Four new species of the mite genus Bakerdania (Heterostigmata, Pygmephoridae) from Russia

Four new mite species (Bakerdania palustris, B. taymyrica, B. mycophila, and B. littoralis) from different regions of Russia are described. Bakerdania palustris sp. n. is most similar to B. janetscheki Mahunka, 1970, differing in the presence of adjoining bases of setae ps ₂ and ps ₃ (in B. janetscheki, ps ₃ is separated from ps ₂) and also by shorter smooth setae 2b (in B. janetscheki, setae 2b are serrate and distinctly longer). Bakerdania taymyrica sp. n. is most similar to B. heisseli Mahunka, 1970, differing in the presence of the brush-like setae 1a (that are trichoid and serrate in B. heisseli); shorter setae tc′ on the tibiotarsus I, that are almost half as long as setae pl′ (in B. heisseli, tc′ is much longer, nearly as long as pl′). Bakerdania mycophila sp. n. is most similar to B. racki (Mahunka, 1967), differing in the presence of significantly longer ventral setae and the separate solenidion ω₁ (in B. racki, the latter is fused with the tibiotarsus). Bakerdania littoralis sp. n. is most similar to B. racki, differing from the latter in the shape of setae 1a, 2a, 3a, 3b, 4a that are basally thickened; in the shape of setae ps ₁ (trichoid in B. racki); and in the presence of the non-furcated setae 1b (in B. racki, these setae are bifurcate).     

A description of preimaginal stages of Pseudaspidapion botanicum Alonso-Zarazaga & Wang, 2011 (Apionidae,?Curculionoidea)

The preimaginal stages including egg, mature larva and pupa of Pseudaspidapion botanicum Alonso-Zarazaga & Wang, 2011 were described and figured, diagnostic characters of larva and pupa were discussed, and corresponding biological information was supplied. The nomenclature of frontal setae in the larva compared with curculionid weevils, the absence of the hypopharyngeal bracon in the larva, and the metafemoral setae in the pupa were discussed. Common and different characters among the larvae of Pseudaspidapion botanicum, Aspidapion radiolus (Marsham, 1802) and Aspidapion aeneum (Fabricius, 1775) were also provided.     

Fine structure of the tibiotarsal and pretarsal sensory organs in Monobella grassei banyulensis Deharveng (Collembola : Neanuridae)

The fine structure of the tibiotarsal and pretarsal sensory organs of Monobella grassei banyulensis Deharveng (Collembola : Neanuridae) has been examined by electron microscopy.Three types of sensory organs have been observed. (1) the most numerous setae of the tibiotarsus are classic mechanosensitive setae with one bipolar sensory cell, whose distal outer segment ends in a tubular body. (2) Two small setae are arranged on each side of the basal part of the claw; they show 3 sensory cells, 2 of which are mechanosensitive cells of the scolopidial type; the outer segments of the 2 mechanosensitive cells end at the base of the sensory hair. The dendrite of the 3rd sensory cell extends into the hair shaft. (3) Two similar chordotonal sensilla link the tibiotarsus and the pretarsus; each sensillum is composed of 2 bipolar sensory cells enveloped in sheath cells. The first type of sensory organ shows the characteristics of insect exteroceptive mechanosensitive hairs. The mechanosensitive cells of the 2nd and 3rd tibiotarsus sensory organs are probably proprioceptive and control the movements of the pretarsus in relation to the tibiotarsus. Two features are noteworthy: (1) the association of the scolopidial cells with a chemosensitive one has never been observed in other insect sensory organs, except in the Collembola; and (2) there is an important morphological diversity in the ciliary roots of the various scolopidial cells, which are in other respects very similar.     

The larva of Libellula foliata (Kirby, 1889) (Odonata: Libellulidae)

The larva of Libellula foliata (Kirby) is described based upon mature larvae from the Biosphere Reserve of ??El Triunfo?? in the state of Chiapas. It belongs to the small group of species without dorsal protuberances, L. composita (Hagen), L. comanche Calvert and L. saturata Uhler. The following combination of characters permits the separation of L. foliata larva from the other aforementioned larvae: tergites 6?C10 uniformly colored, no lateral spines on segments 8?C9, 5?C6 palpal setae and 3 long premental setae. After this finding, only the larvae of Libellula gaigei Gloyd and L. nodisticta Hagen remain undiscovered for the Mexican species of Libellula.     

