粟PsbA基因5’未端非编码区的结构特征

本文对粟（Ｓｅｔｃｒｉａｉｔａｉｌｉｃａ，俗称：谷子）叶绿体基因ｐｓｂＡ上２２ｋｂ的ＥｃｉＲＩ片段进行了克隆。该基因５’－未端非编码区就位于这个片段上。序列分析显示这个编码区存在着与原核生物基因类似的启动子结构：其“－１０”区序列为ＴＡＴＡＣＴ，与原核生物的仅相差一个核苷酸；“－３５”区序列为ＴＴＧＡＣＡ，与原核生物的完全相同。另一方面，在“－１０”和“－３５”区之间还存在着一个类似真核生物核基因启动子结构的“ＴＡＴＡＴＡ”保守序列。这表明粟ｐｓｂＡ基因的启动子既具有原核基因的特征、又具有真核基因的特征。粟ｐｓｂＡ基因的ｍＲＮＡ前导序多列长８７ｂｐ，与高粱的完全一致。可以推测：禾本科Ｃ３和Ｃ４植物中，ｐｓｂＡ基因ｍＲＮＡ前导序列区的差异可能具有某种普遍性。计算机分析结果显示，６种植物的ｐｓｂＡ基因ｍＲＮＡ前导序列区内均能形成小的茎环结构，而且这段“ＣＴＡＴＴＴＴ”额外序列恰好位于茎环结构中，造成了６种植物间茎环大小的差异。可能，这个小的二级结构对ｐｓｂＡ基因的表达调控有一定的影响。     

人vigilin基因5'端调控区域的研究

在克隆了人基因组全长ｖｉｇｉｌｉｎ基因的基础上,对其５端转录调控区域再克隆,获得Ｖｉｇ－ＣＧ５－７Ｅ克隆,再用限制酶ＡｐａⅠ和ＥｃｏＲⅠ切除３端约４ｋｂ部分,得到Ｖｉｇ－ＣＧ５－７Ｅ３ＡＥ克隆,并对该克隆进行双向测序分析．结果表明：克隆Ｖｉｇ－ＣＧ５－７Ｅ用ＡｐａⅠ酶消化后,用ｃＤＮＡ上游开始的２０个碱基组成的寡聚核苷酸做探针进行分子杂交,可见一条小于０．１ｋｂ杂交带,根据物理图谱分析,位于Ｖｉｇ－ＣＧ５－７Ｅ３ＡＥ克隆的ＡｐａⅠ端,从而推断该克隆含有转录调控元件,５端序列分析得到二个ＴＡＴＡ盒,一个ＣＡＡＴ盒和一个ＧＣ盒以及二个可能的Ａｐ－１和Ａｐ－２结合位点．认为ＧＣ盒可能为人ｖｉｇｉｌｉｎ基因启动子的组成部分     

人端粒酶RNA基因的克隆与鉴定

以人血基因组ＤＮＡ为模板,合成两段２０个寡聚核苷酸为引物,经过ＰＣＲ扩增,得到４８０ｂｐ的片段,克隆到ｐＭＤ１８－Ｔ载体中,经电泳、酶切、ＰＣＲ鉴定后测定序列。序列分析表明氙克隆的人端粒酶ＲＮＡ（ｈｕｍａｎ ｔｅｌｏｍｅａｓｅ ＲＮＡ,ｈＴＲ）基因含有４８０ｂｐ,包括约４５０ｂｐ的编码模板区主序列和约３０ｂｐ的上游调控区序列,其中模板区的１１个核苷酸（５’－ＣＵＡＡＣＣＣＵＡＡＣ－３’）合成端粒亚     

水稻线粒体DNA雄性不育有关特异片段的克隆及序列分析

应用任意单引物聚合酶链反应技术,从水稻ＷＡ 型雄性不育系的线粒体ＤＮＡ 中得到一个特异的扩增片段Ｒ２－６３０ ＷＡ。以该片段为探针进行Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ 杂交分析检测到在雄性不育胞质与正常可育胞质间存在的线粒体ＤＮＡ 多态性。不育系珍汕９７Ａ 和其Ｆ１ 杂种的杂交图谱相同。而保持系珍汕９７Ｂ和恢复系明恢６３ 的杂交图谱一样。序列测定该片段全长６２９ ｂｐ,其碱基组成Ａ＋ Ｔ＝ ５４．１％ ,同源性比较结果显示, 该片段与１２３６ 个已报道的植物基因（包括１６ 个水稻线粒体基因）序列的同源性均小于５０％ 。序列内含有一个长度为１０ ｂｐ 的反向重复序列５－ＡＣＣＡＴＡＴＧＧＴ－３,位于２６２—２７２ 区段。另外,其３７９—４３９ 区段可编码一个含２０个氨基酸残基的短肽。上述结果表明,Ｒ２－６３０ ＷＡ 片段确与水稻野败型雄性不育密切相关。推测反向重复序列５－ＡＣＣＡＴＡＴＧＧＴ－３在细胞质雄性不育性状形成中,可能起着重要作用     

