芦芽山自然保护区ChiXiao的生态

１９９３－１９９５年,在芦芽山自然保护区对我国二重点保护物（ＢｕｂｏＢｕｂｏ）的生态进行了调查,在本地区ＣｈｉＸｉａｏ栖于山地疏林、岩石灌丛及丘陵农田。每年３－６月繁殖,３月下旬产卵、每隔２－３ｄ产卵一枚,每窝产卵２－４枚、孵卵期３９ｄ、孵化率８８．８９％。雏鸟被亲鸟抚育７０ｄ后离巢。本区ＣｈｉＸｉａｏ食物以农林鼠类主。     

芦芽山自然保护区太平鸟冬季种群密度及食性

太平鸟 (Ｂｏｍｂｙｃｉｌｌａｇａｒｒｕｌｕｓ)为我国和日本两国政府协定共同保护的候鸟。近几年发现在芦芽山、庞泉沟、五鹿山、运城、历山等保护区越冬。鉴于该鸟在保护中的重要意义 ,我们于 1 996～ 1 998年的冬季 ,在山西芦芽山保护区 ,对其冬季种群密度及食性进行了研究 ,以期为环境监测和鸟类资源保护提供依据。1　工作区自然概况芦芽山保护区位于山西省宁武、五寨、岢岚 3县交界。东经 1 1 1°55′～ 1 1 2°5′ ,北纬 3 8°3 5′～ 3 8°4 5′。境内森林繁茂 ,灌木丛生 ,水份充足 ,生境多样。2　工作方法2 1　迁徙观察方法　选定…     

芦芽山自然保护区雀鹰繁殖习性

芦芽山自然保护区雀鹰繁殖习性肖文,李运生山西省芦芽山自然保护区宁武０３６００７２．山西省生物研究所雀鹰（Ａｃｃｉｐｉｔｅｒｎｉｓｕｓ）已被列入我国二级重点保护野生动物。我们于１９９２—１９９４年３—１０月,在山西省芦芽山自然保护区,对雀鹰的繁殖习性进...     

山西芦芽山自然保护区黑鹳的繁殖及保护

1998－2000年在山西芦芽山国家级自然保护区对黑鹳的数量和繁殖生态作了调查。本区黑鹳最早迁来为2月28日,最晚迁离为11月5日,开始产卵最早是3月8日,窝卵数3－4枚,孵化期31－32天,巢内育雏70－75天,幼鸟成活率为59．4％。该鸟数量稀少,在本区的繁殖个体数量相对稳定,应加强保护。     

山西芦芽山自然保护区山麻雀的生态资料

2000～2003年的4～10月在山西芦芽山国家级自然保护区,对山麻雀的生态进行了观察。结果表明,山麻雀在本区最早迁来为5月4日,最晚迁离为9月24日;繁殖前每公里遇见数为0．64只,繁殖后每公里遇见数0．79只。最早营巢期为6月1日,最早产卵期为6月9日,窝卵数4～6枚,最早孵化期为6月13日,孵化期12～13天,孵化率为84．44％;巢内育雏期为13～14天,巢外育雏期为8～9天,幼鸟成活率为86．84％,繁殖力为2．11只。食物中动物性食物占75．43％,植物性食物占24．60％。     

山西芦芽山自然保护区黑鹳的繁殖及保护

1998～2000年在山西芦芽山国家级自然保护区对黑鹳的数量和繁殖生态作了调查.本区黑鹳最早迁来为2月28日,最晚迁离为11月5日,开始产卵最早是3月8日,窝卵数3～4枚,孵化期31～32天,巢内育雏70～75天,幼鸟成活率为59.4%.该鸟数量稀少,在本区的繁殖个体数量相对稳定,应加强保护.     

