Comparative proteomics analyses of intraspecific differences in the response of Stipa purpurea to drought

Stipa purpurea is widely distributed along a large precipitation gradient on the Tibetan Plateau.This implies that S.purpurea from different populations may have different responses to drought stress.To explore this we compared the morphological and physiological changes of S.purpurea seedlings cultivated from seeds from Gar County and Nagqu County after 7 and 14 days of drought stress and subsequent rewatering.The results showed that S.purpurea plants from the more arid Gar area were more tolerant to drought stress than that from Nagqu.To investigate the potential mechanisms underlying this difference,we used i TRAQ quantitative proteomics technology to analyze protein dynamics in S.purpurea samples treated with 7 days of drought stress and subsequent re-watering.The results indicated that,during the process of drought and re-watering treatments,there were differentially expressed proteins in either or both S.purpurea populations.These differential proteins were divided into 24 functional categories that were mainly associated with stress response,the antioxidant system,photosynthesis,carbohydrate metabolism,and post-translational modifications.According to these results,we concluded that the molecular basis of stronger drought resistance likely lies in the specific up-regulation or higher expression of many proteins involved in stress response,the antioxidant system,post-translational modification and osmotic regulation in S.purpurea from Gar County compared with that from Nagqu.This study improves our understanding of the intraspecific differences in drought resistance within S.purpurea populations,which helps to understand the distribution of S.purpurea along the moisture gradient,as well as the effect of climate change on this species.     

温度对高山植物紫花针茅种子萌发特性的影响

温度是影响种子萌发的重要因子,在气候变暖和草地退化的背景下,认识温度变化对紫花针茅（Stipa purpurea） 种子萌发的影响有重要意义。作者系统研究了6个恒温条件（5、10、15、20、25、30℃）和3个变温条件（5/15、10/20、15/25℃）对不同居群紫花针茅种子萌发特性的影响。结果表明,紫花针茅种子适宜的萌发温度范围为15~25℃,低于10℃或高于30℃的温度都会抑制种子的萌发;与对应的恒温条件相比,变温条件不能起到促进紫花针茅种子萌发的作用;不同居群紫花针茅种子萌发对温度的响应既有相同点,也有不同点;海拔高度与种子萌发率存在极显著负相关关系,种子萌发季土壤温度与种子萌发存在显著负相关关系。本研究将为合理的保护和恢复紫花针茅草地提供一定科学依据。     

Phenology and polyploidy in annual Brachypodium species (Poaceae) along the aridity gradient in Israel

Local adaptation of plants along environmental gradients provides strong evidence for clinal evolution mediated by natural selection. Plants have developed diverse strategies to mitigate stress, for example, drought escape is a phenological strategy to avoid drought stress, while polyploidy was proposed as a genomic adaptation to stress. Polyploidy as an adaptation to aridity (an environmental parameter integrating temperature and precipitation) was previously documented in annual Brachypodium spp. (Poaceae) in the Western Mediterranean. Here, we examined whether polyploidy or phenology are associated with aridity in annual Brachypodium spp. along the aridity gradient in the Eastern Mediterranean. Using flow cytometry, we determined ploidy levels of plants from natural populations along the Israeli gradient, spanning ∼424 km from mesic Mediterranean to extreme desert climates. In a common garden we recorded time of seedling emergence, flowering and senescence. We tested whether the proportion of allotetraploids in the populations and phenological traits were associated with aridity. Contrary to a previous study in the Western Mediterranean, we found no effect of aridity on the proportion of allotetraploids and diploids within populations. Interestingly, phenology was associated with aridity: time of emergence was later, while flowering and senescence were earlier in desert plants. Our results indicate that in the Eastern Mediterranean, adaptation of Brachypodium to aridity is mediated mainly by phenology, rather than ploidy level. Therefore, we suggest that genome duplication is not the main driver of adaptation to environmental stress; rather, phenological change as a drought escape mechanism may be the major adaptation.     

Aridity shapes cyanogenesis cline evolution in white clover (Trifolium repens L.)

