人肝刺激因子对大鼠实验性慢性肝损伤的保护作用

从健康孕妇水囊引产４─６个月龄的胎儿取肝,采用ＬａＢｒｅｃｑｕｅ方法提取人肝刺激因子（ｈＨＳＳ）。经３Ｈ－胸腺嘧啶核苷参入肝ＤＮＡ法测定其生物活性。表明此ｈＨＳＳ可刺激肝细胞ＤＮＡ合成。采用皮下注射ＣＣｌ４和饮用１０％乙醇来制备慢性肝损伤动物模型,观察了ｈＨＳＳ的保护肝脏作用。结果表明：ｈＨＳＳ可使ＣＣｌ４－乙醇所致慢性肝损伤大鼠的死亡率、血清谷丙转氨酶水平、肝组织中羟脯氨酸含量的升高以及肝组织中丙二醛的含量降低。肝组织切片表明：ｈＨＳＳ能减轻肝组织的损伤程度,促进肝细胞再生,并能明显防止肝纤维化的形成和发展。可见,ｈＨＳＳ对ＣＣｌ４－乙醇所致的慢性肝损伤大鼠有明显的保护作用,其机制可能与促进肝细胞再生及抑制肝细胞膜的脂质过氧化有关。     

实验性腹膜炎肺损伤时大黄的保护作用

目的探讨大黄对实验性腹膜炎时肺损伤的保护作用.方法用酵母多糖A腹腔注射制备大鼠急性腹膜炎模型,诱发肺脏损伤.将SD大鼠随机分为4组:(1)正常组,(2)模型组,(3)大黄实验组,(4)抗生素实验组(氨苄西林组).测定肺组织匀浆中丙二醛(MDA)、黄嘌呤氧化酶(XOD)、谷光甘肽(GSH)和血清内毒素水平,并进行血气分析及外周血WBC计数.结果大黄组内毒素、肺组织匀浆中MDA和XOD,以及白细胞计数均明显低于模型组(P＜0.05),而还原GSH变化不明显.结论大黄可能通过降低外周及门静脉血内毒素水平,抑制脂质过氧化和加强自由基的清除,从而减轻实验性腹膜炎引起的肺损伤.     

磷脂酰胆碱对酒精性肝病保护作用的研究进展

酒精性肝病已逐渐成为第二大肝脏疾病,威胁着人类的健康。乙醇引发肝损伤的机制主要包括其代谢产物乙醛对肝细胞造成的毒性作用、自由基损伤及对肝脏线粒体产生的毒性作用等。已证实,磷脂酰胆碱对酒精肝损伤具有明显的保护作用。简要介绍了酒精肝病机制及磷脂酰胆碱对酒精性肝损伤的保护作用研究进展,以期为治疗酒精性肝病提供帮助。     

韭萤叶甲为害中药薤白的观察

韭萤叶甲是为害中药薤白的重要害虫,本文初步研究了韭萤叶甲的生物学特征及生活史,并提出了相应的防治措施。     

纳米中药龙胆草复方制剂对实验性大鼠癫痫的防治作用

目的观察纳米中药龙胆草复方制剂扶植肠道双歧杆菌对实验性大鼠癫痫的治疗作用。方法实验以大鼠腹腔注射青霉素600万U/kg制成癫痫模型。应用纳米治疗,检测双歧杆菌及脑内r氨-基丁酸含量的变化。结果纳米中药持续7 d治疗后,肠道双歧杆菌菌量明显上升,与自然恢复组比较差异有极显著性(P<0.01)。脑内r氨-基丁酸含量接近正常。结论纳米中药龙胆草复方制剂具有良好的抗癫痫作用。     

多元化管理模式对急诊肝病患者的效果观察

目的:近年来,急诊收治的不同病症的肝病患者越来越多,给医护人员带来很大的工作压力,以致工作频频出错,影响护理质量和患者的临床疗效。本文针对急诊肝病患者采取多元化管理模式进行护理,探讨该模式的特点及作用,为肝病的临床护理工作提供可借鉴的方法。方法:选取2011年10月-2012年12月我院急诊科收治的160例肝病患者,分为常规组和管理组。常规组采取基础护理,观察组采取多元化管理模式进行护理,包括人性化管理、分层级管理、情绪管理及环境管理。观察并比较两组患者对护理工作的满意度、护理工作的落实情况及患者的依从性。结果:管理组患者对护理服务的满意度为98.7%,护理工作落实率为97.62%,患者依从性为90.46%;常规组患者对护理服务的满意度为77.5%,护理工作落实率为94.58%,患者依从性为87.82%;管理组的患者满意度、护理工作落实情况及患者依从性均优于对照组,差异显著且具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:采取多元化管理模式进行护理有助于提高护理质量,推进急诊工作顺利进行,更有利于提高肝病患者的临床疗效及对护理工作的满意度,该模式对临床护理工作有重要的指导意义,值得推广。     

