Leioproctus rosellae sp. n., the first record of the genus from northern South America (Hymenoptera, Colletidae)

Leioproctus Smith is a diverse colletine genus found in the Australian region and primarily temperate areas of South America. A new species of Leioproctus subgenus Perditomorpha Ashmead, Leioproctus rosellae Gonzalez, sp. n., from a tropical dry forest of the Caribbean coast of Colombia is described and figured. This is the first record of the genus from northern South America.     

Pollination efficiencies of three bee (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) species visiting rabbiteye blueberry

Inadequate bee pollination limits rabbiteye blueberry, Vaccinium ashei Reade, production in the some areas of the southeastern United States. Honey bees, Apis mellifera L., are currently the only manageable pollinators available for pollinating V. ashei. However, a new adaptable pollinator for rabbiteye blueberry, Osmia ribifloris Cockerell, was successfully reared and flown in captivity. The bee nested successfully in wooden shelters and conferred superior fruit set to 2-yr-old potted, rabbiteye blueberry bushes. Pollination efficiency or the percentage of blueberry flowers to set fruit after being visited once by a female O. ribifloris was comparable to that of the female blueberry bee Habropoda laboriosa (F.) and worker honey bees. Interestingly, honey bees once thought to be inefficient pollinators of rabbiteye blueberry were found to be very efficient, especially for 'Climax' and 'Premier' flowers.     

中国直突摇蚊属两新纪录亚属记述(双翅目,摇蚊科)(英文)

记述中国直突摇蚊属两个新纪录亚属,寄莼直突摇蚊亚属Orthocladius(Pogonocladius)和钻木直突摇蚊亚属Orthocladius(Symposiocladius),雄成虫共5种,包括1新种O.(S.)futianensis sp.nov.,中国4新纪录种O.(P.)consobrinus(Holmgren),O.(S.)holsatus Goetghebuer,O.(S.)lignicolaKieffer和O.(S.)schnelli Sther,并编制了中国钻木直突摇蚊亚属4种雄虫检索表。新种模式标本均保存于南开大学生命科学学院摇蚊学研究室。     

The identity of the Neotropical stingless bee Frieseomelitta meadewaldoi (Cockerell, 1915) (Hymenoptera, Apidae)

A new study of a surviving syntype of Trigona meadewaldoi Cockerell, 1915, was undertaken and several widely employed names for Neotropical stingless bees recognized as junior synonyms. A lectotype is designated for Trigona meadewaldoi and the following new synonymies established: Tetragona francoi Moure, 1946, and Trigona (Frieseomelitta) freiremaiai Moure, 1963. These nomenclatural matters are here settled and the species thoroughly characterized in advance of a forthcoming phylogenetic consideration of the genus Frieseomelitta von Ihering, 1912.     

The Central American species of Centaurium (Gentianaceae)

A revision ofCentaurium based on field, herbarium, and greenhouse studies shows that five species are native to Central America: C.guitense (H.B.K.) B. L. Robinson (n = 21, 22),C. pauciflorum (Mart. & Gal.) B. L. Robinson (n =36),C. brachycalyx Standley & L. O. Williams (n = ca. 36),C. setaceum (Benth.) B. L. Robinson (n = 21), andC. martinii Broome (n = 21), a new species. One population of a European species,C. minus Moench subsp.minus has been discovered in Costa Rica.     

Alocanthedon, a new subgenus of Chalicodoma from Southeast Asia (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae)

A new subgenus, Alocanthedon Engel and Gonzalez subgen. n., is described for five species of unusual Southeast Asian bees in the genus Chalicodoma Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau (Megachilinae: Megachilini). The subgenus is most noteworthy for the deep postgenal depression or furrow in males (bordered outwardly near the base of the mandible by a protuberant, thick lamella) and the presence of a dense patch of black setae posteriorly in the forewing medial cell (except in one species) [resembling the dense patch of setae among the submarginal cells of Thrinchostoma Saussure (Halictidae: Halictinae: Halictini)]. The subgenus is characterized and distinguished from the related Callomegachile Michener. A key to the following five species presently included in the subgenus is provided: Chalicodoma aterrimum (Smith), Chalicodoma atratiforme (Meade-Waldo) comb. n., Chalicodoma memecylonae Engel sp. n., Chalicodoma odontophorum Engel sp. n., and Chalicodoma apoicola Engel sp. n.Chalicodoma (Callomegachile) atratiforme sininsulae (Cockerell) is newly placed in synonymy with C. (C.) fulvipenne (Smith). Species have been collected from Memecylaceae (Myrtales) and Fabaceae (Fabales). The phylogenetic relationships of Alocanthedon among other Megachilini are briefly elaborated upon.     