Adaptive differentiation between populations is often proposed to be the product of multiple interacting selective pressures, although empirical support for this is scarce. In white clover, populations show adaptive differentiation in frequencies of cyanogenesis, the ability to produce hydrogen cyanide after tissue damage. This polymorphism arises through independently segregating polymorphisms for the presence/absence of two required cyanogenic components, cyanogenic glucosides and their hydrolysing enzyme. White clover populations worldwide have evolved a series of recurrent, climate‐associated clines, with higher frequencies of cyanogenic plants in warmer locations. These clines have traditionally been hypothesized to reflect a fitness trade‐off between chemical defence in herbivore‐rich areas (warmer climates) and energetic costs of producing cyanogenic components in areas of low herbivore pressure (cooler climates). Recent observational studies suggest that cyanogenic components may also be beneficial in water‐stressed environments. We investigated fitness trade‐offs associated with temperature‐induced water stress in the cyanogenesis system using manipulative experiments in growth chambers and population surveys across a longitudinal precipitation gradient in the central United States. We find that plants producing cyanogenic glucosides have higher relative fitness in treatments simulating a moderate, persistent drought stress. In water‐neutral treatments, there are energetic costs to producing cyanogenic components, but only in treatments with nutrient stress. These fitness trade‐offs are consistent with cyanogenesis frequencies in natural populations, where we find clinal variation in the proportion of plants producing cyanogenic glucosides along the precipitation gradient. These results suggest that multiple selective pressures interact to maintain this adaptive polymorphism and that modelling adaptation will require knowledge of environment‐specific fitness effects.     

Exploring genomic variation associated with drought stress in Picea mariana populations

Predicted increases in drought and heat stress will likely induce shifts in species bioclimatic envelopes. Genetic variants adapted to water limitation may prove pivotal for species response under scenarios of increasing drought. In this study, we aimed to explore this hypothesis by investigating genetic variation in 16 populations of black spruce (Picea mariana) in relation to climate variables in Alaska. A total of 520 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped for 158 trees sampled from areas of contrasting climate regimes. We used multivariate and univariate genotype‐by‐environment approaches along with available gene annotations to investigate the relationship between climate and genetic variation among sampled populations. Nine SNPs were identified as having a significant association with climate, of which five were related to drought stress response. Outlier SNPs with respect to the overall environment were significantly overrepresented for several biological functions relevant for coping with variable hydric regimes, including osmotic stress response. This genomic imprint is consistent with local adaptation of black spruce to drought stress. These results suggest that natural selection acting on standing variation prompts local adaptation in forest stands facing water limitation. Improved understanding of possible adaptive responses could inform our projections about future forest dynamics and help prioritize populations that harbor valuable genetic diversity for conservation.     

川西高原不同坡向云、冷杉树轮对快速升温的响应差异

在川西高原松潘县二道海林区的东南坡、西北坡和扎日寺林区的东坡用零信号法建立4条云、冷杉树轮年表,通过年轮 气候响应分析、多因素方差分析等方法研究不同坡向树木生长对快速升温的响应差异.结果表明： 快速升温(1980年)后,东坡紫果云杉生长显著加速(0.011 a^-1),而西北坡紫果云杉生长则显著降低(-0.006 a^-1),东南坡紫果云杉和西北坡岷江冷杉生长降低,但不显著.随着快速升温,不同坡向云、冷杉径向生长与气候因子的关系均出现显著变化.快速升温后,生长季温度对东坡紫果云杉径向生长的促进作用显著增加,对东南坡和西北坡紫果云杉径向生长的抑制作用也显著增加,但生长季温度对西北坡岷江冷杉径向生长的影响在升温前后变化不明显.5月降水量对东坡紫果云杉径向生长由升温前的抑制作用变为升温后的显著促进作用,而对东南坡和西北坡紫果云杉径向生长的抑制作用显著增加,5月降水量对西北坡岷江冷杉径向生长的影响在升温前后变化不明显.树轮与帕尔默干旱指数响应分析表明,快速升温后,不同坡向的土壤湿度变化是造成树轮响应差异的重要原因.多因素方差分析表明,坡向与温度、降水的综合作用是影响紫果云杉径向生长的重要因素.因此,在模拟预测树木生长对气候变暖的响应动态时,应考虑不同坡向与温度、降水的综合作用.     

