Familial translocation t(10;21)(q22;q22)

Summary A family is described with a translocation t(10;21)(q22;q22) transmitted through three generations. This family was studied for the apparition of several miscarriages and two sisters with multiple malformations. Both children had a probably partial trisomy of chromosome 10 and a monosomy of chromosome 21 due to a maternal adjacent-2 meiotic segregation.     

Homologous Robertsonian translocation (21q21q) and abortions

Summary Instances of balanced Robertsonian translocations between the homologues of chromosome 21 were observed in two couples with a history of repeated abortions. The male partner of one couple and the female partner of another couple exhibited this anomaly. The translocation (21q21q) was found to be transmitted to their live children with Down's syndrome.     

Familial translocation 3/22 MAT with partial trisomy 3q (author's transl)

Two mentally retarded brothers with partial trisomy 3q show clinically similar malformations and deformities : dwarfism, bushy eyebrows, eversion of the nostrils, low inserted ears, high palate, microgeny, low hair insertion, short and broad hands with proximally inserted thumbs, clinodactylia of the 5th finger, syndactylies, mostly arch patterns on the digital pulps, muscular hypotonia, joint relaxation and cryptorchism. Both children had fits of convulsions. The younger boy showed, moreover, a perception deafness. The mother, the maternal grand-mother as well as the phenotypically normal sister of the patients revealed a balanced translocation 3/22 with a karyotype : 46,XX,t(3;22) (q25;p11).     

Familial (11;21)(p13;q22)pat balanced reciprocal translocation in a female child with regression of milestones

The role of balanced translocations in the human morphogenesis is difficult to interpret. A balanced reciprocal translocation (BRT) was observed in a female child referred with a history of regression of milestones. The cytogenetic findings by GTG-banding and fluorescence in situ hybridization revealed a BRT involving chromosomes 11p and 21q, i.e. 46,XX, t(11;21)(p13;q22). The father was found to be a carrier of the same BRT. This is the first report of reciprocal translocation involving 11p and 21q. The possible reasons for the manifestation of clinical features in the proband due to inherited BRT are discussed.     

Familial transmission of a 3q;22p translocation, with partial trisomy of chromosome 3 in the propositus

A family, carrying a balanced 3q;22p translocation, was detected through a propositus who showed multiple congenital malformations. As there are no previous references of similar cases where identification techniques were performed, the authors present this material for consideration in the delineation of clinical syndromes associated with specific chromosomal anomalies.     

De novo 10q(q21q22) interstitial deletion

Summary We report a girl with a de novo interstitial deletion in the long arm of a chromosome 10. Clinical features are described.     

Familial translocation t(1p-;21q+) associated with Down's syndrome

Summary Familial occurrence of 1/21 translocation in connection with trisomy 21 was described. The possibilities of inheritance of further chromosome rearrangements arising during the gametogenesis of persons with this translocation were considered.     

Familial deletion of 22q11.2.

We present a mother and her son, both carrying a deletion of chromosome 22q.11.2. They manifest clinical heterogeneity. The mother has schizophrenia, an IQ of 70. Tetralogy of Fallot, a hypernasal voice, but does not have the characteristic facies. Her son has mild psychomotor developmental delay. Tetralogy of Fallot and mild facial features characteristic of VCFS.     

Interstitial deletion of 16(q13q22) in a newborn resulting from a paternal insertional translocation.

A dysmorphic newborn showed an interstitial deletion of the long arm of a chromosome 16 due to a balanced paternal insertional translocation 46,XY,ins(14;16)(q23;q13q22). The insertion was confirmed by chromosomal in situ suppression (CISS-) hybridization. Clinical features considered to be typical for a 16q- phenotype are demonstrated in this patient. Similar observations described in the literature are compared and discussed with reference to the phenocritical region.     

A case of Alagille's syndrome with translocation (4;14) (q21;q21)

This paper reports a case of Alagille's syndrome, in association with a translocation 46,XY,t(4;14)(q21;21). The possible relationship between this autosomal dominant syndrome and the apparently balanced chromosomal rearrangement is discussed.     

The fragile site on chromosome 16 (q21q22)

Summary The significance of the fragile site on 16 (q21q22) has not yet been fully evaluated. New data will contribute to the understanding of this cytogenetic finding. Therefore we report on four families where a chromosome 16 with fragile site was segregating and such problems as infertility, abortions, malformations, and ancuploidy were present. The hypothesis that this fragile site is a site of viral modification (or integration?) is considered.     

Familial aniridia and translocation t(4;11)(q22;p13) without Wilms' tumor

A family with dominantly inherited aniridia in three generations is presented. All three patients had an apparently balanced chromosome translocation t(4;11)(q22;p13). The patients were otherwise clinically normal and without signs of Wilms' tumor; their erythrocyte catalase activities were within the normal range. We suggest that in this family aniridia is caused either by a submicroscopic deletion at the translocation breakpoint 11p13 or by a position effect on the same chromosome segment. Furthermore, the loci for aniridia and Wilms' tumor susceptibility are separate. It follows that the WAGR complex is caused by a mutation of more than one gene located at 11p13. The theoretical implications of a presumably defective allele causing a mendelian dominant phenotype are discussed.