阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿症红细胞乙酰胆碱酯酶的研究

用化学方法测定了乙酰胆碱脂酶（ＡｃｈＥ）活性,阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿症（ＰＮＨ）红细胞远低于正常红细胞。为了进一步研究ＰＮＨ ＡｃｈＥ（一）的红细胞,采用Ｐｒｏｔｅｉｎ Ａ Ｓｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅ ６ＭＢ结合ＡｃｈＥ单抗亲和层析法分离出ＰＮＨＡｃｈＥ（一）的红细胞。同间接免疫荧光流式细胞术检测,ＰＮＨ细胞ＡｃｈＥ低于正常,而ＰＮＨ ＡｃｈＥ（一）红细胞未能检出ＡｃｈＥ。＾３Ｈ－肌醇标记实验证明,正常     

普通小麦基因组最可能的4个供体的ITS1和ITS2序列及其亲缘关系

对普通小麦（ＴｒｉｔｉｃｕｍａｅｓｔｉｖｕｍＬ．）基因组（ＡＡＢＢＤＤ）最可能的供体－Ｔ．ｕｒａｔｒｔｕＴｈｕｍ．（ＡＡ）、Ｔ．ｍｏｎｏｃｃｕｍｖａｒ．ｂｏｅｏｔｉｃｕｍ（Ｂｏｉｓｓ．）ＭＫ（ＡＡ）、ＡｅｇｉｌｏｐｓｓｐｅｌｔｏｉｄｅｓＴａｕｓｃｈ．和Ａｅ．ｔａｕｓｃｈｉｉ（Ｃｏｓｓ．（ＤＤ）的核糖体ＲＮＡ基因ＩＴＳ区进行了ＰＣＲ扩增和克隆,并测定了ＩＴＳ１和ＩＴＳ２的ＤＮＡ序列,讨论和纠正了前人     

生态农业与乡村经济持续发展

生态农业与乡村经济持续发展张壬午,计文瑛,孙鸿良（天津农业部环境保护研究所,３００１９１）（中国农科院,北京１０００８１）ＥｃｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌＡｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒｅａｎｄＳｕｓｔａｉｎａｂｌｅＤｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｏｆＲｕｒａｌＥｃｏｎｏｍｙ￥．ＺｈａｎｇＲｅｎｗｕ;ＪｉＷｅｎｙｉｎｇ（Ａｇｒｏ－ｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔＰｒｏｔｅｃｌｉｏｎＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅ,Ｔｉａｎｊｉｎ３００１９１）,ＳｕｎＨｏｎｇｌｉａｎｇ（ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＡｃａｄｅｍｙｏｆＡｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌＳｃｉｅｎｃｃｓ,Ｂｅｉｊｉｎｇ１０００８１）．ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＪｏｕｒｎａｌｏｆＥｃｏｌｏｇｙ,１９９３,１２（２）：１９—２０．ＴｈｉｓｐａｐｅｒｂｒｉｅｆｌｙｐｒｅｓｅｎｔｓｔｈｅｃｕｒｒｅｎｔｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｏｆｅｃｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌａｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒｅｉｎＣｈｉｎａａｎｄｃｏｍｐａｒｅｓｗｉｔｈｔｈｅ＇＇ｓｕｓｔａｉｎａｂｌｅａｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒｅａｎｄｒｕｒａｌｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔ＇＇（ＳＡＲＤ）ｐｕｔｆｏｒｗａｒｄｂｙＦＡＯ,Ｃｈｉｎａ’ｓｓｕｓｔａｉｎａｂｌｅａ－ｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒｅｉｓｎｏｔｏｎｌｙａｎｉｎｇｅｎｉｏｕｓ     

Structural Analysis of rbcL Gene from an Endangered Plant，（Acanthopanax brachypus）

ＳｔｒｕｃｔｕｒａｌＡｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｆｒｂｃＬＧｅｎｅｆｒｏｍａｎＥｎｄａｎｇｅｒｅｄＰｌａｎｔ,（Ａｃａｎｔｈｏｐａｎａｘｂｒａｃｈｙｐｕｓ）ＹＡＮＨｕａ－ｊｕｎ（严华军）;ＺＨＵＣｈｅｎｇ（朱）;ＷＵＮａｉ－ｈｕ（吴乃虎）（Ｉｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏ...     