Evolutionary and plastic changes in a native annual plant after a historic drought

Severe droughts are forecast to increase with global change. Approaches that enable the study of contemporary evolution, such as resurrection studies, are valuable for providing insights into the responses of populations to global change. In this study, we used a resurrection approach to study the evolution of the California native Leptosiphon bicolor (true babystars, Polemoniaceae) across populations differing in precipitation in response to the state's recent prolonged drought (2011–2017). In the Mediterranean climate region in which L. bicolor grows, this historic drought effectively shortened its growing season. We used seeds collected both before and after this drought from three populations found along a moisture availability gradient to assess contemporary evolution in a common garden greenhouse study. We coupled this with a drought experiment to examine plasticity. We found evolution toward earlier flowering after the historic drought in the wettest of the three populations, while plasticity to experimental drought was observed across all three. We also observed trade‐offs associated with earlier flowering. In the driest population, plants that flowered earlier had lower intrinsic water‐use efficiency than those flowering later, which was an expected pattern. Unexpectedly, earlier flowering plants had larger flowers. Two populations exhibited evolution and plasticity toward smaller flowers with drought. The third exhibited evolution toward larger flowers, but displayed no plasticity. Our results provide valuable insights into differences among native plant populations in response to drought.     

A resurrection study reveals limited evolution of phenology in response to recent climate change across the geographic range of the scarlet monkeyflower

Premise of the studyAs global climate change alters drought regimes, rapid evolution of traits that facilitate adaptation to drought can rescue populations in decline. The evolution of phenological advancement can allow plant populations to escape drought, but evolutionary responses in phenology can vary across a species'' range due to differences in drought intensity and standing genetic variation.Methods Mimulus cardinalis, a perennial herb spanning a broad climatic gradient, recently experienced a period of record drought. Here, we used a resurrection study comparing flowering time and stem height at first flower of pre‐drought ancestors and post‐drought descendants from northern‐edge, central, and southern‐edge populations in a common environment to examine the evolution of drought escape across the latitudinal range.Key resultsContrary to the hypothesis of the evolution of advanced phenology in response to recent drought, flowering time did not advance between ancestors and descendants in any population, though storage condition and maternal effects could have impacted these results. Stem height was positively correlated with flowering time, such that plants that flowered earlier were shorter at first flower. This correlation could constrain the evolution of earlier flowering time if selection favors flowering early at a large size.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that rapid evolution of phenology will not rescue these populations from recent climate change. Future work is needed to examine the potential for the evolution of alternative drought strategies and phenotypic plasticity to buffer M. cardinalis populations from changing climate.     

Local adaptations to frost in marginal and central populations of the dominant forest tree Fagus sylvatica L. as affected by temperature and extreme drought in common garden experiments

Local adaptations to environmental conditions are of high ecological importance as they determine distribution ranges and likely affect species responses to climate change. Increased environmental stress (warming, extreme drought) due to climate change in combination with decreased genetic mixing due to isolation may lead to stronger local adaptations of geographically marginal than central populations. We experimentally observed local adaptations of three marginal and four central populations of Fagus sylvatica L., the dominant native forest tree, to frost over winter and in spring (late frost). We determined frost hardiness of buds and roots by the relative electrolyte leakage in two common garden experiments. The experiment at the cold site included a continuous warming treatment; the experiment at the warm site included a preceding summer drought manipulation. In both experiments, we found evidence for local adaptation to frost, with stronger signs of local adaptation in marginal populations. Winter frost killed many of the potted individuals at the cold site, with higher survival in the warming treatment and in those populations originating from colder environments. However, we found no difference in winter frost tolerance of buds among populations, implying that bud survival was not the main cue for mortality. Bud late frost tolerance in April differed between populations at the warm site, mainly because of phenological differences in bud break. Increased spring frost tolerance of plants which had experienced drought stress in the preceding summer could also be explained by shifts in phenology. Stronger local adaptations to climate in geographically marginal than central populations imply the potential for adaptation to climate at range edges. In times of climate change, however, it needs to be tested whether locally adapted populations at range margins can successfully adapt further to changing conditions.     

