心梗患者血浆MMS对大鼠心脏功能的作用观察

心梗患者血浆ＭＭＳ对大鼠心脏功能的作用观察崔存德王桂兰李韶关兵才张慧（滨州医学院生理教研室,滨州２５６６０３）血浆中分子物质（ＭＭＳ）是分子量在３００～５０００Ｄａｌｔｏｎ之间的一类多肽。资料证明ＭＭＳ可抑制细胞对葡萄糖的摄取、腺苷酸环化酶、Ｎａ＋－...     

自发性高血压大鼠心肌肥厚和心肌MAPK、AngⅡ的关系

放免法测定自发性高血压大鼠（ＳＨＲ）血浆及心肌血管紧张素Ⅱ（ＡｎｇⅡ）含量,凝胶内磷酸化法测定心肌丝裂素活化蛋白激酶活性（ＭＡＰＫ）,以心脏重／体重表示心肌肥厚程度。结果表明：与４个月的ＷＫＹ大鼠比较,４个月的ＳＨＲ血浆和心肌组织ＡｎｇⅡ及心肌ＭＡＰＫ活性分别增加了２１８．６％、１０１．２％和１０７．０％,心肌肥大程度严重,其中ＭＡＰＫ活性与心肌肥大程度呈明显正相关。提示４个月ＳＨＲ心肌肥厚可能是     

卡托普利对短时间停灌后再灌注大鼠心肌的保护作用

短时间缺血的心肌再灌注时不会发生坏死,但往往出现较长时间的舒缩功能低下等变化,这一现象被称为心肌顿抑(myocardial stunning)。预防或减轻心肌顿抑则有利于心肌再灌注时心功能的恢复。从这一考虑出发,本实验在离体大鼠工作心脏模型上,观察了再灌注时给予卡托普利(caaptopril)对20min停灌/再灌注心脏舒缩功能恢复、心肌Ca~(2 )含量和心肌乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)释放量的影响。     

缺氧条件下血管活性因子对血管内皮细胞中VEGF表达的影响

 探讨在缺氧条件下人脐静脉血管内皮细胞对血管内皮生长因子 (vascular endothelialgrowth factor,VEGF)表达及缩血管活性物质内皮素 (ET)、舒血管活性物质一氧化氮 (NO)和 NO抑制剂 LNNA对 VEGF基因表达的影响 .体外培养人脐静脉血管内皮细胞 ,经缺氧及血管活性物质处理 .Northern杂交、酶联免疫检测和计算机图象分析等观察 VEGF m RNA和蛋白表达水平 .发现缺氧 6h内皮细胞可见 VEGF表达 .ET可促进 VEGF m RNA的表达 ,NO可明显抑制 VEGFm RNA的表达 ,NO抑制剂 LNNA也影响 VEGF m RNA的表达 .ELISA检测 VEGF蛋白水平分别为 6h组 8.2± 1 .1 ng/ L,ET+6h组 9.37± 1 .0 2 ng/ L,NO+6h组 2 .86± 0 .91 ng/ L,L - NNA+6h组 1 4.75± 1 .87ng/ L.缺氧可诱导人脐静脉血管内皮细胞分泌 VEGF并受血管活性物质ET和 NO的调控 ,ET促进其表达 ,NO抑制其表达 .     

牛磺酸对失血性休克复苏家兔血浆和心肌NOS活性影响

目的:探讨牛磺酸对失血性休克复苏后血浆和心肌一氧化氮合酶(NOS)活性、一氧化氮(NO)含量变化的影响.方法:新西兰种兔24只随机分为3组(n=8):对照组、休克组、牛磺酸治疗组.采用失血性休克复苏动物模型.连续观察休克前、休克1.5 h、复苏后1 h、2 h、3 h血浆一氧化氮合酶(NOS)活性、一氧化氮代谢产物(NO-2/NO-3)含量、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性的动态变化.测定复苏后3 h心肌一氧化氮合酶(NOS)活性、一氧化氮代谢产物(NO-2/NO-3)含量的变化,并常规留取心肌标本观察形态学改变.结果:①休克组复苏后各时限血浆NOS活性、NO-2/NO-3含量、LDH活性显著高于休克前及休克1.5 h;②休克组复苏后3 h心肌NOS活性、NO-2/NO-3含量显著高于对照组,心肌出现明显水肿和脂肪变性;③牛磺酸(40 mg·kg-1 iv)可显著缓解上述变化.结论:失血性休克复苏后NOS的激活和NO的大量释放,可能介导了休克复苏所致心肌损伤,牛磺酸可减少NO的生成使心肌损伤减轻.     