四川薄荷属（唇形科）一新变种

四川薄荷属（唇形科）一新变种刘建林（西昌农业高等专科学校,四川６１５０１３）ＡＮＥＷＶＡＲＩＥＴＹＯＦＭＥＮＴＨＡ（ＬＡＢＩＡＴＡＥ）ＦＲＯＭＳＩＣＨＵＡＮＬＩＵＪｉａｎ－Ｌｉｎ（ＸｉｃｈａｎｇＡｃａｄｅｍｙｏｆＡｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒｅ,Ｓｉｃｈｕａｎ...     

沟稃草属研究札记

本文对沟稃草属Ａｎｉｓｅｂｙｔｒｏｎ Ｍｅｒｒｉｌｌ的系统分类进行了初步的整理与修订。认为Ａｕｌａｃｏｌｅｐｉｓ Ｈａｃｋｅｌ（１９０７）（Ｎｅｏａｕｌａｃｏｌｅｐｉｓ Ｓ．Ｒａｕｓｃｈｅｒｔ（１９８２）ｐｒｏ ｎｏｍ．ｎｏｖ．Ａｕｌａｃｄｅｐｉｓ）ｎｏｎ Ｃ．ｖ．Ｅｉｔｉｎｇｓｈａｕｓｅｎ（１８９３）、Ａｎｉｓｅｌｙｔｒｏｎ Ｍｅｒｒｉｌｌ（１９１０）与Ａｎｉｓａｃｈｎｅ Ｋｅｎｇ（１９５８）是     

keyword indes(1996,wol.17)

ＫＥＹＷＯＲＤＩＮＤＥＳ（１９９６，Ｖｏｌ．１７）Ａｂｕｎｄａｎｃｅ（３）：２３２ＡＣＡｓｅｒｕｍ（４）：４９９，５０７Ａｃｃｉｐｉｔｒｉｄａｅ（４）＝４８２Ａｄｅｎｏｈｙｐｏｐｈｙｓｉｓ（ｌ）：７８Ａｅｒｉａｌｒｅｓｐｉｒａｔｉｏｎ（２）：１５１Ａ...     

王不留行环肽研究

从中药王不留行（Ｖａｃａｒｉａｓｅｇｅｔａｌｉｓ）种子中分离并鉴定了４个环肽化合物,分别命名为王不留行环肽Ａ,Ｂ,Ｃ,Ｄ（ｖａｃｃａｒｉｎｓＡ,Ｂ,Ｃ,Ｄ）,其中王不留行环肽Ａ为新环肽化合物。其结构通过光谱和化学方法分别确定为：ｖａｃｃａｒｉｎＡ——ｃｙｃｌｏ－（Ｔｒｐ－Ａｌａ１－Ｇｌｙ－Ｖａｌ－Ａｌａ２）,ｖａｃｃａｒｉｎＢ———ｃｙｃｌｏ－（Ｐｒｏ－Ｇｌｙ－Ｌｅｕ－Ｓｅｒ－Ｐｈｅ１－Ａｌａ－Ｐｈｅ２）,ｖａｃｃａｒｉｎＣ———ｃｙｃｌｏ－（Ｐｒｏ１－Ｇｌｙ－Ｔｙｒ－Ｖａｌ－Ｐｒｏ２－Ｌｅｕ－Ｔｒｐ）,ｖａｃａｒｉｎＤ———ｃｙｃｌｏ－（Ｐｒｏ－Ｖａｌ１－Ｔｒｐ－Ａｌａ－Ｇｌｙ－Ｖａｌ２）．     