Neriidae (Diptera: Schizophora) of the Brazilian Amazon: new records of genera and species, and key to species

The present study brings together survey data from collection in several localities in the Brazilian Amazon and specimens from the Entomological Collection of Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi (MPEG-Belém). The flies were collected over organic decomposing matter (bananas and bovine meat) baits. The genus Odontoloxozus Enderlein, with the species Odontoloxozus peruanus Hennig, is recorded from Brazil for the first time. The species Glyphidops (Glyphidops) flavipes (Widemann), G. (Oncopsia) flavifrons (Bigot), G.(O.) durus (Cresson) and G. (O.) dipsar (Hennig) are new occurrences for Brazil. The species G. (O.)carrerai Aczél and N. plurivittatus Bigot are new occurrences from Brazilian Amazon. A key to Brazilian Amazon species is provided.     

中国直突摇蚊属中直突摇蚊亚属记述(双翅目,摇蚊科)(英文)

记述中国直突摇蚊属中直突摇蚊亚属Orthocladius(Mesorthocladius)雄成虫3种,并对1新种O.(M.)tornatilis sp.nov.和中国1新纪录种O.(M.)vaillantiLangton & Cranston做详细描述。模式标本保存于南开大学生命科学学院摇蚊学研究室。圆钝中直突摇蚊,新种O.(M.)tornatilis sp.nov.(图1～3)雄成虫与本亚属其它已知种的区别如下:下附器背叶末端圆钝,抱器端节中部最宽,亚端背脊长而低。正模♂,吉林省长白山岳桦林,1994-04-30,扫网,王俊才采。词源:新种种名源自其下附器背叶圆钝。     

中国短角瘿蚊属记述 (双翅目：瘿蚊科)

记述了双翅目瘿蚊科短角瘿蚊属4种,其中郑氏短角瘿蚊Anarete zhengi sp.nov.（模式产地：内蒙古固阳县）为新种,短须短角瘿纹A.coracina (Zetterstedt）（分布：内蒙古）和鸢尾短角瘿蚊A.iridis (Cockerell）（分布：陕西,青海）为中国新纪录种。文中给出了短角瘿蚊属中国种类分种检索表。模式标本保存于南开大学生物系昆虫标本室。     

Host plant susceptibility to the swede midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)

The relative resistance and susceptibility of various cruciferous plants to swede midge, Contarinia nasturtii (Kieffer) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), damage was investigated to provide growers with planting recommendations and to identify potential sources of resistance to the swede midge. Broccoli cultivars experienced more severe damage than cabbage, cauliflower, and Brussels sprouts. The broccoli 'Paragon', 'Eureka', and 'Packman' are highly susceptible to the swede midge, whereas 'Triathlon' and 'Regal' showed reduced susceptibility to damage and slower development of damage symptoms. No differences were found between normal and red cultivars of cabbage and cauliflower in damage severity and progression of damage symptoms. Four new plant species (Brassica juncea Integlifolia group, Erucastrum gallicum (Willd.) O. E. Shulz., Lepidium campestre (L.) R.Br., and Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medic.) are reported as hosts of the swede midge. The weed species Descurainia sophia (L.) Webb, Camelina microcarpa Andrz. ex Dc., and Erysimum cheiranthoides L. exhibited no damage symptoms, and they seem to be nonhost crucifers for the swede midge.     

A taxonomic revision of Labiostrongylus (Labiostrongylus) (Yorke & Maplestone, 1926) and Labiostrongylus (Labiomultiplex) n. subg. (Nematoda: Cloacinidae) from macropodid and potoroid marsupials

The morphological characters used to differentiate species in the genus Labiostrongylus Yorke & Maplestone, 1926, parasitic in macropodid and potoroid marsupials, are discussed. The genus is divided into three subgenera Labiostrongylus (Labiostrongylus), L. (Labiomultiplex) n. subg. and L. (Labiosimplex) n. subg. on the basis of the presence or absence of interlabia and the morphology of the oesophagus. A key to the subgenera is given and a detailed revision of two of the subgenera is presented. Keys to each of the subgenera are given, the species discussed being: L. (L.) labiostrongylus) (type-species) (syn. L. (L.) insularis, L. (L.) grandis, L. (L.) macropodis sp. inq. and L. (L.) nabarlekensis n. sp., in the subgenus Labiostrongylus, and L. (Lm.) eugenii, L. (Lm.) novaeguineae, L. (Lm.) onychogale, L. (Lm.) uncinatus, L. (Lm.) billardierii n. sp., L. (Lm.) constrictis n. sp., L. (Lm.) kimberleyensis n. sp., L. (Lm.) thylogale n. sp., and L. (Lm.) potoroi, n. sp., in the subgenus Labiomultiplex.     