Description of the Larva of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Protaetia famelica</Emphasis> (Coleoptera,Scarabaeoidea) from the Russian Far East

A previously unknown larva of Protaetia famelica is described and illustrated. The larva of P. famelica is similar to that of P. brevitarsis in the number of posterior epicranial setae and in the presence of anterior frontal setae but differs in the chaetotaxy of the head capsule, in the epipharynx structure, and in the number and position of spinules on the anal sternite. An original key to the known larvae of the genus Protaetia in the fauna of the Russian Far East is given.     

Larval phases and ecology of Chrysolina (Pezocrosita) sahlbergiana (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae)

Larvae of four instars are described in the little known leaf-beetle species Chrysolina sahlbergiana Jacobson from the Minusinsk Depression. Artemisia spp. is recorded as its host plant. Short setae on small scleroids distinguish the described larva from those of other species of the subgenus Pezocrosita. According to this character, this larva is closely related to larvae of species of the arcto-alpine subgenera of Chrysolina Motsch. Ch. sahlbergiana is regarded as a trans-Sayan, depression-steppe petrophilous species.     

A new type of loriciferan larva (Shira larva) from the deep sea of Shatsky Rise,Pacific Ocean

Loricifera is a phylum of minute animals that live exclusively in marine sediments. A total of 33 species have been described so far in this phylum; however, several more are already known from preliminary observations. Loriciferans are characterised by a complex life cycle, which involves a succession of several adult and larval stages. Here, we describe a new type of loriciferan larval stage: the Shira larva. The gross morphology of this larva is generally similar to that of the most prominent larval type of Loricifera, the so-called Higgins larva. However, the Shira larva possesses a number of unique features, namely (1) a single pair of anteroventral setae is present in the most anterior region of the abdomen, (2) the bases of the anteroventral setae are very large and swollen, (3) the thorax and abdomen are thinner than the introvert and (4) the abdominal region is divided into five sub-regions. Accordingly, we described the new species, Tenuiloricus shirayamai gen. nov. et sp. nov. (incertae sedis). The new findings are discussed from a comparative perspective with the Higgins larva as well as with the fossil of a putative loriciferan larval stage from the Middle Cambrian.     

The morphology of larvae and systematics of the leaf-beetles Chrysolina tundralis and Chrysolina roddi (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Chrysomelinae)

The 1st- and 4th-instar larvae of Chrysolina tundralis and Ch. roddi and the egg of the latter species are described for the first time; the instar-related changes of the larval morphology are discussed. The 4th-instar larva of Ch. tundralis is very similar to that of Ch. septentrionalis, but differs in the smaller sclerite-like plates of the abdominal segments and wider spaces between them (4–7 times as wide as a sclerite-like plate). The 4th-instar larva of Ch. roddi is very similar to that of Ch. pedestris, but differs in the dark brown coloration of the body and a fewer number of setae (9–12) in the dorsolateral areas of the meso- and metathorax. Data on the habitats and host plants of the larvae are given.     

A description of the larva and pupa of Trox mandli (Coleoptera, Trogidae) from the Russian Far East

The previously unknown larvae of Trox mandli Balthasar of the family Trogidae are described and illustrated. The larva of T. mandli Balthasar differs from that of T. sabulosus (Linnaeus) in shape of the setae on abdominal tergite I, and from that of T. scaber (Linnaeus), in the chaetotaxy of the epipharynx. A key to the known larvae of the genus Trox Fabricius from the Russian Far East is given.     

A redescription of Cumoniscus Bonnier, 1903 (Crustacea: Tantulocarida) from a cumacean host in the Bay of Biscay

Cumoniscus kruppi Bonnier, the only tantulocarid known from a cumacean host, is redescribed from a tantulus larva collected from the Bay of Biscay. The host is a male leuconid cumacean. This genus is placed in the family Deoterthridae, and can be distinguished from other genera by the pore pattern on the cephalic shield, the reduced setae on the sixth legs and the presence of tiny curved spinules on the endopod of thoracopods 2 to 5.     

斜脉蝠蛾幼虫分类特征研究

本文研究报道了冬虫夏草主要寄主之一斜脉蝠蛾Hipialus oblifurcus Chu et Wang幼虫头、胸、腹各部分的形态特征、颜色、毛序及各龄幼虫的头宽和体长,可作为鉴别种类的依据。     

Descriptions of the larvae of the beetle family Trogidae (Coleoptera,Scarabaeoidea) from the Russian Far East

Previously unknown larvae of Trox ussuriensis Balthasar, T. koreanus Kim, T. zoufali Balthasar, and Glyptotrox ineptus (Balthasar) of the family Trogidae are described and illustrated. The larva of T. ussuriensis differs from that of T. sabulosus (Linnaeus) in the shape of setae on the abdominal tergite I and in the chaetotaxy of the head capsule. The larva of T. koreanus differs from those of T. zoufali and T. scaber (Linnaeus) in the chaetotaxy of the head capsule, clypeus, and labrum. The larva of T. zoufali is very similar to those of T. koreanus and T. scaber but differs in the chaetotaxy of the head capsule. The larva of Glyptotrox ineptus is similar to that of G. mandli (Balthasar) but differs in the chaetotaxy of the head capsule and in the presence of furrows on the frons. An original key to the known larvae of the family Trogidae of the fauna of the Russian Far East is given.     