番荔枝种子中的3个新的番荔枝内酯

从番荔枝（Ａｎｎｏｎａ ｓｑｕａｍ ｏｓａ Ｌ．）的种子中分离到Ａ１—Ａ７共７个化合物,其中Ａ２、Ａ３和Ａ５为新的番荔枝内酯,分别命名为新－去乙酰紫玉盘素（ｎｅｏ－ｄｅｓａｃｅｔｙｌｕｖａｒｉｃｉｎ, Ａ２）、新阿诺宁乙（ｎｅｏ－ａｎｎｏｎｉｎ Ｂ, Ａ３）和新牛心番荔枝素甲（ｎｅｏ－ｒｅｔｉｃｕｌａｔａｃｉｎ Ａ, Ａ５）。     

短Ju的化学成分

从短Ｊｕ地上部分甲醇粗提取物中分离得到７个化合物,经波谱分析鉴定为：β－谷甾醇,（１）ｒｅｔｒｏｆｒａｃｔａｍｉｄｅ Ａ（２）,ｃｈｉｎｇｃｈｅｎｇｅｎａｍｉｄｅＡ（３）ｎｅｃｔａｎｄｒｉｎ Ｂ（４）,（－）－ｎｅｃｔａｎｄｒｉｎ Ａ（５）,ｇａｌｇｒａｖｉｎ（６）,其中木脂素（４）（５）系首镒由胡椒属植物中分得。     

白蚁与动物及微生物的共生类型及其机制

综述了白蚁螱客的主要种类、共生关系及相关机制的研究进展。白蚁螱客中,已报道的动物种类达170种。在与动物的共生关系中存在偏利共生（宾主共栖和异种共栖）、互利共生和无关共生三种;在与微生物的共生关系中,存在与内生菌（原生动物、细菌、真菌和放线菌）和外生菌（蚁巢伞菌等）间的互利关系。指出了白蚁与螱客研究中存在的问题,给出了解决方案,并提出了今后可能的研究热点或方向,为白蚁的综合利用（如纤维素酶）及今后研究物种间的协同进化提供了基础资料。     

New amino-dithiaphospholanes and phosphoramidodithioites and their rhodium and iridium complexes

New sulfur derivatives of phosphoramidite ligands were synthesized and the impact of the sulfur unit on the spectroscopic properties of their rhodium and iridium complexes was investigated. The new ligands Bn₂NPSCH₂CH₂S^a(P-S^a) (Bn = benzyl, 4), Bn₂NPSCHCHS^a(CH₂)₃C^aH₂(P-S^a)(C^a-S^a) (6) and Bn₂NP(4-XC₆H₄OMe)₂ (X = S, 7a; X = O, 7b) were converted to the rhodium and iridium complexes trans-[Rh(CO)Cl(L)₂] (L = 4, 6, 7), [RhCl(COD)(L)] (L = 4, 6, 7), [IrCl(COD)(7a)] and [IrCl₂Cp∗(6)]. For comparison, some phosphoramidite complexes of these formulations also were synthesized. The new metal complexes were spectroscopically analyzed. For the carbonyl complexes, the ν_CO IR stretching frequencies were lower than for the corresponding phosphite and phosphoramidite ligands. The ¹J_PRh coupling constants for the rhodium complexes with the new ligands were also smaller than for the respective phosphoramidite and phosphite complexes. Finally, the ¹J_PSe coupling constants of the selenides of the new ligands were lower than those of the phosphoramidite ligands but higher than for PPh₃. The spectroscopic data reveal that the new thio ligands 4, 6 and 7a are more electron donating than phosphites and phosphoramidites but less electron donating than PPh₃.     

Astrocytes and Synaptosomes Transport and Metabolize Lactate and Acetate Differently

Astrocytes transport the monocarboxylate acetate, but synaptosomes do not. The reason for this is unknown, because both preparations express monocarboxylate transporters (MCT). The transport and metabolism of lactate, another monocarboxylate, was examined in these two preparations, and the results were compared to those for acetate. Lactate transport is more rapid in astrocytes than in synaptosomes, but of lower affinity (Kms of 17 and 4 mM, respectively). Lactate (0.2 mM) is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in synaptosomes than in astrocytes (rates of 0.37 and 0.07 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). The reason for this is unclear, but cellular differences in lactate dehydrogenase isotype expression may be involved. Acetate is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in astrocytes than in synaptosomes (rates of 0.43 and 0.02 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). This is likely due to cellular differences in the expression of monocarboxylate transporter subtypes.     