人肝刺激因子对实验性急性肝功能衰竭小鼠的保护作用

取健康孕妇水囊引产的4～6个月龄的胎儿肝脏,按LaBreque法提取肝刺激因子(hHSS)。将hHSS注入肝部分切除的大鼠体内,用~3H-TdR掺入肝DNA测定其生物学活性。给昆明种小鼠腹腔注射D-半乳糖胺(D-Gal)以造成急性肝功能衰竭,观察hHSS对这种急性肝衰的保护效应,结果如下:①hHSS明显降低D-Gal所致的小鼠死亡率(P<0.01);②hHSS显著降低D-Gal所致sGPT和sGOT水平增高(sGPT 208.2±26.1比103.6±21.2 U/100ml;sGOT 502.6±65.4比287.8±39.4 U/100m1);③hHSS明显降低D-Gal所致的小鼠肝组织丙二醛水平增高(330.4±38.9比115.5±43.8nmol/100mg蛋白质);④光镜和电镜的组织学观察表明hHSS明显减轻D-Gal对肝组织的损害。上述实验结果表明,hHSS对D-Gal所致的急性肝衰具有明显的保护作用,其机制可能是保护肝细胞正常代谢和防止膜脂质过氧化。     

依达拉奉对大鼠实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎的保护作用

目的:研究依达拉奉对实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis,EAE)的影响。方法:72只健康成年雌性Wistar大鼠随机分为:正常对照组、EAE组、EAE+小剂量依达拉奉组、EAE+大剂量依达拉奉组(n=18)。正常对照组注射生理盐水,其它组采用自制完全抗原诱导EAE模型。EAE组建模后不做任何处理,EAE+小剂量依达拉奉组、EAE+大剂量依达拉奉组分别在建模后给予依达拉奉4mg/k·d、10mg/k·d。比较各组发病率并行神经功能评分,取脊髓组织行HE染色、iNOS、OPN免疫组织化学染色观察。结果:依达拉奉干预组大鼠较EAE组发病率、神经功能缺损评分均明显降低(P<0.05)。HE结果显示依达拉奉干预组较EAE组炎症反应减少,损伤程度减轻。依达拉奉组iNOS、OPN表达均明显小于EAE组(P<0.05)。大剂量依达拉奉iNOS、OPN表达均低于小剂量依达拉奉组(P<0.05)。结论:依达拉奉对EAE具有保护作用,可能与抑制小神经胶质细胞活化,减轻炎症反应,降低iNOS和OPN表达有关。     

依达拉奉对大鼠实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎的保护作用

目的：研究依达拉奉对实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎（Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis,EAE）的影响。方法：72只健康成年雌性Wistar大鼠随机分为：正常对照组、EAE组、EAE＋小剂量依达拉奉组、EAE＋大剂量依达拉奉组（n=18）。正常对照组注射生理盐水,其它组采用自制完全抗原诱导EAE模型。EAE组建模后不做任何处理,EAE＋小剂量依达拉奉组、EAE＋大剂量依达拉奉组分别在建模后给予依达拉奉4mg/k·d、10mg/k·d。比较各组发病率并行神经功能评分,取脊髓组织行HE染色、iNOS、OPN免疫组织化学染色观察。结果：依达拉奉干预组大鼠较EAE组发病率、神经功能缺损评分均明显降低（P〈0.05）。HE结果显示依达拉奉干预组较EAE组炎症反应减少,损伤程度减轻。依达拉奉组iNOS、OPN表达均明显小于EAE组（P〈0.05）。大剂量依达拉奉iNOS、OPN表达均低于小剂量依达拉奉组（P〈0.05）。结论：依达拉奉对EAE具有保护作用,可能与抑制小神经胶质细胞活化,减轻炎症反应,降低iNOS和OPN表达有关。     

络泰对大鼠实验性急性心肌缺血的保护作用及抗脂过氧化作用

采用结扎大鼠冠脉造成急性心肌缺血模型,观察了络泰（三七总皂甙的新型剂）抗实验性心肌缺血作用。结果表明,络泰对大鼠实验性急性心肌缺血有一定程度的保护作用,本品50mg/kg显著减少心电图S－T段的上多（P＜0．01）;络泰5mg/kg、50mg/kg和100mg/kg均显著降低血清CPK（P＜0．05,P＜0．01）;在缩小心肌梗塞范围方面也有一定作用,但统计学上没有显著性。络泰三个剂量组能显著提高SOD活性（P＜0．01）,降低MDA水平（P＜0．05）;本品50mg/kg和100mg/kg还能显著增加心肌缺血时血中PGI2水平（P＜0．05）,提示络泰心肌缺血的保护作用与抗脂过氧化作用有关,其促进PGI2合成作用可能与其抗心肌缺血有关。     