止血带休克时主动脉舒缩功能与一氧化氮合酶活性的关系

目的：为探讨止血带休克发生过程中血管舒缩功能的改变及意义,以及与血管一氧化氮（ＮＯ）产生的关系。方法：采用Ｒｏｓｅｎｔｈａｌ方法复制大鼠止血带休克（ＴｏＳ）模型,分别测定对照组和ＴｏＳ组大鼠血浆中,主动脉孵育液中亚硝酸盐（ＮＯ－２）含量及主动脉组织中ｃＧＭＰ含量,一氧化氮合酶（ＮＯＳ）活性,同时观察了主动脉血管环舒缩功能的改变。结果：ＴｏＳ大鼠离体主动脉环对去甲肾上腺素的反应性降低;其血浆和主动脉孵育液中ＮＯ－２明显增加;主动脉ｃＧＭＰ含量增多;主动脉血管总ＮＯＳ活性加强,其中主要是诱导型ＮＯＳ（ｉＮＯＳ）活性增加。结论：ＴｏＳ大鼠主动脉ＮＯＳ活性加强,产生ＮＯ增多,造成血管低反应性。     

脂蛋白脂酶与糖尿病心肌病

脂蛋白脂酶(lipoprotein lipase,LPL)通过水解血浆中富含甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG)的脂蛋白,为心肌组织提供游离脂肪酸(free fatty acid,FFA)供能。糖尿病期间,由于心肌组织减弱对葡萄糖的利用能力,导致心脏供能不足。此时,机体通过一系列机制上调心肌LPL活性,促进血浆极低密度脂蛋白(very low density lipoprotein,VLDL)和乳糜微粒(chylomicrons,CM)的水解,以增强FFA为心肌组织代偿性供能。糖尿病患者通过上调心肌LPL活性,进而促使血浆FFA浓度显著升高,导致大量活性氧、脂质等在心肌细胞内蓄积,并潜在地诱发糖尿病心肌病(diabetic cardiomyopathy,DCM)。因此,本文主要针对糖尿病对心肌LPL的调控机制及LPL如何潜在地诱发DCM做一综述,以期为DCM提供新的治疗靶点和途径。     

Sirt1与心肌保护

Sirt1是依赖烟碱胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NAD+)的第III类组蛋白去乙酰化酶。在心肌细胞中,Sirt1通过去乙酰化相关因子增强细胞抵抗氧化应激的能力、减少细胞凋亡、减轻炎症反应、调节能量代谢、协调心脏舒缩功能,发挥心肌保护作用。现主要对Sirt1的相关信号通路及其心肌保护作用研究进展进行综述。     

川芎嗪对缺血心肌的保护及抗氧化作用的实验研究

研究川芎嗪的心肌保护及抗氧化作用机制。在心脏停跳液中加入川芎嗪后对离全兔心脏进行缺血再灌注,然后观察心肌线粒体内丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量、超氧化物岐化酶（ＳＯＤ）活性及心肌组织超微结构损伤程度。发现含有川芎嗪的停跳液组丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量显著降低,超氧化物岐化酶（ＳＯＤ）活显著升高,观察心肌组织超微结构损伤程度发现较轻,因此,川芎嗪对缺血心肌具有良好的保护脑抗氧化作用。     

影响灰褐链霉菌S1001产碱性几丁质酶的因素

河南农业大学筛选的灰褐链霉菌Ｓ1 0 0 1所产碱性几丁质酶 ,经大田实验对Ｂｔ增效明显 ,但菌株产酶量低。本实验旨在探讨影响灰褐链霉菌Ｓ1 0 0 1产碱性几丁质酶量的因素。通过摇瓶发酵 ,用测菌丝干重法 ,得出了产碱性几丁质酶的灰褐链霉菌Ｓ1 0 0 1的营养生长曲线 ,确定了其对数生长期为培养开始后 2 4～ 34ｈ ;对其营养生长条件进行了优化 ,最佳营养生长条件为 :①培养基 (ｇ/Ｌ) :淀粉 2 0 ,ＫＮＯ31 .0 ,Ｋ2 ＨＰＯ41 .0 ,ＮａＣ1 0 .5 ,ＦｅＳＯ4·7Ｈ2 Ｏ 0 .1 ,ＭｇＳＯ4· 7Ｈ2 Ｏ 0 .5 ,,Ｎａ2 ＣＯ36 .0 (单独灭菌 ) ;②培养温度 …     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Principles of organization and evolution of systems of regulation of functions

Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms. The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning of physiological systems and organs of the living organism