尼古丁对牙周炎大鼠牙周膜成纤维细胞的毒性作用

目的:观察尼古丁对牙周炎大鼠牙周膜成纤维细胞(PDLFs)增殖的抑制作用及对细胞周期分布的影响,探讨尼古丁的细胞毒性作用,为口腔疾病的预防及治疗提供基础。方法:选取30只SD大鼠,采用丝线结扎联合口内接种细菌的方法建立牙周炎大鼠模型。将不同浓度的尼古丁分别作用于大鼠的牙周膜成纤维细胞(PDLFs)中,观察大鼠牙周组织的变化情况,MTT法测定细胞增殖活性,分析不同浓度尼古丁对PDLFs增殖的抑制作用。结果:实验组大鼠牙周组织胶原纤维束排列紊乱,有炎症细胞浸润;对照组大鼠牙龈未见红肿或出血。尼古丁可抑制PDLFs增殖,并且呈浓度依赖性,随着浓度的增加,对PDLFs增殖的抑制作用增强,差异具统计学意义(P0.05)。与对照组相比,不同浓度尼古丁作用下牙周炎大鼠牙周膜成纤维细胞周期的分布率明显不同(P0.05)。结论:尼古丁对牙周膜成纤维细胞增殖具有明显的抑制作用,尼古丁的浓度影响牙周组织的修复重构能力。     

永生化转基因成纤维细胞治疗帕金森病

将SV40大T抗原的基因（LTAg）转染大鼠原代成纤维细胞并筛选到永生化成纤维细胞（RFLT）,将此细胞皮下植入裸鼠和大鼠脑内均无致瘤性,植入脑内时LTAg基因即停止表达,3个月后取出细胞培养时LTAg基因又会重新表达,将RFLT细胞分别转入酪氨酸羟化酶（TH）、GTP环水解酶－1（GCH）的基因,筛选出稳定表达姝。混合培养的这两种细胞经HPLC－ECD法测出多巴胺（DA）,将它们移植入帕金森病（PD）大鼠模型可明显改善动物的旋转行为（近4个月）,在脑切片中观察到TH和增强型绿色荧光蛋白（EGFP）基因的表达产物,本细胞株的建立为人类PD的基因治疗提供了一种获得新的适用的效应细胞的方法。     

Effects of Macrolide Antibiotics on Rat Embryonic Heart Function In Vitro

The Swedish Medical Product Agency (MPA) has listed erythromycin as a suggested human teratogen, causing cardiovascular malformations. It is further suggested that this may be a class effect of macrolide antibiotics. The proposed teratogenic mechanism is blockade of the human ether‐á‐go‐go‐related (hERG)/I_Kr current in the embryonic heart causing bradycardia and arrhythmia resulting in altered cardiac blood flow and/or embryonic hypoxia. To test this hypothesis, we examined the effect of three macrolide antibiotics on the function of the rat embryonic heart. Gestational day 13 rat embryos in vitro were exposed to erythromycin (25–500 μM), clarithromycin (25–500 μM), or azithromycin (100 μM to 1 mM) for 3 hr. The effect on the embryonic heart was monitored every hour. The results showed that erythromycin and clarithromycin caused a concentration‐dependent bradycardia. Twenty‐five micromolar was a no‐effect concentration for erythromycin and was close to a no‐effect concentration for clarithromycin. Azithromycin only caused significant bradycardia at 1 mM. Additional studies were performed with the embryos cultured at 40°C instead of 38°C, to mimic fever. The increased temperature increased the number of arrhythmias but did not worsen the drug‐induced bradycardia. The results support the concept that erythromycin and clarithromycin can adversely affect the embryonic heart but only at concentrations well outside expected embryonic exposure in the human     

Effects of Cigarette Smoke Extracts on the Growth and Senescence of Skin Fibroblasts In Vitro