Age and growth of Anguilla anguilla in the Camargue lagoons

Age and total length ( L _T) data from a 11 year monitoring of the Anguilla anguilla eel population of the Camargue lagoons (Rhône delta, southern France) were collected for glass, yellow and silver eels. Three distinct models were calibrated to describe the growth process of undifferentiated eels, females and males, respectively. Uncertainty of parameter estimates was evaluated by bootstrapping. Females were characterized by larger asymptotic body size ( L _T) than males (580 ± 50 v . 388 ± 13 mm) and faster growth, whilst the Brody growth coefficient was larger for males than for females (means ±  s . d . 3·00 10⁻³ ± 1·68 10⁻³ v . 1·73 10⁻³ ± 0·50 10⁻³). Sexual differentiation was estimated to begin at 204 ± 38 mm mean ±  s . d ., i.e . at the end of the second year in the lagoons, well before the L _T at which macroscopic differentiation became possible ( c . 300 mm). Males probably leave the lagoon or die (due to either natural or fishing mortality) within the first 3 years, whilst females can remain up to 5 years. Sexual differentiation and maturation have a major role in shaping the L _T structure of the population. The L _T and mass ( M ) data were fitted by allometric curves     . The calibration of distinct curves for data from different years indicated that the allometric coefficient a was subject to wider interannual fluctuations than the allometric exponent b . A negative correlation linked the average L _T and the allometric exponent ( r  = −0·58, P  < 0·01).     

Short Note on the Effects of Cadmium on the Gill of the Glass Eel (Anguilla anguilla)

Freshwater-adapted glass eels have been exposed to cadmium (5 mg/l) for 3 days and then transferred in clean water for 28 days. Perturbations occurred very early (after 2 hrs only of exposure to cadmium) and concerned mainly the respiratory epithelium: the epithelial cells were very swollen and they showed an important dilation of the endoplasmic reticulum and nuclear membrane. After the decontamination period, signs of recovery appear. Perturbations of osmo-regulatory and respiratory processes are suggested.     

Rod visual pigment changes in the elver of the eel Anguilla anguilla L. measured by microspectrophotometry

The visual pigments in the retinal rods of elvers ( Anguilla anguilla L.) were examined by microspectrophotometry and high performance liquid chromatography. The glass elver stage had a mixture of rhodopsin P501₁ and porphyropsin P523₂ with the former predominating (P501₁:P523₂= c. 60:40). More mature pigmented elvers had a predominance of the porphyropsin P523₂ (P501₁:P523₂= c. 10:90). The shift between the proportions of each pigment was monitored over a 7-month period and was shown to occur in individual retinal rods. This shift is a reverse of the pigment shift that occurs in adult eels during their downstream migration.     

A Meta-Analysis of Chinese Herbal Medicine in Treatment of Managed Withdrawal from Heroin

Chinese herbal medicine has shown promise for heroin detoxification. This review extends a prior meta-analysis of Chinese herbal medicine for heroin detoxification, with particular attention to the time course of symptoms. Both English and Chinese databases were searched for randomized trials comparing Chinese herbal medicine to either α2-adrenergic agonists or opioid agonists for heroin detoxification. The methodological quality of each study was assessed with Jadad’s scale (1–2 = low; 3–5 = high). Meta-analysis was performed with fixed- or random-effect models in RevMan software; outcome measures assessed were withdrawal-symptoms score, anxiety, and adverse effects of treatment. Twenty-one studies (2,949 participants) were included. For withdrawal-symptoms score relieving during the 10-day observation, Chinese herbal medicine was superior to α2-adrenergic agonists in relieving opioid-withdrawal symptoms during 4–10 days (except D8) and no difference was found within the first 3 days. Compared with opioid agonists, Chinese herbal medicine was inferior during the first 3 days, but the difference became non-significant during days 4–9. Chinese herbal medicine has better effect on anxiety relieving at late stage of intervention than α2-adrenergic agonists, and no difference with opioid agonists. The incidence of some adverse effects (fatigue, dizziness) was significantly lower for Chinese herbal medicine than for α2-adrenergic agonists (sufficient data for comparison with opioid agonists were not available). Findings were robust to file-drawer effects. Our meta-analysis suggests that Chinese herbal medicine is an effective and safety treatment for heroin detoxification. And more work is needed to determine the specific effects of specific forms of Chinese herbal medicine.     