Rapporteur report: Basics and technology and metrology and standards

The first and second sessions of the Workshop focussed on the basics of ultrasound and infrasound, their applications in both industry and medicine, and metrology and protection standards for ultrasound applications.     

Relative and combined effects of ethanol and protein deficiency on strontium and barium bone content and fecal and urinary excretion

To elucidate accumulation of minerals in human iliac arteries with aging, the content of minerals was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Bilateral common, internal, and external iliac arteries of 16 men and 8 women, ranging ages from 65 to 93 yr, were examined. It was found that an extremely high accumulation of calcium and phosphorus occurred in the common iliac artery at old age, being higher than that of the internal and external iliac arteries. It should be noted that the accumulation of calcium and phosphorus is the highest in the common iliac artery among the human arteries examined to date. Regarding sexual differences, the content of calcium and phosphorus in the common and internal iliac arteries was higher in women than in men, whereas their content in the external iliac artery was lower in women than in men.     

Prostaglandin and thromboxane production by human and guinea-pig macrophages and leucocytes

The ability of partially purified human and guinea-pig haematogenous cell populations, when cultured in vitro, to metabolise arachidonic acid (AA) has been studied. Supernatants from 24 hour cell culture have been subjected to analysis for products of AA metabolism by gas chromatography with electron-capture detection.The cell types studied were human peripheral blood monocytes (both glass adherent and non-adherent), neutrophils, eosinophils and leukemic leucocytes; thoracic duct lymphocytes and lung alveolar macrophages. From the guinea-pig, induced and non-induced macrophage or neutrophil enriched peritoneal exudate populations, lymph node cells, peritoneal eosinophils and peripheral blood platelets were examined. Supernatants were assayed for the presence of PGE₂, PGD₂, PGF_2α, TXB₂ and 6-keto-PGF_1α. In all types studied PGE₂ and TXB₂ were the major products formed. The identification of PGE₂ and TXB₂ was confirmed by GC/MS with multiple ion monitoring.The results have been compared with other reports and their possible significance discussed in relation to the proposed role of prostaglandins as mediators and modulators in immunopathology.     

Chemokines and cytokines: axis and allies in asthma and allergy

Allergic asthma can be precipitated by many factors. For the atopic person, fungus, pollen, dust mites, cockroach antigens, and diesel exhaust are all agents that may trigger an allergic attack. Cytokines and chemokines are integral mediators of fungal asthma. From the earliest time points, they recruit and activate the cells required for the clearance of fungus as well as being critical factors involved in the immunopathology of this disease. In the final analysis, it is clear that these mediators can act to the benefit or the detriment of the host.     

Oxidation and nitration of ribonuclease and lysozyme by peroxynitrite and myeloperoxidase

In spite of the many studies on protein modifications by reactive species, knowledge about the products resulting from the oxidation of protein-aromatic residues, including protein-derived radicals and their stable products, remains limited. Here, we compared the oxidative modifications promoted by peroxynitrite and myeloperoxidase/hydrogen peroxide/nitrite in two model proteins, ribonuclease (6Tyr) and lysozyme (3Tyr/6Trp). The formation of protein-derived radicals and products was higher at pH 5.4 and 7.4 for myeloperoxidase and peroxynitrite, respectively. The main product was 3-nitro-Tyr for both proteins and oxidants. Lysozyme rendered similar yields of nitro-Trp, particularly when oxidized by peroxynitrite. Hydroxylated and dimerized products of Trp and Tyr were also produced, but in lower yields. Localization of the main modified residues indicates that peroxynitrite decomposes to radicals within the proteins behaving less specifically than myeloperoxidase. Nitrogen dioxide is emphasized as an important protein modifier.