Epidemiological studies have shown that cigarette smoke (CS), a very common environmental factor, plays an important role in skin aging. Although some in vivo studies have suggested that CS affects skin aging, the detailed effects of CS on skin cells in vitro remain largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) on the growth, proliferation, and senescene of skin fibroblasts and the possible mechanism underlying these effects. Primary cultured human fibroblasts were exposed to a range of concentrations of CSE. Cell viability and cell proliferation after CSE exposure were analyzed with the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay and bromodeoxyuridine incorporation assay, respectively. Growth curves of fibroblasts exposed to different concentrations of CSE were developed and prolonged CSE-exposed cells were observed. Morphological and ultrastructural changes in fibroblasts were assessed by inverted light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Dying cells were stained with senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA β-gal). Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity were determined by a colorimetric method. We found that proliferative capacity and growth were inhibited by CSE exposure in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Fibroblasts exposed to even low concentrations of CSE for a long period of time (5 passages) showed significantly increased SA β-gal activity and typical features of aging cells. Meanwhile, CSE inhibited superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities and augmented ROS levels. Our observations suggest that CSE exposure impairs fibroblast growth and proliferation and leads to features similar to those seen in senescent cells. Oxidative stress injury and inhibition of antioxidant defense activity may be involved in CSE-induced fibroblast senescence.     

微波联合抗生素治疗盆腔炎疗效观察

目的观察微波联合抗生素治疗盆腔炎的临床疗效。方法采用抗生素加微波治疗,对照组采用抗生素进行治疗,比较两组临床疗效。结果观察组30例治愈27例,好转2例。治愈率90．0％．总有效率96．67％。对照组30患者治愈24例,好转3倒,治愈率80．0％。总有效率90．0％。两组差异有统计学意义。结论微波联合抗生素治疗盆腔炎性的治疗效果肯定,值得基层医疗机构推广应用。     

In vitro cytotoxicity testing with fluorescence-based assays in cultured human lung and dermal cells

An in vitro study using human cultured cells was conducted to determine the reliability of fluorescence-based cell viability indicators with traditional in vitro cytotoxicity testing methods. Human lung epithelial carcinoma (A549) cells, and human embryonic skin (WS1) and lung (HFLI) fibroblasts were studied in culture to evaluate their potential to screen for cytotoxicity and to compare to previous protocols conducted in our laboratory. Confluent monolayers were incubated in the absence or presence of increasing concentrations of test chemicals for 24 h, and fluorescent-labeled probes were used to assess toxicity. Eight chemicals, including mercuric chloride, copper sulfate, sodium fluoride, thioridazine HCl, paraquat, amitriptyline-HCl, verapamil-HCl and chloroquine sulfate, were tested with each cell line using calcein-AM and Sytox. The data suggest that fluorescent probes are sensitive indicators of cytotoxicity and contribute to understanding the mechanisms for each chemical. In combination with previously published reports, the similarity of results among cell lines may be explained by the origin of the cell lines rather than by the diversity of the methods and indicators employed.     

两种水生植物对抗生素污染水体的修复作用

采用水培方法,通过检测水样中氨苄青霉素（Ampicillin）、盐酸四环素（Tetracycline）、盐酸土霉素（Oxytetracycline）和盐酸金霉素（Chlortetracycline）含量的动态变化,确定水生植物大漂（Pistia stratiotes）和凤眼莲（Eichhornia crassipes）对水体中抗生素的清除作用。结果显示：①在系列高浓度（10～50 μg/mL）抗生素的条件下,凤眼莲去除水中盐酸金霉素与盐酸土霉素的效果优于大漂;②对于采集的污水（抗生素浓度＜2.5 μg/mL）,培养72 h后,大漂和凤眼莲对盐酸四环素的去除率分别达80%和90%以上,对氨苄青霉素的去除率分别达80%和70%以上。大漂和凤眼莲对4种抗生素污染的水体均表现出不同程度的修复功能,特别是凤眼莲效果更佳,可作为去除水体抗生素污染的首选材料。     

In vitro toxicity towards kiwifruit pollen of the antimicrobial peptides magainins 1 and 2