Seed source environment predicts response to water availability in Plantago patagonica

The intensity, duration, and severity of drought increasing across the American Southwest. Plant restoration efforts are often thwarted by drought-induced effects (i.e. drought-induced mortality or failure to reproduce). Careful selection of plant materials to match future environmental conditions could improve restoration success under climate change. Here, we focus on Plantago patagonica, a priority arid land restoration species in the southwestern US. Using experimental drought in a greenhouse and supplemental watering in a common garden experiment, we quantified how the seed-collection site environment influenced plant growth, performance, phenotypic plasticity, and evidence of local adaptation in 12 populations of P. patagonica. In the greenhouse, we found plants from hotter and drier environments had higher root:shoot ratios, while those from more variable precipitation regimes had greater total biomass in response to drought. Populations sourced from warmer environments exhibited sevenfold greater plasticity in root:shoot ratio compared to those from cooler environments, and there was strong evidence for local adaptation in phenology, as populations sourced from geographic locations nearer the common garden exhibited five times more flowering individuals than those sourced furthest from that garden. In the common garden, we found that plants sourced from wetter locations and those with more consistent precipitation regimes had lower mortality and higher specific leaf area, a proxy for growth, under unwatered ambient conditions. These results suggest plant performance of P. patagonica under reduced water availability is strongly shaped by the seed-collection site environment and may be a useful tool for improving restoration outcomes in a changing world.     

Intraspecific variation in seedling growth responses of a relict tree species Euptelea pleiospermum to precipitation manipulation along an elevation gradient

Improving the accuracy of predictions regarding how plants respond to climate change is crucial to protecting biodiversity. However, little is known about the effects of seed source and elevation on the response of mountain plant species to reductions in precipitation. Here, we collected seeds of a tree species (Euptelea pleiospermum) from three seed sources and carried out a two-growing-season reciprocal transplant experiment with precipitation manipulation at three sites along an elevation gradient in the Shennongjia Mountains, central China. Variations in whole-plant traits, leaf traits, and root traits were investigated. We found that most plant traits of E. pleiospermum seedlings were affected by reductions in precipitation, and responses varied among different elevations and seed sources. Whole-plant traits, root biomass, and leaf traits related to photosynthesis capacity decreased under reduced precipitation treatments at mid and high elevation sites. Thus, climate change induced drought will likely have a negative influence on seedling growth at mid and high elevation regions. In addition, a home-site advantage in whole-plant traits and root traits was observed. However, the responses of leaf traits in most cases were not affected by seed source because of higher phenotypic plasticity. Our results suggested that both local adaptation and phenotypic plasticity were important in seedling growth responses to reduced precipitation. We also highlight the importance of taking intraspecific variation into account when studying the response of plants to changes in climate.

     

Diversity and mean specific leaf area of Mediterranean woody vegetation changes in response to summer drought across a double stress gradient: The role of phenotypic plasticity

Aim

Many aspects of vegetation response to increased drought remain uncertain but it is expected that phenotypic plasticity may be key to early adaptation of plants to environmental stress. In this work we observe the response of specific leaf area (SLA) of woody shrub vegetation to the summer drought typical of the Mediterranean climate. In addition, to observe the possible interaction between the impact of drought and the environmental characteristics of the ecosystems, communities from different edaphic and structural contexts distributed along the double stress gradient of the Mediterranean mountains (high temperature and low precipitation at low elevation; low temperature and high irradiation at high elevation) have been analysed.

Location

Central Mountain range of the Iberian Peninsula.

Methods

Along the entire altitudinal gradient, 33 shrub communities belonging to different habitat typologies (shrublands, rocky areas, hedgerows, understorey) were sampled before and after the passage of summer, both in 2017 and 2019. A total of 1724 individuals and 15,516 leaves were collected and measured to estimate the mean values and diversity of SLA of each community.

Results

The community-weighted mean and functional divergence have inverse quadratic relationships with the environmental gradient. Shrub communities at both ends of the gradient have low mean SLA values and high functional divergence of this trait. Summer drought implies a generalised decrease in the mean SLA of the communities throughout the gradient, as well as an alteration in functional richness and uniformity. However, the effect of summer drought on the plant community is mediated by the microenvironmental characteristics of its habitat.

Conclusions

Drought acclimatisation of shrub communities through phenotypic plasticity leads to rapid changes in their functional leaf structure. In the long term, our results point to an increase in plant conservative strategies, reduced ecosystem productivity, slower nutrient recycling and the reduction of communities of specific habitats as drought increases.     