芦芽山自然保护区栩的生态

９９３－１９９５年,在芦芽山自然保护区对我国二级重点保护动物（ＢｕｂｏＢｕｂｏ）的生态进行了调查,在本地区栖于山地疏林、岩石灌丛及丘陵农田。每年３－６月繁殖,３月下旬产卵、每隔２－３ｄ产卵一枚,每窝产卵２－４枚、孵卵期３９ｄ、孵化率８８８９％。雏鸟被亲鸟抚育７０ｄ后离巢。本区食物以农林鼠类为主。     

芦芽山自然保护区普通翠鸟生态记述

1　工作方法依据普通翠鸟 (Ａｌｃｅｄｏａｔｔｈｉｓ)的生物学特性 ,沿本区 3条主要河流梅洞河、圪洞河、汾河为调查路线 ,确定种群密度。 3年共调查 72ｋｍ流水环境。于每年 5、6月进行 ,每月 4次 ,每条河流每周调查 1次 ,每次3ｋｍ ,每次调查路线左右视区各 1 0 0ｍ ,由 2人一组记录河流上空飞翔、河滩巨石上停息、正在取食和听到鸣声、河流附近土坎上、岩石上、堤坝上等站立的个体数量。确定其在本区的居留情况时 ,选定西马坊至榆木桥河流环境 ,在每年 3～ 4月和 9～ 1 0月 ,隔日观察 3小时为一次 ,统计其最早和最晚获见日期。表 1　普…     

山西芦芽山自然保护区山噪鹛的生态观察

山噪鹛（Garrulax davidi）为我国特产鸟类,在山西为留鸟.2002～2004年,在山西芦芽山国家级自然保护区对山噪鹛的生态进行了观察.结果表明：该鸟多在山地疏林灌丛间栖息,在本区种群遇见率为2.35只/ km.巢多筑在阳坡灌木、小乔木横枝上,每窝产卵3～5枚,卵由雌鸟孵化,孵化期13～14天,孵化率为97.44%,巢内育雏12～13天.     

红嘴山鸦青藏亚种鸣声的初步探讨

2006 年10月,在四川省若尔盖县铁布自然保护区,对红嘴山鸦鸣声进行了记录并将其主要鸣声进行了声谱分析.非繁殖期红嘴山鸦具有联络、呼唤、应答、报警、惊叫和集群觅食鸣声6种叫声,其中联络和报警声最为常见,呼应声和应答声是一个连续的过程;获得了联络、呼唤、应答、报警、惊叫和集群觅食鸣声6种叫声的语谱图及其频谱特征.初步探讨了红嘴山鸦的鸣声与其相应行为之间的关系.     

芦芽山保护区白胸苦恶鸟的生态

白胸苦恶鸟 (Ａｍａｕｒｏｎｉｓｐｈｏｅｎｉｃｕｒｕｓ)为我国和日本两国政府共同保护的候鸟。我们于 1 996～ 1 998年的 5～ 8月 ,在山西芦芽山国家级自然保护区对白胸苦恶鸟的生态进行了观察 ,以期为环境监测和保护鸟类资源提供可靠的依据 ,现报道如下。1　工作区概况及方法芦芽山自然保护区位于山西省吕梁山北端 ,地处宁武、五寨、岢岚 3县交界 ,东经 1 1 1°50′～ 1 1 2°5′,北纬 3 8°3 5′～ 3 8°4 5′之间。境内森林繁茂 ,灌木丛生 ,水资源充沛。面积 3 2 1 8万亩 ,主峰芦芽山海拔2 772ｍ。选定芦芽山河及汾河两岸的沼泽地段 ,…     

Diet of the Red-billed Chough Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax in south-east Spain

A sample of 140 Red-billed Chough pellets (35 from each season) was collected from communal roosting sites in south-east Spain. In almost every pellet there were three distinct dietary fractions: animal, vegetable and mineral. The animal faction constituted nearly 50% of the pellet volume in each of the four seasons. Wild grains and cultivated cereals were the most important vegetable elements, while 60% of animal prey (n= 3484) were beetles (mainly Tenebrionidae). There was marked seasonal variation in the composition of both the vegetable and animal fractions, the latter associated mainly with variation in the occurrence of Orthoptera, Lepidoptera larvae and Formicidae. Mixed flocks of Choughs and Jackdaws were common in the study area though agonistic interspecific interactions were never observed. The diets of the two species differ in that Choughs eat more beetles and wild seeds, whilst Jackdaws prefer ants and cereals. These observations support the hypothesis that competition from Jackdaws is not responsible for the reduction in the Chough's range.     