In vitro toxicity of the antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) magainin 1 and 2 to a higher plant organism, i.e., the bicellular male gametophyte of Actinidia Deliciosa (kiwifruit), is investigated. Heavy damage to the plasma membrane, the primary cellular target of the peptides, was rapidly induced: in as few as 15 min, from 70 to nearly 100 % of pollen grains were rendered unviable by 20 microM magainin 1 or 2, respectively. Therefore, kiwifruit pollen sensitivity to natural magainins seemed to be higher if compared to the sensitivity of other pollen species towards magainin 2 amide or synthetic magainin analogues. Strong dose-dependent inhibitory effects on kiwifruit pollen performance were registered: as for magainin 1, the EC (50) at 120 min varied from 14.0 (germination) to 15.8 microM (tube elongation). The inhibitory effect was much greater when administering magainin 1 to elongating tubes rather than to ungerminated pollen grains. The two peptides differentially affected kiwifruit pollen, in line with the previously documented greater activity of magainin 2 in other cell systems. Furthermore, 20 microM magainin 1-treated pollen grains took on a shrivelled shape within 30 min of incubation, an increasingly widespread effect with higher peptide concentration. At the ultrastructural level, both protoplast shrinkage and striking organelle alterations were evident, including chromatin condensation, swelling and loss of mitochondrial cristae, dilation of rough endoplasmic reticulum cisternae, and vacuolization of cytoplasm. To our knowledge, similar alterations in animal or plant cells treated with AMPs have not been described yet.     

Effects of some antibiotics on the growth of human diploid skin fibroblasts in cell culture

Summary During serial subcultures 50 μg per ml gentamicin and penicillin (100 U per ml)-streptomycin (100 μg per ml) depressed cell growth significantly 2 weeks after the addition of the antibiotics; gentamicin, but not penicillin-streptomycin, stimulated cell growth before it became inhibitory. Removal of the antibiotics resulted in the cell yield returning to normal. The results show that these antibiotics can be harmful to cells even at concentrations thought to be safe.     

周期性张应力对牙周膜成纤维细胞凋亡的影响

目的:在体外条件下,探讨周期张应力作用对人牙周膜成纤维细胞凋亡的影响及PI3k/Akt信号通路在细胞凋亡中的作用。方法:应用多通道细胞牵张应力加载系统,以HPDLFs(人牙周膜成纤维细胞)为对象构建细胞体外培养-力学刺激模型,对照组为0h,0h+LY294002,加力组1 h,6 h,12 h,12 h+LY294002,24 h,力值定为15%,频率为1/6HZ,即10循环/分钟。采用Hoechst33258染色检测细胞形态和凋亡情况,应用RT-PCR技术检测Bcl-2、Bax的表达情况。结果:Hoechst 33258细胞染色结果显示,对照组的细胞核为弥散均匀的圆形或椭圆形荧光,实验组的细胞核或细胞质内出现可见致密浓染的颗粒、新月体或环状荧,RT-PCR结果显示Bcl-2与Bax基因表达均呈现时间依赖性。12 h HPDLFs的细胞凋亡数达最高峰值(P<0.01),24 h细胞凋亡峰值开始下降,但仍高于未加力组(P<0.05)。与对照组相比加入LY294002后,Bcl-2/Bax比值较加载相同时间的加力组小(P<0.05)。结论:一定的时间范围内,周期性张应力能促进HPDLFs凋亡;随着时间的延长(24h),细胞凋亡受到抑制;PI3K/Akt信号传导通路可能参与在周期性张应力介导的HPDLFs的凋亡。     

培养基琼脂浓度及抗生素对3种海洋微藻生长的影响

目的:确定用于分离、纯化及保种所用的固体培养基中优化的琼脂浓度和利于微藻生长并抑菌的抗生素浓度。方法:设计固体培养基中的琼脂浓度以及培养液中抗生素的种类和浓度,定时测定培养体系中三种微藻的生物量及细菌菌落随培养时间的变化。结果:利于固体培养基上三种微藻生长的琼脂浓度均为0.6%~0.8%;牟氏角毛藻用200IU/ml的庆大霉素和200IU/ml的青霉素联合作用,球等鞭金藻8701和盐藻分别用300IU/ml和400IU/ml的青霉素时可保证微藻较好生长。结论:不同微藻生长所需的抗生素浓度不同,抗生素对微藻生长的影响不完全取决于抑菌作用,青霉素促进球等鞭金藻8701生长主要是产生促生长因子,庆大霉素抑制生长可能是产生抑制因子。     

Effects of cyclic mechanical stimulation of the cellular components of the heart: In vitro

