型可塑性及生物量分配的影响

克隆植物大米草 (Spartina anglica) 目前在我国出现了严重的自然衰退 (Dieback),为了阐明大米草衰退的机理,分析影响大米草形态可塑性的因素与自然衰退之间的相关性,以期为近缘植物互花米草 (S. alterniflora) 这一爆发种群的生物控制提供借鉴,对3种不同初始克隆分株数 (单克隆、三克隆和五克隆) 大米草的克隆生长、生物量累积与分配和异速生长特征进行了野外栽培试验。研究结果表明,初始克隆分株数对间隔子长度影响较弱;初始多克隆的分支强度高于初始单克隆;初始三克隆和五克隆在总生物量 (7.921 5~10.431 7 g 和 8.903 9~10.431 7 g)、地上生物量 (3.396 1~4.255 8 g 和3.618 4~4.338 9 g)、地下生物量 (4.286 9~5.206 6 g 和 5.298 8~6.079 3 g)和根状茎生物量 (1.318 6~1.767 7 g 和 1.499 1~2.038 7 g) 积累上均显著高于初始单克隆,不同初始克隆分株数条件下根生物量差异不显著;初始多克隆倾向于将资源更多地分配给根状茎,而初始单克隆倾向于将更多的资源分配给根系。由此推断,在不同初始克隆分株数条件下,大米草的形态可塑性和生物量分配格局的差异显示出在同样资源格局下,初始多克隆的克隆生殖能力较初始单克隆强。初始多克隆生长的大米草较初始单克隆生长的大米草更能占据优势生境,选择生境“觅养”的能力与克隆繁殖能力更强。     

Molecular investigations in populations of Spartina anglica C.E. Hubbard (Poaceae) invading coastal Brittany (France)

Spartina anglica is a classical example of recent alloploid speciation. It arose during the end of the nineteenth century in England by hybridization between the indigenous Spartina maritima and the introduced East-American Spartina alterniflora. Duplication of the hybrid genome (Spartina x townsendii) gave rise to a vigorous allopolyploid involved in natural and artificial invasions on different continents. Spartina anglica was first recorded in France in 1906, and since then, it has spread all along the western French coast. Earlier studies revealed that native British populations display consistent morphological plasticity and lack of isozyme variation. In this paper, we use different molecular markers (randomly amplified polymorphic DNA, intersimple sequence repeats and restriction patterns from nuclear and chloroplast DNA sequences) to analyse the genetic patterns of the French populations of S. anglica. Our results show that French populations are mainly composed of one "major" multilocus genotype. This genotype is identical to the first-generation hybrid S. x townsendii from England. Losses of few markers from this genotype are observed but are restricted to a few populations from Brittany; it is likely that they appeared independently, subsequent to their introduction. In southern Brittany, no hybrids between S. anglica and S. maritima have been found where the two species co-occur. All French populations of S. anglica display the same chloroplast DNA sequences as S. alterniflora, the maternal genome donor. These findings are consistent with a severe genetic bottleneck at the time of the species formation, as a consequence of a unique origin of the species. Both parental nuclear sequences are present in the allopolyploid populations, revealing that for the markers investigated, no extensive changes have occurred in this young species.     

Retrotransposons and genomic stability in populations of the young allopolyploid species Spartina anglica C.E. Hubbard (Poaceae)

Spartina x townsendii arose during the end of the 19th century in England by hybridization between the indigenous Spartina maritima and the introduced Spartina alterniflora, native to the eastern seaboard of North America. Duplication of the hybrid genome gave rise to Spartina anglica, a vigorous allopolyploid involved in natural and artificial invasions on several continents. This system allows investigation of the early evolutionary changes that accompany stabilization of new allopolyploid species. Because allopolyploidy may be a genomic shock, eliciting retroelement insertional activity, we examined whether retrotransposons present in the parental species have been activated in the genome of S. anglica. For this purpose we used inter-retrotransposon amplified polymorphism (IRAP) and retrotransposons-microsatellite amplified polymorphism (REMAP) markers, which are multilocus PCR-based methods detecting retrotransposon integration events in the genome. IRAP and REMAP allowed the screening of insertional polymorphisms in populations of S. anglica. The populations are composed mainly of one major multilocus genotype, identical to the first-generation hybrid S. x townsendii. Few new integration sites were encountered in the young allopolyploid genome. We also found strict additivity of the parental subgenomes in the allopolyploid. Both these findings indicate that the genome of S. anglica has not undergone extensive changes since its formation. This contrasts with previous results from the literature, which report rapid structural changes in experimentally resynthesized allopolyploids.