L-组氨酸产生菌的选育及发酵条件的优化

以谷氨酸棒杆菌（Corynebacterium glutamicum）CLW0506（TRA^RDCP^R AMT^R histidine^- shikimic acid^-）为出发菌株,利用亚硝基胍（NTG）诱变选育得到缺失腺嘌呤脱氨酶、肌苷酸合成酶、肌苷酸脱氢酶活性的突变株CLW0125,使磷酸核糖焦磷酸（PRPP）到组氨酸的转化率大幅度提高。该菌株在以葡萄糖为碳源、硫酸铵为氮源的培养基中直接发酵72h,积累L-组氨酸可达9．2g/L。与亲株相比,L-组氨酸的产量提高了73．3％。研究了各单因素对发酵的影响。最后用响应面分析法得出最佳培养基配方。     

紫外线与亚硝酸钠复合诱变选育L-组氨酸产生菌

以1株谷氨酸棒杆菌(Corynebacterium glutamicum)S_6作为出发菌株,利用亚硝酸钠(NaNO_2)、紫外线(UV)进行诱变,通过实验证明亚硝酸钠诱变时间在180 s后致死率达到80%,紫外线在照射30 s后致死率达到80%。诱变后的突变菌株经6-巯基嘌呤结构类似物的抗性平板筛选,最终筛得3株菌,Y_1产L-组氨酸量达到331 mg/L,比出发菌株S_6高了5.08%,Z_2产L-组氨酸量达到325 mg/L,比出发菌株S_6高了1.9%,F_6产L-组氨酸量达到330 mg/L,比出发菌株S_6高了7.14%。结果显示,经紫外线与亚硝酸钠复合诱变后的菌株F_6产L-组氨酸的产量最高,比亚硝酸钠诱变后的菌株产L-组氨酸量提高2.06%,比紫外线诱变后的菌株产L-组氨酸量提高5.24%。     

L-组氨酸高产菌株的选育及其发酵条件优化

目的:以谷氨酸棒杆菌TQ2223(Phe-/Tyr-/5-MTr/SGr/5-FTr/CINr)为出发菌株,定向选育具有5-甲基色氨酸抗性(5-MTr)、磺胺胍抗性(SGr)、5-氟色氨酸抗性(5-FTr)、8-氮鸟嘌呤抗性(8-AGr)、6-巯基嘌呤抗性(6-MPr)、2-噻唑丙氨酸抗性(2-TAr)等遗传标记的突变株;同时对突变株发酵培养基及条件进行研究,获得最优条件。方法:经硫酸二乙酯诱变处理,测定了诱变时间与致死率的关系,并对发酵培养基中不同氮源、生物素添加量进行了单因素实验,对接种量、发酵培养温度等发酵条件也进行了实验确定。结果:经诱变处理后,定向选育出的菌株TL1105(5-MTr/SGr/5-FTr/8-AGr/6-MPr/2-TAr)在未经优化的摇瓶发酵条件下,L-组氨酸的产量为12.02g/L;而优化培养条件后,L-组氨酸的产量达23～24g/L。结论:确定最佳诱变时间30min,此时致死率为80%。硫酸铵为发酵培养基中最适碳源,生物素添加量为50μg/L,采用5%接种量为宜,组氨酸发酵的最适温度为30℃。     

L-丝氨酸生产菌的选育及不同碳源对发酵的影响

以一株黄假单胞属(Pseudomonas flava)菌株A3为出发菌株,经过紫外(UV)诱变和硫酸二乙酯(DES)逐级诱变处理和选育,选育出一株能够以甲醇为唯一碳源的兼性甲基营养型菌JW-01(Mth~R、Gly~R)。在含甘氨酸30g/L、甲醇1%的发酵培养基中发酵3d后L-丝氨酸产量为6．2g/L,较出发菌株提高了67．6%。该菌具有较好的传代稳定性。     

黄色短杆菌产L-组氨酸菌株的诱变育种

以黄色短杆菌为出发菌,采用诱变育种的方法选育得到一株能高产L-组氨酸的突变菌株。在加有150g·L-1葡萄 糖;35g·L-1硫酸铵;10g·L-1蛋白胨的发酵培养基中培养72h,产L-组氨酸128.28mg·L-1。     