Summary The response of the cellular components of the heart to cyclic mechanical stimulation is of particular importance because these cells are continually subjected to mechanical forces as a result of changes in blood volume and pressure. To directly investigate how mechanical tension affects these cellular components of the heart, an in vitro system that exposes the particular cell type (cardiac myocytes, endothelial cells, or fibroblasts) to a calibrated increase in cyclical linear stretch was developed. Cells were grown on silastic membranes coated with laminin and subjected to a 10% cyclical distention 10 times a minute for 72 h. Within 24 h of being exposed to the mechanical stretch, the cells became elongated and oriented perpendicular to the direction of the stretch. These results indicate that cyclical mechanical stimulation directly influences the cellular organization of the heart cells in vitro. This work was supported in part by grants HL 33656 and HL 24935 from the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.     

The Effects of Ascorbic Acid and Iron Co-Supplementation on the Proliferation of 3T3 Fibroblasts

Exposure of 3T3 fibroblasts to Fe reveals a concentration-dependent inhibition of cell proliferation compared to control cells, the apparent threshold for this iron-mediated effect being 5 μM Fe^II. The inhibition of cell proliferation was accompanied by an enhancement of total malondialdehyde (MDA) levels (as detected directly by hplc) in the cells at higher iron concentrations. The co-supplementation of Fe with varying concentrations of ascorbic acid over the range 5 μM to 240 μM had no significant effect on the threshold for iron toxicity or lipid peroxidation. These results show that there is neither a significant exacerbation of the pro-oxidant effect of Fe^II nor any protective effect of ascorbate when cultures of 3T3 mouse fibroblasts are exposed to co-supplementation regimes of iron with ascorbic acid.     

The effect of the desert cobra (Walterinnesia aegyptia) crude venom and its protein fractions on the metabolic activity of cultured human fibroblasts

Fibroblast cultures were used to study the effect of crude venom and six venom protein fractions (F₂–F₇) fromWalterinnesia aegyptia) on their metabolic activity. This was done by incubation of six fibroblast cultures with 10 g of crude venom for 3 h at 37°C. The activities of phosphofructokinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and citrate synthase were significantly lowered upon incubation with all fractions except F₂. Glycogen phosphorylase activity was significantly increased, leading to a significant concurrent drop of glycogen content. This effect was only seen for fractions F₃ and F₅. Creatine kinase activity and cellular ATP levels rose significantly upon incubation with all venom proteins except fractions F₂ and F₇. Increases were seen for aspartate and alanine amino-transferases by all venom proteins except fractions F₂ and F₄. Incubation of cell sonicates with all the venom proteins did not significantly alter activities of any of the parameters. Thus, fibroblasts in culture under such conditions appear to mobilize glycogen, phosphocreatine, and protein for ATP production to compensate for decreased glucose.Abbreviations ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - ATP adenosine 5-triphosphate - CS citrate synthhase - GP glycogen phosphorylase - LDH lactate dehydrogenase - PFK phosphofructokinase     

The Use of Primary Human Fibroblasts for Monitoring Mitochondrial Phenotypes in the Field of Parkinson's Disease

Parkinson''s disease (PD) is the second most common movement disorder and affects 1% of people over the age of 60 ¹. Because ageing is the most important risk factor, cases of PD will increase during the next decades ². Next to pathological protein folding and impaired protein degradation pathways, alterations of mitochondrial function and morphology were pointed out as further hallmark of neurodegeneration in PD ^3-11.After years of research in murine and human cancer cells as in vitro models to dissect molecular pathways of Parkinsonism, the use of human fibroblasts from patients and appropriate controls as ex vivo models has become a valuable research tool, if potential caveats are considered. Other than immortalized, rather artificial cell models, primary fibroblasts from patients carrying disease-associated mutations apparently reflect important pathological features of the human disease.Here we delineate the procedure of taking skin biopsies, culturing human fibroblasts and using detailed protocols for essential microscopic techniques to define mitochondrial phenotypes. These were used to investigate different features associated with PD that are relevant to mitochondrial function and dynamics. Ex vivo, mitochondria can be analyzed in terms of their function, morphology, colocalization with lysosomes (the organelles degrading dysfunctional mitochondria) and degradation via the lysosomal pathway. These phenotypes are highly relevant for the identification of early signs of PD and may precede clinical motor symptoms in human disease-gene carriers. Hence, the assays presented here can be utilized as valuable tools to identify pathological features of neurodegeneration and help to define new therapeutic strategies in PD.     