丽盲蝽属(丽盲蝽亚属)中国种类修订(半翅目:盲蝽科:盲蝽亚科)(英文)

对丽盲蝽属 (丽盲蝽亚属 )Lygocoris (subg .Lygocoris)的中国种类作了修订。文中共包括 19个种 ,其中有 12新种 ,1个中国新纪录种 ,并包括 1项新等级的认定。即暗胝丽盲蝽L .(L .)calligersp .nov .(正模 :四川峨眉山九老洞 ) ,程氏丽盲蝽L .(L .)chengisp .nov .(正模 :四川峨眉山大乘寺 ) ,晕斑丽盲蝽L .(L .)diffusomaculatussp .nov .(正模 :甘肃榆中兴隆山 ) ,淡色丽盲蝽L .(L .)dilutussp .nov .(正模 :甘肃夏河县合作 ) ,锈褐丽盲蝽L .(L .) ferrugineussp .nov .(正模 :云南哀牢山 ) ,褐盾丽盲蝽L .(L .) fuscoscutel latus (Reuter ,190 6 )stat .nov .[由L .(L .)striicornisvar.fuscoscutellatus升为种级阶元 ],广西丽盲蝽L .(L .) guangxiensissp .nov .(正模 :广西龙胜 ) ,东亚丽盲蝽L .(L .)idoneus(Linnavuori,196 3) (中国新纪录种 ) ,完脊丽盲蝽L .(L .)integricarinatussp .nov .(甘肃榆中麻家寺 ) ,林氏丽盲蝽L .(L .)linnavuoriisp .nov .(云南哀牢山簸箕坝 ) ,长翅丽盲蝽L .(L .)longipennis (Reuter ,190 6 ) ,斑盾丽盲蝽L .(L .)maculis cutellatussp .nov .(四川理县刷经寺 ) ,原丽盲蝽L .(L .) pabulinus (Linnaeus ,176 1) ,红盾丽盲蝽L .(L .)rufiscutellatussp .nov .(甘     

Dipeptides containing the alpha-aminoisobutyric residue (Aib) as ligands: preparation,spectroscopic studies and crystal structures of copper(II) complexes with H-Aib-X-OH (X=Gly,L-Leu,L-Phe)

Synthetic procedures are described that allow access to new copper(II) complexes with dipeptides containing the alpha-aminoisobutyric residue (Aib) as ligands. The solid complexes [Cu(H(-1)L(A))](n).nH(2)O (1) (L(A)H=H-Aib-Gly-OH), [Cu(H(-1)L(B))(MeOH)](n).nMeOH (2) (L(B)H=H-Aib-L-Leu-OH) and [Cu(H(-1)L(C))](n) (3) (L(C)H=H-Aib-L-Phe-OH) have been isolated and characterized by single-crystal X-ray crystallography, solid-state IR spectra and UV-Vis spectroscopy in solution (H(-1)L(2-) is the dianionic form of the corresponding dipeptide). Complexes 1 and 3 are three-dimensional coordination polymers with similar structures. The doubly deprotonated dipeptide behaves as a N(amino), N(peptide), O(carboxylate), O'(carboxylate), O(peptide) mu(3) ligand and binds to one Cu(II) atom at its amino and peptide nitrogens and at one carboxylate oxygen, to a second metal at the other carboxylate oxygen, while a third Cu(II) atom is attached to the peptide oxygen. The geometry around copper(II) is distorted square pyramidal with the peptide oxygen at the apex of the pyramid. The structure of 2 consists of zigzag polymeric chains, where the doubly deprotonated dipeptide behaves as a N(amino), N(peptide), O(carboxylate), O'(carboxylate) mu(2) ligand. The geometry at copper(II) is square pyramidal with the methanol oxygen at the apex. The IR data are discussed in terms of the nature of bonding and known structures. The UV-Vis spectra show that the solid-state structures of 1, 2 and 3 do not persist in H(2)O.     