Ecogeographic correlates of morphometric variation in the Red-billed Chough Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax and the Alpine Chough Pyrrhocorax graculus

We estimated the magnitude of intraspecific geographic variation in the Red-billed Chough Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax and the Alpine Chough Pyrrhocorax graculus from the analysis of external measurements of museum specimens collected throughout the Palearctic ranges of the species. By means of univariate and multivariate techniques we tested the importance of climatic and geographic factors as potential agents that might have shaped Red-billed and Alpine Chough morphology, discussing the dynamics of the interplay between natural selection, gene flow and phylogenetic constraints. Both species exhibited concordance in character differentiation. Bergmann's rule offered a valid explanation of Red-billed and Alpine Chough body size variation with the largest birds being found at higher elevation, or in colder and more arid regions. Shape was also important. The extremities of the body (bill and tarsus) were longer in warmer areas, in line with Allen's rule. In the Alpine Chough, temperature seemed to be the most important cause of body trait variation, whilst in the Red-billed Chough geographic distance among populations (a measure of geographic isolation) and altitude were also significant. In this paper we critically evaluate the validity of subspecific categories quoted in the literature, given that most variation appeared to be clinal.     

芦芽山自然保护区紫啸鸫的繁殖生态观察

紫啸鸫 (Ｍｙｉｏｐｈｏｎｅｕｓｃａｅｒｕｌｅｕｓ)为山地溪边生活的鸟类。 1 997～ 1 999年的 5至 9月作者在芦芽山保护区对紫啸鸫的繁殖生态作了观察。现将结果报道如下。1　自然概况及工作方法芦芽山自然保护区位于山西省吕梁山北端 ,地处宁武、五寨、岢岚三县交界 ,东经 1 1 1°50′～ 1 1 2°5′3 0″,北纬 3 8°3 5′4 0″～ 3 8°4 5′之间。境内森林繁茂 ,灌木丛生 ;总面积 3 2 . 1 8万亩 ,主峰芦芽山海拔 2772ｍ ;年均温 4～ 7°Ｃ ,年降水 50 0～ 70 0ｍｍ ,无霜期 90～ 1 3 5天。工作过程中 ,我们事先选定三条调查路线 ,(圪洞…     

A comparative analysis of the diets of the Chough Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax and the Alpine Chough Pyrrhocorax graculus coexisting in the Alps

The diets of the Chough Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax and the Alpine Chough Pyrrhocorax graculus coexisting in the western Italian Alps have been compared by faecal analyses. A total of 1581 fresh droppings (405 of the Chough and 1176 of the Alpine Chough) were collected in the pastures of the Rhêmes Valley, Aosta, Italy, from June to November 1992 and analysed in the laboratory, and a mean volume percentage for each item was calculated. Both species were omnivorous, including animal, vegetable and mineral dietary fractions. There was no overlap in the vegetable part of the diet since the Chough fed virtually exclusively on Yellow Gagea Gagea fistulosa bulbs (dug out from the soil), which were not taken at all by the Alpine Chough. Conversely, the Alpine Chough fed on berries and hips from September to November, but these were virtually ignored by the Chough. Even though animal items were collected by both species, their preferences were different. In June, Alpine Choughs largely collected cranefly (Tipula) larvae whilst Choughs mainly fed on Lepidoptera larvae. From July onward, Alpine Choughs mainly consumed grasshoppers while Choughs also collected Tipula pupae, Lepidoptera and fly (Bibionidae) larvae and beetles (Scarabaeidae and Staphylinidae). Interspecific morphological and behavioural differences may be partly responsible for the segregation observed. Chemical composition and caloric contents of the food items suggest that the balance between costs of collecting and benefits of consuming may also contribute to diet differentiation. Both species took a broad spectrum of food, and there was no clear indication that the different population densities of the two Choughs in the Alps were directly correlated with diet, even though some data suggest that during autumn the Alpine Chough might have a diet better adapted to the high mountain environment than the Chough.     

Social structuring at a communal roost of Choughs Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax

The social structure of a communal roost of Choughs Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax was studied between July and September 1985. Different age classes within the roost were spatially segregated. Third-year birds were significantly more likely to attack another Chough and roosted in the densest part of the roosting flock. First-year birds roosted significantly lower down the roost cliff and on the periphery of the flock.     

八仙山国家级自然保护区山樱花种群结构特征

山樱花(Cerasus serrulata)是樱花的野生种,其花色和树形优美,是重要而稀少的樱属观赏植物资源.近年,在燕山山脉东麓的天津北部山区,发现比较集中分布的山樱花种群.为明确该野生山樱花种群特征,探究其生态分布习性,本研究选取了天津八仙山国家级自然保护区阴坡、山脊、阳坡3种不同坡位中的山樱花群落,设置样地进行了...