荧光假单胞菌CLW17菌株pqqE和GDH基因的功能

[背景]磷是植物生长所必需的大量元素,但绝大多数不能被植物吸收利用。然而溶磷微生物能够分泌有机酸来溶解土壤中难溶性磷,提高土壤中磷的利用率,促进植物生长,提高作物的产量和品质。[目的]探究高效解磷荧光假单胞菌CLW17菌株的pqqE和GDH基因的生理学功能。[方法]利用生物在线软件对2个基因编码蛋白进行生物信息学分析。利用同源重组技术分别获得pqqE和GDH基因缺失突变株(CLW17ΔpqqE,CLW17ΔGDH),并使用接合转移的方式获得回补菌株(ΔpqqE/pqqE,ΔGDH/GDH)。分别采用NBRIP培养基、钼锑抗比色法及高压液相色谱法(HPLC)对野生型、突变株及互补株的溶磷及产有机酸能力进行检测。[结果]pqqE和GDH基因编码氨基酸数目分别为390和803,均无信号肽。pqqE无跨膜结构域,而GDH预测有5个跨膜结构域。pqqE和GDH基因是CLW17菌株的溶磷相关基因,2个基因的缺失均使该菌株的溶磷能力显著下降,而回补株可以恢复溶磷能力。CLW17野生株能分泌多种有机酸,其中葡萄糖酸(gluconic acid,GA)含量最多,其次是乙酸;但敲除株产有机酸的能力明显降低...     

L-精氨酸产生菌诱变育种的研究

以谷氨酸棒杆菌(Corynebacterium glutam icum)ATCC138761为诱变出发菌株,经紫外线(UV)和亚硝基胍(NTG)逐级诱变处理和选育,获得一株能够积累L-精氨酸的菌株UN100-12(SGr,AEr)。在以葡萄糖为碳源、以硫酸铵为氮源的培养基中直接发酵4d,产酸可达16.6 g/L,并具有较好的遗传稳定性。     

L-丝氨酸生产菌的选育及不同碳源对发酵的影响

以一株黄假单胞属(Pseudomonas flava)菌株A3为出发菌株,经过紫外(UV)诱变和硫酸二乙酯(DES)逐级诱变处理和选育,选育出一株能够以甲醇为唯一碳源的兼性甲基营养型菌JW-01(Mth^R、Gly^R)。在含甘氨酸30g/L、甲醇1%的发酵培养基中发酵3d后L-丝氨酸产量为6．2g/L,较出发菌株提高了67．6%。该菌具有较好的传代稳定性。     

L-异亮氨酸高产菌选育及其培养基优化

旨在诱变选育L-异亮氨酸高产菌,并探索突变株最佳发酵条件。利用传统化学诱变结合常压室温等离子体生物诱变体系对实验室保藏的Brevibacterium flavum I-12进行逐级诱变,选育2-噻唑丙氨酸(2-TA)和磺胺胍(SG)高抗性和在琥珀酸平板上能快速生长的突变菌株。随后,在单因素实验的基础上,利用响应面设计优化出目的突变株摇瓶发酵培养基组分的最佳参数水平。结果显示,经过一系列诱变和筛选,成功选育出一株在40 g/L的2-TA和5 g/L的SG,且以琥珀酸为唯一碳源的培养基上快速生长突变株,命名为B. flavum TA-6,该菌株产酸达26.2±0.5 g/L,比出发菌株提高了44.75%,而副产物L-缬氨酸和L-亮氨酸积累量明显降低。经响应面法优化发酵条件后,突变株产酸可达27.8±0.5 g/L,比优化前提高了6.1%。通过传统化学诱变结合ARTP生物诱变体系,成功选育出一株杂酸降低的L-异亮氨酸高产菌TA-6,该菌株具有潜在生产应用价值。     

大肠杆菌ptsHI-crr基因的敲除及其对苯丙氨酸生产的影响

L-苯丙氨酸(L-phenylalanine)是重要的食品和医药中间体。利用大肠杆菌发酵葡萄糖生产苯丙氨酸时,对葡萄糖转运起重要作用的磷酸烯醇丙酮酸糖磷酸转移酶系统(PTS)对苯丙氨酸产量有很大影响。由ptsHI-crr操纵子编码的磷酸组氨酸载体蛋白(HPr),酶I(EI)和酶IIAGlc是PTS的必要组分,通过敲除ptsHI-crr得到PTS缺陷菌株,可以使葡萄糖代谢更多地流向苯丙氨酸生物合成。采用Red同源重组技术将大肠杆菌染色体上的ptsHI-crr基因替换为四环素抗性基因,得到PTS缺陷菌株。该菌株在以葡萄糖为惟一碳源的培养基中摇瓶培养,菌密度为对照菌株的2.7倍,苯丙氨酸产量为对照菌株的6.3倍。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.