Morphology of juvenile stages of Birsteinius clavatus (Acari, Oribatida, Liacaridae)

The morphology of the juvenile stages of the mite Birsteinius clavatus (Oribatida, Liacaridae) is described and illustrated. The body and legs possess a granular cerotegument. The nymphs possess exuviae (this fact is mentioned for Liacaridae for the first time). Sensilla are well developed, possessing elongate spindle-shaped hairs, with noticeable swelling and flagellate tip. Interlamellar setae are long, setiform in larva, and small thornshaped in nymphs. Gastronotic setae are long, barbed, possessing flagellate tips. Setal formulae of the body (larva to tritonymph) are the following: genital (0-1-2-4), aggenital (0-0-1-1), anal (0-0-0-2), adanal (0-0-3-3), gastronotic (11-12-12-12) and epimeral setae (3-1-2, 3-1-2-1, 3-1-2-2, 3-1-3-3). Palpal tarsus possesses 8 setae and a single solenidion; the solenidion is not fused with any seta. Femora I and IV possess very long seta. Juvenile stages of B. clavatus combine morphological features of Liacarus (Liacaridae) and Gustavia (Gustaviidae). Norton’s hypothesis (1983) on phylogenetic relations in Gustavioidea is discussed.     

A new species of Jesogammarus from the Iki Island,Japan (Crustacea,Amphipoda, Anisogammaridae)

A new species of anisogammarid amphipod, Jesogammarus (Jesogammarus) ikiensis sp. n., is described from freshwaters in the Iki Island, Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan, based on results of morphological and molecular analyses. The new species is distinguished from all members of the genus by the combination of small number of setae on dorsal margins of pleonites 1–3, short and small number of setae on posterior margins of peduncular articles of antennae, mandibular article 1 without setae, well developed posterior lobes of accessory lobes of coxal gills on gnathopod 2 and pereopods 3–5, and pectinate setae on palmar margin of female gnathopod 2. A key to all the species of Jesogammarus is provided.     

The larva of Oecetis tripunctata (Fabricius, 1793) (Trichoptera,Leptoceridae)

Oecetis tripunctata is a widely distributed leptocerid in Europe, ranging from the Iberian and Apennine peninsulas and the Central and Western European highlands to the plains of Eastern Europe. The long, single-bladed mandibles are indicative for a predacious lifestyle. This paper describes the previously unknown larva of Oecetis tripunctata. Information on the morphology of the 5th larval instar is given, and the most important diagnostic features are illustrated. A synoptic key for the European species of Oecetis is also provided. In the context of existing identification keys the larva of Oecetis tripunctata keys together with Oecetis intima and Oecetis notata. Oecetis tripunctata is separated from the other two species by the fact that a double row of long setal fringes is lacking at the hind tibiae and that several long setae are present on the protrochantinus.     

吴氏角叶蚤幼虫形态记述及其与同属另外三种的比较（蚤目：角叶蚤科）

描述了吴氏角叶蚤Ceratophyllus wui Wang et Liu 的幼虫形态,并与同属三种蚤幼虫作比较,标本采自湖北省西北部神农架海拔2 300 m 短嘴金丝燕四川亚种 Collocalia brevirostris innominata巢窝内。     

Description of the new subgenus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Metoporaphodius</Emphasis> subgen. n. of the genus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Aphodius</Emphasis> Helw. (Coleoptera,Scarabaeidae) and of the larva of its type species, <Emphasis Type="Italic">A. plustschewskii</Emphasis> D. Kosh.

The new Irano-Turanian subgenus, Metoporaphodius subgen. n., is erected in Aphodius Helw. for A. plustschewskii D. Kosh. (type species) and A. baghlanicus Frolov. The males of Metoporaphodius subgen. n. are distinguished by the presence of a comb of dense setae on hind tibia and by the parameres with spatulate projections. The 3rd instar larva of A. plustschewskii has 2 rows of large flattened spinules on anal stemite (with 10-12 spinules in a row), and 3 spinules on the lacinial apex.