Of mites and bees: A review of mite–bee associations in Australia and a revision of Raymentia Womersley (Acari: Mesostigmata: Laelapidae), with the description of two new species of mites from Lasioglossum (Parasphecodes) spp. (Hymenoptera: Halictidae)

Social bees have a diverse fauna of symbiotic mesostigmatic mites, including highly pathogenic parasites of the honeybee, but there are few reports of Mesostigmata phoretic on or inhabiting the nests of solitary or communal, ground-nesting bees. In south-eastern Australia, however, native bees in the family Halictidae carry what appears to be a substantial radiation of host-specific mesostigmatans in the family Laelapidae. Herein, we redescribe the obscure genus Raymentia , associated with Lasioglossum ( Parasphecodes ) spp. bees (Halictidae) and describe two new species, R. eickwortiana from L. lacthium (Smith) and R. walkeriana from L. atronitens (Cockerell). The type species, R. anomala Womersley, is associated with L. altichum (Smith). In addition, we review the mites known to be associated with Australian bees, provide a key to differentiate them, and describe and illustrate acarinaria of the Halictinae. We also report on the first occurrences in Australia of the genera Trochometridium Cross (Heterostigmata: Trochometridiidae), from L. eremaean Walker (Halictidae), and Cheletophyes Oudemans (Prostigmata: Cheyletidae) from Xylocopa Latreille (Xylocopinae), and on the previously unknown association between a Neocypholaelaps Vitzthum (Mesostigmata: Ameroseiidae) and Lipotriches tomentifera (Friese) (Halictidae).     

A revision of the scale insect genera Etiennea and Platysaissetia (Homoptera: Coccidae) with particular reference to Africa

Abstract. From a study of P.castilloae (Cockerell), the type species of Platysaissetia Cockerell, it is considered that none of the other species presently placed in Platysaissetia are congeneric. All known species from Africa (and one from British Guiana) are redescribed and are here transferred to the genus Etiennea Matile-Ferrero; one species is synonymized and twelve species are described as new. Lectotypes have been designated for Etiennea kellyi (Brain) and E.montrichardiae (Newstead). Although not considered to be congeneric with P.castilloae, P.tsaratananae Mamet and P.crustuliforme (Green) are left in Platysaissetia.     

Multivariate discrimination among cryptic species of the mite genus Chaetodactylus (Acari: Chaetodactylidae) associated with bees of the genus Lithurgus (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) in North America

Twenty-seven morphological characters from 111 heteromorphic deutonymphs of the mite genus Chaetodactylus Rondani (Acari: Chaetodactylidae) were analyzed. The mites were collected from four species of bees of the genus Lithurgus Berthold (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) in continental North America. Principal component and canonical variates analyses on Darroch and Mosimann shape and size-and-shape variables revealed the presence of three cryptic species. Chaetodactylus gibbosi sp. n. (Florida) is geographically isolated from C. lithurgi sp. n. distributed in Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, Colorado, and Idaho. Sympatric C. lithurgi and C. abditus sp. n. (USA: Arizona, Mexico: Socorro Is.) are seasonally isolated in Arizona. Chaetodactylus gibbosi is associated with a single bee species, Lithurgus gibbosus Smith in Florida. The host range of C. lithurgi includes bees flying predominantly in the spring: L. apicalis Cresson, L. littoralis Cockerell, and western L. gibbosus. Chaetodactylus abditus sp. n. is associated with L. planifrons Friese and L. echinocacti Cockerell, flying predominantly in the fall in Arizona. No distinct groups separated by geographic locality or size were detected in any species. A six-variable model developed by the canonical variates analysis and estimated using jackknife resampling and external validation (n=100) is capable of classifying the three species with 100% accuracy. Factors that influenced speciation of cryptic species of Chaetodactylus associated with Lithurgus are discussed. Based on morphological and geographical data and data on mite associates, the western and eastern populations of the bee L. gibbosus are distinct. Therefore, the taxonomic status of L. gibbosus s. lat. should be reevaluated.     

Taxonomic and nomenclatural notes on Taraxacum (Compositae)

Sections Naevosa M. P. Chr., Crocea M. P. Chr. and Macrodonta M. P. Chr. are reduced to subsectional rank in section Spectabilia Dahlst. of the genus Taraxacum. Section Arctica Dahlst. (section Laevia (Hand.-Mazz.) Schischk.) is enlarged by including sections Glabra Dahlst., Antarctica Hand.-Mazz. and Pachera v. Soest.
Taraxacum gurglense A. J. Richards and T. unicoloratum A. J. Richards (section Alpestria v. Soest), T. concucullatum A. J. Richards (section Cucullata v. Soest) and T. venticola A. J. Richards (section Vulgaria Dahlst.) are described as new agamospecies from the Alps; and T. calcifhilum A. J. Richards & J. L. van Soest (section Orientalia Hand.-Mazz.), T. nigricornis A. J. Richards (section Macrocomuta v. Soest) and T. breviscapum A. J. Richards (section Erythrocarpa Hand.-Mazz.) are described as new agamospecies from Afghanistan.