内蒙古地带性针茅植物对CO2和气候变化的适应性研究进展

收集了1992—2013年关于模拟CO2浓度升高及气候变化(温度升高、降水变化)对内蒙古地带性草原群落的5个建群种针茅植物(贝加尔针茅、本氏针茅、大针茅、克氏针茅、短花针茅)影响的实验研究结果表明,模拟CO2浓度升高、增温和增雨将提高针茅植物的光合作用和株高生长,但CO2处理时间延长会导致光合适应;温度和降雨变化将改变针茅植物的物候进程,但物种之间反应有差异;CO2浓度升高有助于针茅植物生物量增加,增温和干旱则相反,CO2浓度升高对干旱的影响具有补偿作用;干旱和涝渍胁迫将提高针茅植物植株C/N,CO2浓度升高将加剧水分胁迫下针茅植物植株C/N的增加效应,导致牧草品质下降。由于当前在适应性指标、针茅植物对气候变化协同作用的适应机理及其敏感性研究等方面存在的不足,导致目前无法全面比较各针茅植物对CO2和温度、降水变化的响应差异及其敏感性,因而无法预测未来在全球变化背景下,这几种针茅植物的动态变化及其在地理分布上的迁移替代规律。为科学应对气候变化,未来应加强内蒙古地带性针茅植物的适应性指标、针茅植物对多因子协同作用的适应机理及敏感性研究。     

植物应对干旱胁迫的阶段性策略

干旱是影响植物生存、生长和分布的最重要的非生物胁迫之一,全球暖干化将加剧干旱胁迫.植物对干旱胁迫的响应和适应机制一直是
学术研究的热点领域.本文综述了植物应对干旱胁迫的生长和生理响应,在已有的研究结果基础上,提出了植物应对干旱胁迫的阶段性响应策略.从干旱开始到干旱致死,植物经历了干旱开始-轻度干旱-中度干旱-严重干旱-极端干旱5个阶段,分别对应着应激响应-主动适应-被动适应3种响应方式和适应机制.不同阶段中植物抗旱机制的核心任务不同.最后提出了研究植物阶段性响应策略需要解决的关键科学问题及研究方向.     

Genetically based latitudinal variation in Artemisia californica secondary chemistry

Steep climatic gradients may select for clinal adaptation in plant functional traits with implications for interspecific interactions and response to future climate change. Terpenes are common in Mediterranean environments and mediate plant interactions with both the abiotic and biotic environment, including herbivores. Clines in traits such as terpenes have received much attention because they are linked to plant fitness and experience strong selection from the abiotic and biotic environment. In this study, we tested for intraspecific variation in Artemisia californica terpene chemistry in a common garden of plants sourced from populations spanning a large precipitation gradient (6° latitude) and grown in treatments of high and low precipitation. We found genetic variation in terpene richness, diversity, concentration and composition among A. californica populations spanning this species’ range. Of these traits, terpene composition and monoterpene concentration varied clinally with respect to source site latitude. Regarding terpene composition, pairwise dissimilarity among populations increased in parallel with geographic distance between source sites. At the same time, monoterpene concentration decreased monotonically from plants of southern origin (source sites with high temperature, aridity, and precipitation variability) to plants of northern origin. Our precipitation manipulation suggests that phenotypic selection by precipitation may underlie this clinal variation in monoterpene concentration, and that monoterpene concentration and other aspects of terpene chemistry are not phenotypically plastic. In summary, this study provides novel evidence for a genetically based latitudinal cline in plant secondary chemistry and suggests that adaptation to a key aspect of the abiotic environment may contribute to this intraspecific variation. Accordingly, changes in terpene chemistry under projected future climates will likely occur solely through the relatively slow process of adaptation, with important consequences for plant interactions with the abiotic environment and a diverse community of associates.     

Clinal adaptation and adaptive plasticity in Artemisia californica: implications for the response of a foundation species to predicted climate change