羟基喜树碱抑制人眼Tenon囊成纤维细胞增殖的实验研究

目的:研究羟基喜树碱(HCPT)对体外培养的人眼Tenon囊成纤维细胞(Human Tenon’s capsule fibroblasts,HTFs)增殖、移行的影响。方法:取正常供体新鲜的Tenon囊组织,采用组织块培养法,进行成纤维细胞的体外培养,并用光镜、免疫荧光法观察鉴定;MTT法、划痕法检测不同浓度的HCPT(0、0.031、0.062、0.125、0.25、0.5、1、2、4mg/l)对HTFs增殖、移行的影响,并与MMC对比。结果:HTFs体外生长良好,经光镜和免疫荧光法观察鉴定为成纤维细胞;与空白对照组比较,HCPT(0.031-4mg/l)、MMC(0.0031-0.4mg/l)均能有效抑制HTFs的增殖,且呈一定的剂量、时间依赖性,HCPT作用24h、48h、72h的IC50分别为2.24mg/l、0.76mg/l、0.39mg/l,MMC作用24h、48h、72h的IC50分别为0.34mg/l、0.24mg/l、0.07mg/l;与空白对照组比较,HCPT(0.031-4mg/1)、MMC(0.0031-0.4mg/l)均能抑制HTFs迁移,呈剂量依赖性,而与时间无显著相关。结论:HCPT、MMC均能有效抑制HTFs的增殖和移行,其效应MMC约为HCPT的10倍。     

Quantitative evaluation of the effects of human carcinogens and related chemicals on human foreskin fibroblasts

Ten compounds representative of diverse classes of chemicals were evaluated for their cytotoxicity and transforming ability to human skin fibroblasts in vitro. Only five of the ten compounds were highly cytotoxic in the 0-100 µg/ml range and their order of cytotoxicity was: 2,5-bis(1-aziridinyl)-3,6-bis(carboethoxyamino)-1,4-benzoquinone (AZQ) > cis platin > bis(chloromethyl)ether (BCME) > acrylonitrile > afatoxin BI (AFBI). The other five compounds, afatoxin B2 (AFB2), methylmethacrylate, 1-naphthylamine (1-NA), 2-naphthylamine (2-NA), and cyclophosphamide, exhibited less than 40% inhibition of colony formation even at 100 µg/ml of the compound (the maximum concentration of AFB2 used was 50 µg/ml due to its low solubility). Anchorage-independent growth of exposed cells in soft agar was used as a biological endpoint for the expression of chemical transformation. AFB₁ had strong transforming ability, whereas AFB₂ was a weak transforming agent. The transforming abilities of acrylonitrile, AZQ, BCME, cis-platin, methylmethacrylate and 2-NA ranged between those of AFBI and AFB2. 1-NA also induced the soft agar growth property in the treated cells even though this compound has not been shown to be carcinogenic. AFB₁, AZQ, cisplatin, cyclophosphamide and 1-NA exhibited a dose dependent increase in soft agar growth frequency for at least three consecutive concentrations. The data suggest that anchorage-independent colony forming ability of exposed cells is a reliable marker to measure the carcinogenic potential of various hazardous chemicals.Abbreviations AZQ 2,5-bis(1-aziridinyl)-3,6-bis(carboethoxyamino)-1,4-benzoquinone - AFB aflatoxin B₁ - AFB2 aflatoxin 132 - AI anchorage independent - B[a]P benzo[a]pyrene - BCME bis(chloromethyl)ether; cis-platin, cis-diammine-dichloroplatinum - CM complete medium - E.D.50 effective dose which produced 50% cytotoxicity - CP cyclophosphamide - HNF human neonatal foreskin - HPLC high pressure liquid chromatography - 1-NA 1-naphthylamine - 2-NA 2-naphthylamine - PDL population doubling     

具有不连续抗生素输入和时滞效应的两菌群模型的动力学性质研究

研究了不连续的抗生素输入以及时滞效应对栖生的两菌群的影响,获得了菌群灭绝和持续生存的条件.结果表明抗生素的不连续输入对系统的动力学行为带来很大影响,而抗生素的时滞作用是无害的.