Modelling of unexploited and exploited populations of eels, Anguilla anguilla (L.), in the Thames Estuary

Eels were fyke-netted in different zones of the Thames Estuary at various times of year and subsamples sexed, aged and stomachcontentsexamined. Instantaneous mortality coefficients (Z) were calculated for each 3 cm length class for eels > 30 cm and used to construct a compartmental model to assess effects of natural and fishing mortality and migration on different life stages of males and females. Growth rates were good and fishing mortality effects low and masked by effects of emigration/immigration (and, possibly, local migrations). Density-dependent mortality appeared to be having minor effects. Males dominate freshwater sites, females the more saline zone and possible implications of food availability and density are discussed. It is concluded the stock is not being over-exploited but that elver recruitment is relatively low. Means of increasing exploitation are discussed, as are ways of increasing production of females to enhance elver recruitment to the Thames and other European rivers.     

Occurrence of Phyllodistomum folium (Olfers) (Digenea) in the eel, Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus), in a small river

The occurrence of Phyllodistomum folium in a population of eels was studied throughout one year. Abundance exhibited a summer peak. Gravid adults were found in all months, indicating that eels can serve as a definitive host for this parasite.     

Swimming activity and behaviour of European Anguilla anguilla glass eels in response to photoperiod and flow reversal and the role of energy status

To better understand migratory divergences among Anguilla anguilla glass eels, the behaviour of individuals caught at the time of their estuary entrance was studied through their response to a light:dark cycle and then to both water current reversal and light:dark cycle. In a first experiment, fish moving with the flow in response to dusk (M⁺ fish) and fish that had not exhibited any movement (M⁻ fish) were distinguished. Anguilla anguilla from these two groups were then individually marked and their response to water current reversal compared. M⁺ individuals mainly exhibited negative rheotaxis with a tidal periodicity, whereas positive rheotaxis was mainly exhibited by M⁻ individuals. Thus, M⁺ A. anguilla glass eels showing negative rheotaxis appear to have the strongest propensity to migrate, the converse applies to M⁻ ones showing positive rheotaxis. A small percentage of individuals (5%) were hyperactive, alternately swimming with and against the current with almost no resting phase. These fish lost c . 2 mg wet mass day⁻¹, whereas individuals which were almost inactive lost c . 1 mg day⁻¹. Wet and dry mass changes in relation to activity levels were compared with previous experiments and it was concluded that A. anguilla glass eel energy status might be involved in differences in migratory tendencies but other factors that might be important are discussed. It is proposed that any decrease in A. anguilla glass eel energy stores associated with global warming might lead to an increase in the proportion of sedentary individuals and thus be involved in the decrease in the recruitment to freshwater habitats.     

黄芪、何首乌、女贞子、菟丝子混合提取物对体外培养毛囊生长的影响及药理作用研究

目的:通过体内外实验探讨黄芪、何首乌、女贞子、菟丝子混合中药提取物对毛囊增殖的影响作用以及其作用机理。方法:通过体外培养的C57BL/6小鼠毛囊器官模型观察不同浓度中药提取物对毛囊生长的影响;采用MTT法测定不同浓度中药提取物对毛乳头增殖的影响;蛋白免疫印迹法(Western Blot)和ELISA检测中药提取物对毛乳头细胞分泌肝细胞生长因子(HGF)的影响。结果:中药提取物能够刺激体外培养的小鼠毛囊的生长,800μg/mL浓度的促进作用最强;160μg/mL中药提取物对毛乳头细胞的增殖作用最强,与米诺地尔、齐墩果酸阳性对照存在显著性差异(P0.05)。而且,药提取物促进了毛乳头细胞分泌HGF。结论:黄芪、何首乌、女贞子、菟丝子混合中药提取物在促进毛发生长中起到重要作用,促进毛乳头细胞增殖和分泌HGF是促进毛囊生长的可能性药理机制。     

冠状动脉钙化及相关中草药的作用

动脉钙化（AC）,尤其是属于动脉内膜钙化的冠状动脉钙化（CAC）,是动脉粥样硬化过程中的一种病理现象。最初,CAC是减轻动脉粥样硬化炎症的一种自我保护机制。但是,它也是造成动脉粥样硬化斑块破裂的重要原因。尤其是CAC早期的微钙化,这是斑块破裂的主要原因。从早期的微钙化到后期动脉钙化的稳定融合,不同程度的CAC对心血管事件有不同影响。数百年来,中草药（CHM）一直被用于治疗动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病。CHM如何有效治疗CAC及其病理机制有待进一步研究。本文回顾了CAC发生的分子机制以及CHM对这些病理过程的影响。