黄鳝基因组中存在酪氨酸蛋白激酶受体基因同源序列

近年的研究表明。酪氨酸蛋白激酶受体通过其细胞膜外部的结构域与细胞外的信号分子配体结合后,激活本身位于细胞质内的激酶结构域。磷酸化的酪氨酸进而激活下游一系列信号分子。这些分子的激活引起细胞内基因表达的改变、最终导致细胞本身表型状态的变化。本文发现并研究了存在于鱼类中的酪氨酸蛋白激酶受体基因的同源序列ｍａｔｋ。实验用黄鳝和胡子鲇为集市采购。ＰＣＲ扩增采用人ＳＲＹ基因编码区的一对引物。分别为：５’ＣＣＣＧＡＡＴＴＣＧＡＣＡＡＴＧＣＡＡＴＣＡＴＡＴＧＣＴＴＣＴＧＣ３’和５’ＣＴＧＴＡＧＣＧＧＴＣＣＣＧＴＴＧＣＴＧＣＧＧＴＧ３’。分别制备雌雄性黄鳝基因组ＤＮＡ。进行ＰＣＲ扩增。２％琼脂糖凝胶电泳分析表明,雌雄性样品中均可见到约２５０ｂｐ的扩增带。将雄性的扩增产物ｍａｔｋ重组到ｐＵＣ１３载体上。对其进行测序。结果表明：ｍａｔｋ与人ＳＲＹ和ＳＲＹ盒基因序列无同源性,而与最近才报道的大鼠酪氨酸蛋白激酶受体基因ｐｔｋ３ｃＤＮＡ５’端序列具有５６％的序列一致性（图１）。有报导,人与鼠的酪氨酸蛋白激酶受体基因ＤＤＲ和ｐｔｋ３存在９６％的同源性。表明这种酪氨酸蛋白受体基因具有很强的保守性。以ｍａｔｋ为探针,对经过ＥｃｏＲＩ酶切过的     

葡萄叶绿体rbcL基因的结构分析

以玫瑰香葡萄（Ｖｉｔｉｓｖｉｎｉｆｅｒａ Ｌ．）为材料,克隆了含有叶绿体ｒｂｃ Ｌ基因的３．１ ｋｂ Ｂａｍ ＨⅠ片段,构建了该基因的限制性酶切图谱,测定了该基因的核苷酸序列。所测的核苷酸序列总长度为２００４ ｂｐ,其中基因的编码区为１４２８ ｂｐ,编码一个含４７５ 个氨基酸的蛋白质,其分子量约为５３ ｋＤ;测定基因的５上游含启动子的部分共３５８ ｂｐ,包括－ １０ 区（ＴＡＡＡＡＴ）、－ ３５区（ＴＴＧＣＧＣ）和ＳＤ 序列（ＧＧＡＧＧ）;基因的３下游区共２１８ ｂｐ,含有３ 个转录茎环终止结构。玫瑰香葡萄ｒｂｃ Ｌ基因编码区的核苷酸序列与烟草、矮牵牛、菠菜、苜蓿、水稻和玉米之间的同源性分别为９１．５％ 、９１．４％ 、９０．２％ 、８９．８％ 、８６．３％ 和８４．５％ ;推导出的氨基酸序列的同源性分别为９２．２％ 、９１．６％ 、９２．２％ 、９３．７％ 、９３．５％ 和９０．１％ 。     

苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bt)晶体毒蛋白基因在烟草叶绿体中的表达

将全长３．５ｋｂ的Ｂｔ基因３’端缺失,得到长为２．１ｋｂ、１．８ｋｂ的基因。分别将这３个长度（１．８ｋｂ、２．１ｋｂ、３．５ｋｂ）的基因置于水稻叶绿体ｐｓｂＡ基因的启动子和终止子调控之下,并与选择标记基因ａａｄＡ（编码氨基糖苷－３’－腺苷酸转移酶,具壮观霉素抗性）表达盒相连;以烟草叶绿体基因ｔｒｎＨ－ｐｓｂＡ－ｔｒｎＫ为同源片段,构建成叶绿体转化载体ｐＢＴ３、ｐＢＴ８和ｐＢＴ２２。用基因枪把Ｂｔ基     

水稻黄矮病毒基因2的核苷酸序列

从水稻黄矮病毒基因组的ｃＤＮＡ文库中,获得了包含邻接核衣壳蛋白基因的基因２的克隆,并测定了其核苷酸序列。ＲＹＳＶ基因２的５‘端起始序列推测为５’ＡＡＣＡＣ－３‘,该起始序列与ＲＹＳＶ其他基因及其他弹状病毒基因的５’端起始序列高度同源。     

从带烟草花叶病毒外壳蛋白亚基因组启动子的负链RNA产生正链RNA

克隆了能在植物中表达白喉毒素Ａ链基因（ＤＴＡ）负链ＲＮＡ的基因ＴＣＤＴＡＮ,这个基因的读码框５′端上游带有ＴＭＶ外壳蛋白基因５′端上游６３１个碱基,它的ＤＮＡ和ＴＭＶ－ＲＮＡ共转化烟草原生质体后,能抑制同时导入原生持体的堪因的表达,ＣＡＴ基因表达的抑制,是ＴＣＤＴＡＮ基因产生白喉毒素Ａ链蛋白的结果,ＴＣＤＴＮＡ基因上ＴＭＶ外壳蛋白基因５′端上游片段,是产生白喉毒素Ａ链ｍＲＮＡ的必要条件,只有用多量     

BALB／c等小鼠线粒体DNAD环区PCR—SSCP分析

用ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＣＰ方法分析ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ等７个近交系小鼠线粒体ＤＮＡ（ｍｔＤＮＡ）的多态性,探讨其遗传起源及亲缘关系,结果发现,这些小鼠ｍｔＤＮＡ的高变异性区,Ｄ－ｌｏｏｐ ５’及３’端的ＳＳＣＰ电泳带型完全相同,未发现多态性。表明ＴＡ２、６１５、Ｔ７３９、ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ、Ｃ３Ｈ、Ｃ５７ＢＬ／６Ｊ、ＤＢＡ／２等近交系小鼠的ｍｔＤＮＡ具有高度的同源性。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.