Local adaptation and plasticity pose significant obstacles to predicting plant responses to future climates. Although local adaptation and plasticity in plant functional traits have been documented for many species, less is known about population‐level variation in plasticity and whether such variation is driven by adaptation to environmental variation. We examined clinal variation in traits and performance – and plastic responses to environmental change – for the shrub Artemisia californica along a 700 km gradient characterized (from south to north) by a fourfold increase in precipitation and a 61% decrease in interannual precipitation variation. Plants cloned from five populations along this gradient were grown for 3 years in treatments approximating the precipitation regimes of the north and south range margins. Most traits varying among populations did so clinally; northern populations (vs. southern) had higher water‐use efficiencies and lower growth rates, C : N ratios and terpene concentrations. Notably, there was variation in plasticity for plant performance that was strongly correlated with source site interannual precipitation variability. The high‐precipitation treatment (vs. low) increased growth and flower production more for plants from southern populations (181% and 279%, respectively) than northern populations (47% and 20%, respectively). Overall, precipitation variability at population source sites predicted 86% and 99% of variation in plasticity in growth and flowering, respectively. These striking, clinal patterns in plant traits and plasticity are indicative of adaptation to both the mean and variability of environmental conditions. Furthermore, our analysis of long‐term coastal climate data in turn indicates an increase in interannual precipitation variation consistent with most global change models and, unexpectedly, this increased variation is especially pronounced at historically stable, northern sites. Our findings demonstrate the critical need to integrate fundamental evolutionary processes into global change models, as contemporary patterns of adaptation to environmental clines will mediate future plant responses to projected climate change.     

Summer drought exposure,stand structure,and soil properties jointly control the growth of European beech along a steep precipitation gradient in northern Germany

Increasing exposure to climate warming-related drought and heat threatens forest vitality in many regions on earth, with the trees' vulnerability likely depending on local climatic aridity, recent climate trends, edaphic conditions, and the drought acclimatization and adaptation of populations. Studies exploring tree species' vulnerability to climate change often have a local focus or model the species' entire distribution range, which hampers the separation of climatic and edaphic drivers of drought and heat vulnerability. We compared recent radial growth trends and the sensitivity of growth to drought and heat in central populations of a widespread and naturally dominant tree species in Europe, European beech (Fagus sylvatica), at 30 forest sites across a steep precipitation gradient (500–850 mm year⁻¹) of short length to assess the species' adaptive potential. Size-standardized basal area increment remained more constant during the period of accelerated warming since the early 1980s in populations with >360 mm growing season precipitation (April–September), while growth trends were negative at sites with <360 mm. Climatic drought in June appeared as the most influential climatic factor affecting radial growth, with a stronger effect at drier sites. A decadal decrease in the climatic water balance of the summer was identified as the most important factor leading to growth decline, which is amplified by higher stem densities. Inter-annual growth variability has increased since the early 1980s, and variability is generally higher at drier and sandier sites. Similarly, within-population growth synchrony is higher at sandier sites and has increased with a decrease in the June climatic water balance. Our results caution against predicting the drought vulnerability of trees solely from climate projections, as soil properties emerged as an important modulating factor. We conclude that beech is facing recent growth decline at drier sites in the centre of its distribution range, driven by climate change-related climate aridification.     

灌溉条件下藏北紫花针茅光合特性及其对温度和CO2浓度的短期响应

利用LI-6400便携式光合作用测定仪, 测定不同灌溉措施下紫花针茅(Stipa purpurea)的光合特性对CO₂浓度和温度的响应, 探讨了土壤水分、温度和CO₂浓度升高对藏北高寒草地紫花针茅光合作用的影响。结果表明: 1)紫花针茅各项光合特性参数对CO₂浓度、温度和土壤水分的变化响应显著, 并表现出明显的交互作用; 2) CO₂浓度升高促进光合速率, 但CO₂浓度过高时光合速率反而下降; 温度升高抑制光合速率, 土壤水分增加对高温条件下的光合作用具有补偿作用; 土壤水分增加促进紫花针茅光合速率的升高; 3)随着CO₂浓度的升高, 胞间CO₂浓度逐渐增大, 蒸腾速率降低, 水分利用效率升高, 气孔导度逐渐减小, 且温度升高加剧气孔导度下降的程度。各光合参数在不同温度水平和土壤水分下表现不同: 气孔导度在20 ℃时达到最大值, 且土壤水分增加利于气孔导度的增大; 温度上升抑制了胞间CO₂浓度, 且在土壤水分充足的条件下更显著; 蒸腾速率随着温度的上升而加快, 蒸腾速率与土壤水分的正相关关系明显; 叶片饱和水汽压亏缺与温度成正比, 充足的土壤水分会适当降低饱和水汽压亏缺; 水分利用效率随着温度上升和土壤水分增多而减小。不同土壤水分条件下光合参数对温度的响应结果表明, 土壤水分的增加对较高温度下光合及其生理参数与温度的关系具有一定的补偿作用。